Analyze the institution of slavery, the Second Great Awakening, major reform movements, and the intensifying sectional crises before the Civil War.

Analyze complex local, regional, and global problems over time, apply deliberative decision-making procedures, and design collaborative strategies for informed civic action.

Compare forms of government and evaluate the active roles, legal rights, and civic responsibilities of citizens in a constitutional republic.

Understand banking institutions, compound interest, credit costs, fair lending regulations, and the impact of advertising on economic choices.

Analyze how the U.S. Constitution addressed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and established core principles of American democracy.

Critically analyze primary and secondary sources, identify bias and distortion, question dominant historical narratives, and construct multi-perspective historical explanations.

Compare how European powers and the United States interacted with Indigenous nations and evaluate the impacts of treaties, sovereignty, and resistance.

Analyze how power, governance, and systemic oppression have impacted historically marginalized groups, and celebrate the enduring contributions and living histories of diverse communities in Oregon and the nation.