<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: transparent;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      padding: 6px;
      min-height: 100%;
    }
    .diagram-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }
    .gradient-bar {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, #bae6fd 0%, #0284c7 100%);
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      letter-spacing: 0.2px;
    }
    .gradient-bar .low {
      color: #ffffff;
    }
    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
      overflow: visible;
    }
    .tissue-label {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #1e2945;
      text-anchor: middle;
      font-family: inherit;
    }
    .strip-label {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 800;
      fill: #991b1b;
      text-anchor: middle;
      font-family: inherit;
      letter-spacing: 0.2px;
    }
    .water-particle {
      fill: #0284c7;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 1px 2px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.45));
    }
    .btn-row {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-top: 2px;
    }
    .ctrl-btn {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 6px 16px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #1e2945;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: background-color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
    }
    .ctrl-btn:hover {
      background-color: #f1f5f9;
      border-color: #94a3b8;
    }
    @media (max-width: 400px) {
      .gradient-bar {
        font-size: 11px;
        padding: 5px 8px;
      }
      .tissue-label {
        font-size: 15px;
      }
      .ctrl-btn {
        font-size: 12px;
        padding: 5px 12px;
      }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="diagram-wrap">
  <div class="gradient-bar">
    <span>High &Psi; (Soil)</span>
    <span>&rarr;&rarr;&rarr;</span>
    <span class="low">Low &Psi; (Xylem)</span>
  </div>

  <svg viewBox="0 0 535 295">
    <defs>
      
      <marker id="upArrow" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="5" refY="4" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto">
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    <rect x="420" y="36" width="105" height="216" fill="#eff6ff" stroke="#3b82f6" stroke-width="2.5" rx="4" />
    
    <line x1="455" y1="36" x2="455" y2="250" stroke="#bfdbfe" stroke-width="3" stroke-dasharray="8 4" />
    <line x1="475" y1="36" x2="475" y2="250" stroke="#bfdbfe" stroke-width="3" stroke-dasharray="8 4" />
    <line x1="495" y1="36" x2="495" y2="250" stroke="#bfdbfe" stroke-width="3" stroke-dasharray="8 4" />

    
    <path d="M 40 144 L 475 144" stroke="#93c5fd" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-dasharray="4 4" fill="none" />
    <path d="M 475 144 L 475 46" stroke="#93c5fd" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-dasharray="4 4" fill="none" marker-end="url(#upArrow)" />

    
    <g id="particleGroup">
      
      <circle r="4.5" class="water-particle">
        <animateMotion dur="3.6s" repeatCount="indefinite" path="M 20 144 L 70 144 L 150 144 L 240 144 L 350 144 L 475 144 L 475 42" keyPoints="0;1" keyTimes="0;1" />
      </circle>
      <circle r="4.5" class="water-particle">
        <animateMotion dur="3.6s" begin="1.2s" repeatCount="indefinite" path="M 20 144 L 70 144 L 150 144 L 240 144 L 350 144 L 475 144 L 475 42" keyPoints="0;1" keyTimes="0;1" />
      </circle>
      <circle r="4.5" class="water-particle">
        <animateMotion dur="3.6s" begin="2.4s" repeatCount="indefinite" path="M 20 144 L 70 144 L 150 144 L 240 144 L 350 144 L 475 144 L 475 42" keyPoints="0;1" keyTimes="0;1" />
      </circle>

      
      <circle r="4" class="water-particle" opacity="0.85">
        <animateMotion dur="4s" begin="0.6s" repeatCount="indefinite" path="M 25 152 L 75 152 L 160 156 L 260 148 L 350 146 L 495 146 L 495 42" keyPoints="0;1" keyTimes="0;1" />
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      <circle r="4" class="water-particle" opacity="0.85">
        <animateMotion dur="4s" begin="2.6s" repeatCount="indefinite" path="M 25 152 L 75 152 L 160 156 L 260 148 L 350 146 L 495 146 L 495 42" keyPoints="0;1" keyTimes="0;1" />
      </circle>
    </g>

    
    <rect x="288" y="4" width="126" height="22" rx="4" fill="#fee2e2" stroke="#fca5a5" stroke-width="1.2" />
    <text x="351" y="19" class="strip-label">Casparian strip</text>
    <line x1="351" y1="26" x2="351" y2="39" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-dasharray="2 2" />

    
    <text x="45" y="278" class="tissue-label">Soil</text>
    <text x="145" y="278" class="tissue-label">Epidermis</text>
    <text x="240" y="278" class="tissue-label">Cortex</text>
    <text x="351" y="278" class="tissue-label">Endodermis</text>
    <text x="472" y="278" class="tissue-label">Xylem</text>
  </svg>

  <div class="btn-row">
    <button id="toggleBtn" class="ctrl-btn" onclick="toggleFlow()">
      <span id="btnIcon">&#10074;&#10074;</span> Pause Flow
    </button>
  </div>
</div>

