Sun-Earth-Moon Orbital Mechanics and the Cosmos

Analyze Earth's compositional layers, classify rocks and the rock cycle, evaluate soil properties, and interpret fossil strata across geologic time.

Explain tectonic plate motions driven by mantle convection and analyze the mechanisms and impacts of earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis.

Investigate hydrological phases, fluvial erosion and deposition, atmospheric parameters, and meteorological forecasting methods.

Analyze atmospheric layers, global air and ocean circulation cells, the greenhouse effect, and evaluate human-driven climate change and mitigations.

Demonstrate Earth's sphericity, model rotational dynamics and shadow progression, and explain seasonal variations resulting from axial tilt and orbital revolution.

Model lunar phases and eclipses, analyze solar system gravitational architecture, stellar life cycles, and evaluate space exploration technologies.