Read, write, and analyze algebraic expressions using precise vocabulary including terms, variables, coefficients, and operations.

Design, trace, and evaluate step-by-step algorithms and flowcharts to solve mathematical, geometric, and logical problems.

Identify, classify, and calculate unknown angle measures using complementary, supplementary, vertical, adjacent, and intersecting line relationships with algebraic equations.

Derive and apply formulas for perimeter and area of triangles, parallelograms, rhombuses, and trapezoids with consistent metric and customary units.

Plot points in all four quadrants, calculate horizontal and vertical segment lengths using absolute value, and construct polygons to determine coordinate perimeter and area.

Identify parts of a circle, derive the constant ratio pi (π = C/d), and calculate circumference, circle area, sector angles, and annulus ring areas.

Construct and interpret histograms, circle graphs, and box-and-whisker plots, and critically detect misleading graphical distortions.