<script>
  let isPlaying = true;
  const svg = document.querySelector('svg');
  const toggleBtn = document.getElementById('toggleBtn');
  const btnIcon = document.getElementById('btnIcon');

  function toggleFlow() {
    isPlaying = !isPlaying;
    if (isPlaying) {
      svg.unpauseAnimations();
      btnIcon.innerHTML = '&#10074;&#10074;';
      toggleBtn.childNodes[1].nodeValue = ' Pause Flow';
    } else {
      svg.pauseAnimations();
      btnIcon.innerHTML = '&#9654;';
      toggleBtn.childNodes[1].nodeValue = ' Resume Flow';
    }
  }
</script>

</body>
</html>

Root and Leaf Structures in Water Absorption and Transpiration

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: #ffffff;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: flex-start;
      padding: 12px;
      user-select: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
    }

    .btn-group {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 6px;
      margin-bottom: 10px;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
    }

    .nav-btn {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 20px;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #1e2945;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
      transition: background-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    }

    .nav-btn.active {
      background: #22b7ff;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #22b7ff;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(34, 183, 255, 0.35);
    }

    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      position: relative;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    .label-tag {
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #1e2945;
      dominant-baseline: middle;
    }

    .sub-label {
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 500;
      fill: #64748b;
      dominant-baseline: middle;
    }

    /* Animation effects */
    .sun-ray {
      stroke: #f59e0b;
      stroke-width: 2.5;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      stroke-dasharray: 6 4;
      animation: rayFlow 1.5s linear infinite;
      opacity: 0;
      transition: opacity 0.3s;
    }

    @keyframes rayFlow {
      from { stroke-dashoffset: 20; }
      to { stroke-dashoffset: 0; }
    }

    .chloroplast-glow {
      transition: fill 0.3s, filter 0.3s;
    }

    .mode-palisade .sun-ray { opacity: 1; }
    .mode-palisade .chloroplast-glow {
      fill: #84cc16;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 0 3px #84cc16);
    }

    .gas-particle {
      opacity: 0;
      transition: opacity 0.3s;
    }

    .mode-spongy .gas-particle { opacity: 1; }

    @keyframes floatUp {
      0% { transform: translateY(0px); opacity: 0; }
      40% { opacity: 0.9; }
      100% { transform: translateY(-30px); opacity: 0; }
    }

    @keyframes floatDown {
      0% { transform: translateY(-30px); opacity: 0; }
      40% { opacity: 0.9; }
      100% { transform: translateY(0px); opacity: 0; }
    }

    .anim-h2o { animation: floatUp 2.8s ease-in-out infinite; }
    .anim-o2  { animation: floatUp 3.2s ease-in-out infinite 0.5s; }
    .anim-co2 { animation: floatDown 3.0s ease-in-out infinite 0.3s; }

    .highlight-box {
      fill: none;
      stroke: #22b7ff;
      stroke-width: 2;
      stroke-dasharray: 4 4;
      opacity: 0;
      transition: opacity 0.3s;
    }

    .mode-palisade #palisadeBox { opacity: 1; }
    .mode-spongy #spongyBox { opacity: 1; }

    .clickable-layer {
      cursor: pointer;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body class="mode-all">

  <div class="btn-group">
    <button class="nav-btn active" id="btn-all" onclick="setMode('all')">All Layers</button>
    <button class="nav-btn" id="btn-palisade" onclick="setMode('palisade')">☀️ Palisade Layer</button>
    <button class="nav-btn" id="btn-spongy" onclick="setMode('spongy')">💨 Spongy Layer</button>
  </div>

  <div class="svg-container">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 540 370">
      <defs>
        
        <linearGradient id="cuticleGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fef08a" stop-opacity="0.9"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#fde047" stop-opacity="0.7"/>
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="epidermisGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#dcfce7"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#bbf7d0"/>
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="palisadeGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#4ade80"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#22c55e"/>
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="spongyGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#86efac"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#4ade80"/>
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="xylemGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#38bdf8"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0284c7"/>
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="phloemGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fb923c"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ea580c"/>
        </linearGradient>

        
        <linearGradient id="depthGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f172a" stop-opacity="0.15"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0f172a" stop-opacity="0.35"/>
        </linearGradient>
      </defs>

      
      <polygon points="340,32 375,10 375,308 340,330" fill="url(#depthGrad)" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="0.75"/>

      
      <rect x="25" y="32" width="315" height="6" rx="2" fill="url(#cuticleGrad)" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="1"/>
      <polygon points="25,32 60,10 375,10 340,32" fill="#fef9c3" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="0.75"/>

      
      <g stroke="#86efac" stroke-width="1.2">
        
        <rect x="25" y="38" width="35" height="22" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
        <rect x="60" y="38" width="35" height="22" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
        <rect x="95" y="38" width="35" height="22" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
        <rect x="130" y="38" width="35" height="22" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
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        <rect x="305" y="38" width="35" height="22" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="palisadeGroup" class="clickable-layer" onclick="setMode('palisade')">
        <rect id="palisadeBox" x="22" y="62" width="321" height="84" rx="4"/>
        
