Analyze complex issues across local, regional, and global scales and evaluate individual and collective strategies to create civic change.

Compare forms of government, examine the power of constitutions and treaties, and evaluate the rights and responsibilities of global citizens.

Construct well-reasoned arguments using multiple sources of evidence while critically evaluating counterarguments and limitations.

Explain how innovations in transportation, communication, and trade facilitate the movement of people, ideas, and cultural practices.

Compare the governance, social structures, technological innovations, and cultural achievements of early Western Hemisphere societies.

Analyze how supply, demand, competition, and international trade shape prices, wages, and economic decision-making.

Apply historical inquiry by analyzing chronology, distinguishing facts from opinions, evaluating source credibility, and cross-examining multiple perspectives.

Evaluate the impact of colonial policies on Indigenous nations, analyze tribal sovereignty and treaties, and celebrate ongoing cultural continuity.

Analyze power, authority, and systems of oppression while investigating how marginalized groups fought for equity and human rights across the Americas.