Identify patterns and sources of error in data, draw reasoned conclusions from evidence, and communicate findings to an audience.

Examine how structural features and behaviours of animals enable their survival in specific habitats.

Use particle models to explain dissolving, conservation of matter, conduction, and investigate state changes.

Use measurement tools with precision, record data accurately with appropriate units, and organize data using tables, graphs, and visual models.

Apply knowledge of weathering, erosion, and deposition to real-world landforms and rapid changes, and investigate erosion through a hands-on model.

Understand how weathered material is eroded by water, wind, and ice, transported across the landscape, and deposited in new locations.

Understand that scientific advances are often the result of collaboration, building on previous work, and sharing results with the broader community.

Identify sources of light, recognise that light travels in straight lines, and explain how shadows form and change based on materials and distance.

Formulate investigable questions, make reasoned predictions, design fair tests, and plan safe and repeatable investigations.