        
        
        <rect x="26" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="34" cy="74" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="46" cy="80" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
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        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="45" cy="116" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
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        <rect x="58" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="66" cy="76" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="78" cy="90" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
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        <rect x="90" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="98" cy="74" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="110" cy="88" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="100" cy="112" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
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        <rect x="122" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="130" cy="78" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="142" cy="94" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
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        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="140" cy="134" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>

        
        <rect x="154" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="164" cy="76" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="174" cy="96" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
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        <rect x="186" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="196" cy="76" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="204" cy="100" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="194" cy="128" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>

        
        <rect x="218" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="228" cy="74" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="238" cy="94" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="226" cy="122" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>

        
        <rect x="250" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="260" cy="78" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="270" cy="102" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="258" cy="130" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>

        
        <rect x="282" y="64" width="28" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="292" cy="74" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="302" cy="98" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="290" cy="124" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>

        
        <rect x="314" y="64" width="24" height="80" rx="5" fill="url(#palisadeGrad)" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="324" cy="78" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>
        <circle class="chloroplast-glow" cx="326" cy="116" r="2.8" fill="#166534"/>

        
        <line class="sun-ray" x1="40" y1="12" x2="40" y2="60"/>
        <line class="sun-ray" x1="104" y1="12" x2="104" y2="60"/>
        <line class="sun-ray" x1="168" y1="12" x2="168" y2="60"/>
        <line class="sun-ray" x1="232" y1="12" x2="232" y2="60"/>
        <line class="sun-ray" x1="296" y1="12" x2="296" y2="60"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="spongyGroup" class="clickable-layer" onclick="setMode('spongy')">
        <rect id="spongyBox" x="22" y="148" width="321" height="152" rx="4"/>

        
        <ellipse cx="44" cy="170" rx="16" ry="14" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <circle cx="42" cy="168" r="2.2" fill="#15803d"/>
        <circle cx="48" cy="174" r="2.2" fill="#15803d"/>

        <ellipse cx="88" cy="166" rx="18" ry="13" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="40" cy="214" rx="15" ry="15" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="80" cy="218" rx="17" ry="14" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="50" cy="265" rx="18" ry="16" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="94" cy="272" rx="15" ry="13" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>

        <ellipse cx="132" cy="180" rx="17" ry="15" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="140" cy="245" rx="19" ry="16" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>

        <ellipse cx="270" cy="172" rx="16" ry="14" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="314" cy="176" rx="17" ry="15" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="278" cy="226" rx="18" ry="15" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="318" cy="235" rx="15" ry="14" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="254" cy="275" rx="17" ry="14" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>
        <ellipse cx="300" cy="280" rx="18" ry="14" fill="url(#spongyGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1"/>

        
        <g class="gas-particle anim-co2">
          <text x="100" y="270" font-size="10" font-weight="bold" fill="#0284c7">CO₂ ↓</text>
        </g>
        <g class="gas-particle anim-o2">
          <text x="120" y="225" font-size="10" font-weight="bold" fill="#16a34a">O₂ ↑</text>
        </g>
        <g class="gas-particle anim-h2o">
          <text x="75" y="245" font-size="10" font-weight="bold" fill="#0284c7">H₂O ↑</text>
        </g>
      </g>

      
      
      <ellipse cx="204" cy="210" rx="36" ry="42" fill="#fef08a" stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="1.5"/>
      
      <path d="M 172,206 A 32,36 0 0,1 236,206 Z" fill="url(#xylemGrad)" stroke="#0369a1" stroke-width="1"/>
      <circle cx="188" cy="192" r="6" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1"/>
      <circle cx="204" cy="184" r="8" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1"/>
      <circle cx="220" cy="192" r="6" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1"/>
      
      
      <path d="M 172,212 A 32,36 0 0,0 236,212 Z" fill="url(#phloemGrad)" stroke="#c2410c" stroke-width="1"/>
      <circle cx="190" cy="226" r="4.5" fill="#ffedd5" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="0.8"/>
      <circle cx="204" cy="232" r="5" fill="#ffedd5" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="0.8"/>
      <circle cx="218" cy="226" r="4.5" fill="#ffedd5" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="0.8"/>

      
      <g stroke="#86efac" stroke-width="1.2">
        <rect x="25" y="300" width="35" height="20" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
        <rect x="60" y="300" width="30" height="20" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
        
        
        <ellipse cx="98" cy="310" rx="6" ry="10" fill="#22c55e" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1.2"/>
        
        <ellipse cx="120" cy="310" rx="6" ry="10" fill="#22c55e" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1.2"/>

        <rect x="130" y="300" width="40" height="20" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
        <rect x="170" y="300" width="40" height="20" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
        <rect x="210" y="300" width="35" height="20" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>

