Time Measurement, Clocks, and Unit Conversions

Read analogue and digital clocks across 12-hour, 24-hour, and Roman numeral formats, and convert fluently between units of time.

Calculate elapsed time intervals and determine start and end times using open number lines and timeline models.

Measure, compare, and convert metric units of length from millimeters to kilometers to solve multi-step distance problems.

Measure, convert, and solve practical word problems involving grams, decagrams, kilograms, metric tonnes, and degrees Celsius.

Measure liquid volumes in liters and milliliters, convert between units, and solve practical capacity word problems involving fractions of liters.

Calculate money amounts in coins and bills, find equivalent combinations, make change, and solve multi-step purchase problems.

Calculate the perimeter of polygons, find unknown side lengths from given perimeters, and solve real-world boundary problems.

Understand area as surface coverage using unit squares, relate rectangular area to multiplication, and apply the distributive property.

Decompose composite rectilinear figures to determine total area and investigate the relationships between perimeter and area.

Collect, organize, and represent categorical and discrete data using frequency tables, spreadsheets, picture graphs, and scaled bar graphs.

Construct and interpret line plots with scales marked in whole units, halves, and quarters to solve multi-step data problems.

Describe likelihood of everyday events using qualitative chance terms, conduct repeated probability experiments, and record outcomes.