Solution Concentration and Mass-Volume Relationships

Understand the mole concept, define Avogadro's constant, and convert between numbers of particles and amounts in moles.

Calculate relative formula mass and seamlessly convert between the mass of a substance and its amount in moles.

Use balanced chemical equations and stoichiometric ratios to calculate reacting masses of reactants and products.

Identify limiting reactants, explain their effect on product yield, and deduce balanced equations from reacting mass data.

Calculate solution concentrations in g/dm³ and mol/dm³ and understand relationships between solute mass, moles, and volume.

Solve complex, multi-step calculation problems across stoichiometric amounts, reacting masses, limiting reagents, and solution concentrations.