Add and subtract fractions with identical denominators within one whole using visual models, numeric equations, and multi-step word problems.

Find unknown values represented by symbols, boxes, and letters in multi-term equations across all four operations.

Understand angles as geometric turns, classify acute, right, obtuse, and straight angles, and measure and draw benchmark angles using protractors.

Understand area as surface coverage using unit squares, relate rectangular area to multiplication, and apply the distributive property.

Describe likelihood of everyday events using qualitative chance terms, conduct repeated probability experiments, and record outcomes.

Classify, describe, and compare triangles and quadrilaterals by side lengths, angle types, and parallel or perpendicular side properties.

Compare fractions with common numerators, common denominators, or benchmark reasoning using relational symbols.