        
        <ellipse cx="253" cy="310" rx="6" ry="10" fill="#22c55e" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1.2"/>
        <ellipse cx="275" cy="310" rx="6" ry="10" fill="#22c55e" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="1.2"/>

        <rect x="285" y="300" width="25" height="20" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
        <rect x="310" y="300" width="30" height="20" rx="3" fill="url(#epidermisGrad)"/>
      </g>

      
      <rect x="25" y="320" width="70" height="4" fill="url(#cuticleGrad)"/>
      <rect x="125" y="320" width="125" height="4" fill="url(#cuticleGrad)"/>
      <rect x="280" y="320" width="60" height="4" fill="url(#cuticleGrad)"/>

      
      
      <path d="M 345,35 L 390,35" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
      <text x="395" y="35" class="label-tag">Cuticle</text>

      
      <path d="M 345,49 L 390,49" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
      <text x="395" y="49" class="label-tag">Upper Epidermis</text>

      
      <path d="M 345,100 L 390,100" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
      <text x="395" y="97" class="label-tag">Palisade Mesophyll</text>
      <text x="395" y="109" class="sub-label">Dense chloroplasts</text>

      
      <path d="M 238,188 L 390,158" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
      <text x="395" y="158" class="label-tag">Xylem <tspan font-weight="normal" fill="#64748b">(Water)</tspan></text>

      <path d="M 238,228 L 390,195" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
      <text x="395" y="195" class="label-tag">Phloem <tspan font-weight="normal" fill="#64748b">(Sugar)</tspan></text>

      
      <path d="M 345,255 L 390,255" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
      <text x="395" y="252" class="label-tag">Spongy Mesophyll</text>
      <text x="395" y="264" class="sub-label">Air spaces for gas</text>

      
      <path d="M 345,310 L 390,310" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
      <text x="395" y="310" class="label-tag">Lower Epidermis</text>

      
      <path d="M 109,325 L 109,350 L 160,350" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
      <text x="166" y="350" class="label-tag">Stoma &amp; Guard Cells</text>
    </svg>
  </div>

  <script>
    function setMode(mode) {
      document.body.className = 'mode-' + mode;
      
      document.getElementById('btn-all').classList.toggle('active', mode === 'all');
      document.getElementById('btn-palisade').classList.toggle('active', mode === 'palisade');
      document.getElementById('btn-spongy').classList.toggle('active', mode === 'spongy');
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: transparent;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: flex-start;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 450px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      padding: 6px 4px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .toolbar {
      display: flex;
      gap: 6px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      padding: 3px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    }

    .toggle-btn {
      border: none;
      background: transparent;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
      border-radius: 16px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
    }

    .toggle-btn:hover {
      color: #0f172a;
    }

    .toggle-btn.active {
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    }

    .diagram-svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Flow Animations */
    .flow-line {
      stroke-dasharray: 6 6;
      animation: dashMove 1.2s linear infinite;
    }

    .vapor-bubble {
      animation: floatUp 2.4s ease-in-out infinite;
    }

    .vapor-bubble:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.8s; }
    .vapor-bubble:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 1.6s; }

    @keyframes dashMove {
      to { stroke-dashoffset: -24; }
    }

    @keyframes floatUp {
      0% { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px); }
      40% { opacity: 0.8; }
      100% { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-16px); }
    }

    /* Guard Cell Transitions */
    .guard-left, .guard-right {
      transition: transform 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
      transform-origin: 200px 315px;
    }

    .is-closed .guard-left {
      transform: translateX(11px) scaleX(0.88);
    }

    .is-closed .guard-right {
      transform: translateX(-11px) scaleX(0.88);
    }

    .transpiration-stream {
      transition: opacity 0.35s ease;
    }

    .is-closed .transpiration-stream {
      opacity: 0;
      pointer-events: none;
    }

    .status-badge {
      transition: fill 0.3s ease;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="toolbar" role="group" aria-label="Stoma state">
    <button class="toggle-btn active" id="btnOpen" onclick="setState(true)">Turgid (Open)</button>
    <button class="toggle-btn" id="btnClosed" onclick="setState(false)">Flaccid (Closed)</button>
  </div>

  
  <svg id="diagram" class="diagram-svg" viewBox="0 0 400 365" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <defs>
      
      <linearGradient id="xylemGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
        <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0284c7" />
        <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#38bdf8" />
      </linearGradient>

      <radialGradient id="waterVaporGrad" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="50%">
        <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#bae6fd" stop-opacity="0.9" />
        <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0284c7" stop-opacity="0" />
      </radialGradient>

      <marker id="arrow" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="5" markerHeight="5" orient="auto-start-reverse">
        <path d="M 0 1 L 10 5 L 0 9 z" fill="#0284c7" />
      </marker>

      <marker id="ptrDot" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="5" refY="5" markerWidth="4" markerHeight="4">
        <circle cx="5" cy="5" r="4" fill="#1e2945" />
      </marker>
    </defs>

