Build compound sentences by joining independent clauses with appropriate coordinating conjunctions.

Identify characters and settings in literary texts, explain how they connect, and discuss how they are presented in literature from diverse authors including First Nations Australian and world authors.

Identify how the same topic and information are presented differently across imaginative, informative, and persuasive text types.

Read and spell words with vowel digraphs, consonant clusters, silent letters, compound words, double consonants, and the magic 'e' pattern.

Use active comprehension strategies — visualising, predicting, connecting to personal experience and other texts, and summarising — to build understanding of what is read.

Monitor understanding, ask questions, identify literal and inferred meaning, and combine multiple comprehension strategies to read expressively and build deep understanding.

Enhance drafted texts with varied sentence structures, vocabulary, and punctuation, then edit and publish them for a familiar audience.

Extend nouns into noun groups using adjectives and articles, and build verb groups using helper verbs.

Form upper-case and lower-case letters correctly and write words and short sentences legibly with growing fluency using unjoined letters.

Use a range of interaction skills — active listening, taking turns, expressing and responding to opinions, and giving instructions — in conversations and group discussions.

Vary interpersonal language choices depending on context and roles, and create and deliver short oral presentations for a familiar audience.

Identify how authors use language to present characters and settings, and give reasons for personal preferences about characters and stories.