    
    <rect x="20" y="66" width="360" height="230" rx="14" fill="#f0fdf4" stroke="#dcfce7" stroke-width="2" />

    
    <g id="xylem-group">
      <rect x="20" y="10" width="360" height="48" rx="10" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="2" />
      
      <text x="32" y="27" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#0369a1">Leaf Xylem (Water)</text>
      
      <path d="M 30 42 Q 110 35 200 42 T 370 42" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
      
      
      <path d="M 120 45 L 120 68" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2" marker-end="url(#arrow)" />
      <path d="M 280 45 L 280 68" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2" marker-end="url(#arrow)" />
    </g>

    
    <g id="mesophyll-cells">
      
      <ellipse cx="90" cy="112" rx="42" ry="30" fill="#86efac" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="3" />
      <ellipse cx="90" cy="112" rx="36" ry="24" fill="#4ade80" />
      
      
      <ellipse cx="200" cy="98" rx="46" ry="28" fill="#86efac" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="3" />
      <ellipse cx="200" cy="98" rx="40" ry="22" fill="#4ade80" />

      
      <ellipse cx="310" cy="112" rx="42" ry="30" fill="#86efac" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="3" />
      <ellipse cx="310" cy="112" rx="36" ry="24" fill="#4ade80" />

      
      <ellipse cx="110" cy="202" rx="40" ry="32" fill="#86efac" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="3" />
      <ellipse cx="110" cy="202" rx="34" ry="26" fill="#4ade80" />

      
      <ellipse cx="290" cy="202" rx="40" ry="32" fill="#86efac" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="3" />
      <ellipse cx="290" cy="202" rx="34" ry="26" fill="#4ade80" />

      <text x="200" y="103" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#14532d">Spongy Mesophyll</text>
    </g>

    
    <g class="transpiration-stream" fill="#0284c7" font-size="11" font-weight="600">
      <circle class="vapor-bubble" cx="160" cy="160" r="4" fill="#38bdf8" />
      <circle class="vapor-bubble" cx="240" cy="155" r="5" fill="#38bdf8" />
      <circle class="vapor-bubble" cx="200" cy="175" r="3.5" fill="#38bdf8" />
      <text x="200" y="148" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0284c7" font-size="12" font-weight="700">Evaporation into Air Space</text>
    </g>

    
    <g class="transpiration-stream">
      <path class="flow-line" d="M 120 145 C 145 195 185 215 195 282" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2.5" />
      <path class="flow-line" d="M 280 145 C 255 195 215 215 205 282" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2.5" />
      <path class="flow-line" d="M 200 180 L 200 338" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="3.5" marker-end="url(#arrow)" />
    </g>

    
    <g fill="#bbf7d0" stroke="#86efac" stroke-width="2">
      
      <path d="M 20 294 L 135 294 C 145 294 150 320 140 325 L 20 325 Z" />
      
      <path d="M 380 294 L 265 294 C 255 294 250 320 260 325 L 380 325 Z" />
    </g>

    
    
    <path class="guard-left" d="M 172 288 C 148 291 145 330 172 333 C 184 325 184 296 172 288 Z" 
          fill="#22c55e" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="2.5" />
    
    <path class="guard-left" d="M 172 291 C 182 301 182 320 172 330" 
          fill="none" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round" />

    
    <path class="guard-right" d="M 228 288 C 252 291 255 330 228 333 C 216 325 216 296 228 288 Z" 
          fill="#22c55e" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="2.5" />
    
    <path class="guard-right" d="M 228 291 C 218 301 218 320 228 330" 
          fill="none" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round" />

    
    
    <text x="35" y="314" font-size="12" font-weight="600" fill="#1e2945">Guard Cell</text>
    <path d="M 98 310 L 155 310" stroke="#1e2945" stroke-width="1.2" marker-end="url(#ptrDot)" />

    
    <text x="328" y="314" font-size="12" font-weight="600" fill="#1e2945">Stoma</text>
    <path d="M 324 310 L 202 310" stroke="#1e2945" stroke-width="1.2" marker-end="url(#ptrDot)" />

    
    <text id="statusText" x="200" y="354" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#0284c7">
      Water Vapor Exits →
    </text>
  </svg>

  <script>
    function setState(isOpen) {
      const diagram = document.getElementById('diagram');
      const btnOpen = document.getElementById('btnOpen');
      const btnClosed = document.getElementById('btnClosed');
      const statusText = document.getElementById('statusText');

      if (isOpen) {
        diagram.classList.remove('is-closed');
        btnOpen.classList.add('active');
        btnClosed.classList.remove('active');
        statusText.textContent = 'Water Vapor Exits →';
        statusText.setAttribute('fill', '#0284c7');
      } else {
        diagram.classList.add('is-closed');
        btnClosed.classList.add('active');
        btnOpen.classList.remove('active');
        statusText.textContent = 'Stoma Closed (Vapor Retained)';
        statusText.setAttribute('fill', '#64748b');
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e2945;
      width: 100%;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 8px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    /* Navigation Pills */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 6px;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }
    .pill-btn {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      border-radius: 9999px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
    }
    .pill-btn:hover {
      background: #e2e8f0;
    }
    .pill-btn.active {
      background: #0284c7;
      border-color: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
    }

    /* Diagram Canvas */
    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      position: relative;
    }
    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Structural highlighting */
    .part {
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease, filter 0.3s ease;
    }
    .dimmed {
      opacity: 0.2 !important;
    }
    .highlighted {
      opacity: 1 !important;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 0 5px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.8));
    }

    /* Particle Flow Animations */
    @keyframes flowWater {
      0% { transform: translate(0, 0); opacity: 0; }
      30% { opacity: 0.9; }
      80% { opacity: 0.9; }
      100% { transform: translate(-36px, 0); opacity: 0; }
    }
    @keyframes flowWaterVert {
      0% { transform: translate(0, 0); opacity: 0; }
      30% { opacity: 0.9; }
      80% { opacity: 0.9; }
      100% { transform: translate(0, 30px); opacity: 0; }
    }
    @keyframes flowWaterUp {
      0% { transform: translate(0, 0); opacity: 0; }
      30% { opacity: 0.9; }
      80% { opacity: 0.9; }
      100% { transform: translate(0, -30px); opacity: 0; }
    }
    @keyframes flowIon {
      0% { transform: translate(0, 0); opacity: 0; }
      30% { opacity: 1; }
      80% { opacity: 1; }
      100% { transform: translate(-28px, 0); opacity: 0; }
    }
    @keyframes atpPulse {
      0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0.8; }
      50% { transform: scale(1.2); opacity: 1; }
    }

    .p-water-h { animation: flowWater 2.4s infinite linear; }
    .p-water-v { animation: flowWaterVert 2.4s infinite linear; }
    .p-water-u { animation: flowWaterUp 2.4s infinite linear; }
    .p-ion { animation: flowIon 2.8s infinite ease-in-out; }
    .atp-star { transform-origin: center; animation: atpPulse 2s infinite ease-in-out; }

    .stagger-1 { animation-delay: 0.6s; }
    .stagger-2 { animation-delay: 1.2s; }
    .stagger-3 { animation-delay: 1.8s; }

    /* Explanation Banner */
    .info-box {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      min-height: 38px;
      margin-top: 6px;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-left: 3px solid #0284c7;
      border-radius: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #1e2945;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

    /* Legend Badges */
    .legend-bar {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 8px;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      margin-top: 6px;
    }
    .badge {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }
    .badge-icon {
      width: 8px;
      height: 8px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      display: inline-block;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="pill-btn active" onclick="selectAdaptation('overview')">Overview</button>
    <button class="pill-btn" onclick="selectAdaptation('sav')">High SA:V Ratio</button>
    <button class="pill-btn" onclick="selectAdaptation('wall')">Thin Cell Wall</button>
    <button class="pill-btn" onclick="selectAdaptation('vacuole')">Concentrated Vacuole</button>
    <button class="pill-btn" onclick="selectAdaptation('mitochondria')">Mitochondria & ATP</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="svg-container">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 600 320">
      <defs>
        
        <linearGradient id="soilGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="100%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#8c6248"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#674430"/>
        </linearGradient>
        <linearGradient id="cytoplasmGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fef08a"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#fef9c3"/>
        </linearGradient>
        <linearGradient id="vacuoleGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#bae6fd"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#e0f2fe"/>
        </linearGradient>
      </defs>

      
      <g id="soil-layer" class="part">
        
        
        <path d="M 180,25 Q 220,10 260,28 T 330,20 Q 350,45 330,70 T 260,75 Q 200,80 180,45 Z" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="8" stroke-opacity="0.45"/>
        <path d="M 180,25 Q 220,10 260,28 T 330,20 Q 350,45 330,70 T 260,75 Q 200,80 180,45 Z" fill="url(#soilGrad)"/>

        <path d="M 370,15 Q 430,5 480,25 T 530,65 Q 510,95 460,85 T 390,75 Q 360,50 370,15 Z" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="8" stroke-opacity="0.45"/>
        <path d="M 370,15 Q 430,5 480,25 T 530,65 Q 510,95 460,85 T 390,75 Q 360,50 370,15 Z" fill="url(#soilGrad)"/>

        
        <path d="M 170,260 Q 230,240 280,255 T 340,290 Q 320,315 270,315 T 190,305 Q 160,285 170,260 Z" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="8" stroke-opacity="0.45"/>
        <path d="M 170,260 Q 230,240 280,255 T 340,290 Q 320,315 270,315 T 190,305 Q 160,285 170,260 Z" fill="url(#soilGrad)"/>

        <path d="M 370,250 Q 440,235 490,260 T 540,300 Q 490,320 430,310 T 360,290 Q 350,265 370,250 Z" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="8" stroke-opacity="0.45"/>
        <path d="M 370,250 Q 440,235 490,260 T 540,300 Q 490,320 430,310 T 360,290 Q 350,265 370,250 Z" fill="url(#soilGrad)"/>

        
        <path d="M 520,130 Q 560,110 590,140 T 580,210 Q 540,225 520,195 T 520,130 Z" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="8" stroke-opacity="0.45"/>
        <path d="M 520,130 Q 560,110 590,140 T 580,210 Q 540,225 520,195 T 520,130 Z" fill="url(#soilGrad)"/>

        
        <text x="245" y="48" font-size="12" fill="#f8fafc" font-weight="600" text-anchor="middle">Soil Particle</text>
        <text x="445" y="50" font-size="12" fill="#f8fafc" font-weight="600" text-anchor="middle">Soil Particle</text>
        <text x="450" y="285" font-size="12" fill="#f8fafc" font-weight="600" text-anchor="middle">Soil Particle</text>
        <text x="355" y="60" font-size="11" fill="#0284c7" font-weight="700">Water Film</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="cell-body-group" class="part">
        
        <path id="wall-path" d="M 120,20 L 120,120 L 485,120 A 40,40 0 0 1 485,200 L 120,200 L 120,300 L 15,300 L 15,20 Z" 
              fill="#ecfccb" stroke="#65a30d" stroke-width="3"/>

        
        <path d="M 122,23 L 122,123 L 484,123 A 37,37 0 0 1 484,197 L 122,197 L 122,297 L 18,297 L 18,23 Z" 
              fill="url(#cytoplasmGrad)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 1"/>

        
        <g id="carrier-proteins" class="part">
          <rect x="230" y="118" width="14" height="6" rx="2" fill="#16a34a"/>
          <rect x="360" y="118" width="14" height="6" rx="2" fill="#16a34a"/>
          <rect x="480" y="145" width="6" height="14" rx="2" fill="#16a34a"/>
          <rect x="300" y="196" width="14" height="6" rx="2" fill="#16a34a"/>
          <rect x="420" y="196" width="14" height="6" rx="2" fill="#16a34a"/>
        </g>
      </g>

      
      <g id="vacuole-group" class="part">
        <path d="M 90,40 L 90,135 L 460,135 A 25,25 0 0 1 460,185 L 90,185 L 90,280 L 35,280 L 35,40 Z" 
              fill="url(#vacuoleGrad)" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        
        
        <g fill="#0369a1" opacity="0.8">
          <circle cx="50" cy="80" r="3.5"/><circle cx="70" cy="110" r="3.5"/><circle cx="45" cy="160" r="3.5"/>
          <circle cx="65" cy="220" r="3.5"/><circle cx="50" cy="255" r="3.5"/>
          <circle cx="150" cy="150" r="3.5"/><circle cx="180" cy="170" r="3.5"/><circle cx="210" cy="148" r="3.5"/>
          <circle cx="250" cy="165" r="3.5"/><circle cx="290" cy="148" r="3.5"/><circle cx="330" cy="168" r="3.5"/>
          <circle cx="370" cy="152" r="3.5"/><circle cx="410" cy="166" r="3.5"/><circle cx="445" cy="155" r="3.5"/>
        </g>
        <text x="270" y="163" font-size="12" fill="#0369a1" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Central Vacuole (Low Ψ)</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="nucleus-group" class="part">
        <ellipse cx="60" cy="70" rx="22" ry="18" fill="#a855f7" opacity="0.3" stroke="#7e22ce" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <circle cx="60" cy="70" r="7" fill="#6b21a8"/>
        <text x="60" y="74" font-size="10" fill="#ffffff" font-weight="600" text-anchor="middle">Nucleus</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="mitochondria-group" class="part">
        
        <g transform="translate(98, 95) rotate(30)">
          <rect x="-14" y="-8" width="28" height="16" rx="8" fill="#d97706" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <path d="M -8,-5 Q -4,0 -8,5 M -2,-5 Q 2,0 -2,5 M 4,-5 Q 8,0 4,5" stroke="#fef3c7" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
        </g>
        
        <g transform="translate(200, 188) rotate(-10)">
          <rect x="-14" y="-8" width="28" height="16" rx="8" fill="#d97706" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <path d="M -8,-5 Q -4,0 -8,5 M -2,-5 Q 2,0 -2,5 M 4,-5 Q 8,0 4,5" stroke="#fef3c7" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
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        <g transform="translate(435, 130) rotate(15)">
          <rect x="-14" y="-8" width="28" height="16" rx="8" fill="#d97706" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <path d="M -8,-5 Q -4,0 -8,5 M -2,-5 Q 2,0 -2,5 M 4,-5 Q 8,0 4,5" stroke="#fef3c7" stroke-width="1.2" fill="none"/>
        </g>
        
        <g class="atp-star" transform="translate(230, 185)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#fbbf24"/>
          <text x="0" y="3" font-size="7" font-weight="900" fill="#78350f" text-anchor="middle">ATP</text>
        </g>
        <g class="atp-star" transform="translate(425, 126)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#fbbf24"/>
          <text x="0" y="3" font-size="7" font-weight="900" fill="#78350f" text-anchor="middle">ATP</text>
        </g>
      </g>

      
      
      <g id="water-particles" class="part" fill="#0284c7">
        
        <g transform="translate(270, 95)"><circle class="p-water-v" cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5"/></g>
        <g transform="translate(270, 95)"><circle class="p-water-v stagger-2" cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5"/></g>
        <g transform="translate(400, 95)"><circle class="p-water-v stagger-1" cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5"/></g>

        
        <g transform="translate(525, 160)"><circle class="p-water-h" cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5"/></g>
        <g transform="translate(525, 160)"><circle class="p-water-h stagger-2" cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5"/></g>

        
        <g transform="translate(340, 225)"><circle class="p-water-u" cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5"/></g>
        <g transform="translate(340, 225)"><circle class="p-water-u stagger-1" cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5"/></g>
        <g transform="translate(460, 225)"><circle class="p-water-u stagger-3" cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5"/></g>
      </g>

      
      <g id="ion-particles" class="part" fill="#16a34a">
        
        <g transform="translate(242, 110)"><circle class="p-ion" cx="0" cy="0" r="4"/></g>
        <g transform="translate(242, 110)"><circle class="p-ion stagger-2" cx="0" cy="0" r="4"/></g>

        <g transform="translate(372, 110)"><circle class="p-ion stagger-1" cx="0" cy="0" r="4"/></g>
        <g transform="translate(372, 110)"><circle class="p-ion stagger-3" cx="0" cy="0" r="4"/></g>

        <g transform="translate(312, 210)"><circle class="p-ion stagger-2" cx="0" cy="0" r="4"/></g>
        <g transform="translate(432, 210)"><circle class="p-ion" cx="0" cy="0" r="4"/></g>
      </g>

      
      <g font-size="11" font-weight="600" fill="#475569">
        <text x="32" y="16" fill="#166534">Thin Cell Wall</text>
        <text x="325" y="222" fill="#d97706">Mitochondria</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  
  <div id="info-text" class="info-box">
    Root hair cells possess specialized adaptations that maximize the absorption of water and mineral ions.
  </div>

  
  <div class="legend-bar">
    <span class="badge"><span class="badge-icon" style="background:#0284c7;"></span>Water (Osmosis)</span>
    <span class="badge"><span class="badge-icon" style="background:#16a34a;"></span>Mineral Ions (Active Transport)</span>
    <span class="badge"><span class="badge-icon" style="background:#d97706;"></span>ATP Energy</span>
    <span class="badge"><span class="badge-icon" style="background:#8c6248;"></span>Soil Film</span>
  </div>

  <script>
    const descriptions = {
      overview: "Root hair cells possess specialized adaptations that maximize the absorption of water and mineral ions.",
      sav: "Long tubular extension provides a massive surface-area-to-volume ratio for rapid uptake.",
      wall: "Extremely thin cellulose cell wall creates a very short diffusion distance for water & minerals.",
      vacuole: "High solute concentration inside vacuole lowers water potential (Ψ), driving osmosis inward.",
      mitochondria: "Abundant mitochondria generate ATP to pump mineral ions against concentration gradients."
    };

    function selectAdaptation(type) {
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      // Update Explanation Banner
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      infoEl.textContent = descriptions[type] || descriptions.overview;

      // Group elements
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      const wallPath = document.getElementById('wall-path');
      const vacuole = document.getElementById('vacuole-group');
      const mito = document.getElementById('mitochondria-group');
      const soil = document.getElementById('soil-layer');
      const nucleus = document.getElementById('nucleus-group');
      const waterParticles = document.getElementById('water-particles');
      const ionParticles = document.getElementById('ion-particles');

      const allParts = [cellBody, vacuole, mito, soil, nucleus, waterParticles, ionParticles];
      allParts.forEach(el => {
        if (el) el.className.baseVal = 'part';
      });
      wallPath.style.stroke = '#65a30d';
      wallPath.style.strokeWidth = '3';

      if (type === 'sav') {
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        mito.classList.add('dimmed');
        nucleus.classList.add('dimmed');
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        wallPath.style.strokeWidth = '5';
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        nucleus.classList.add('dimmed');
        ionParticles.classList.add('dimmed');
        vacuole.classList.add('highlighted');
        waterParticles.classList.add('highlighted');
      } else if (type === 'mitochondria') {
        soil.classList.add('dimmed');
        waterParticles.classList.add('dimmed');
        vacuole.classList.add('dimmed');
        nucleus.classList.add('dimmed');
        mito.classList.add('highlighted');
        ionParticles.classList.add('highlighted');
      }
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</body>
</html>

OGS.10.OP.1

Aligned learning resources

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