OGS.10.OP
Open Global Science Standards 2026™ · 9th Grade
Organismal Physiology, Body Systems, Homeostasis, and Pathophysiology
Grade9th Grade
SubjectScience
Levelstrand
Child standards (6)
- OGS.10.OP.1Describe plant anatomy and physiology, including root absorption, xylem and phloem transport, transpiration stream, stomatal mechanics, flower and seed structures, and tropisms.
- OGS.10.OP.2Analyze the human circulatory and gas exchange systems, explaining how heart structure, vascular anatomy (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood components (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma) are specialized for mass transport.
- OGS.10.OP.3Explain nervous coordination, sensory reception, and rapid reflexive response pathways (reflex arc), and analyze autonomic stimulus-response mechanisms in humans and animals.
- OGS.10.OP.4Explain hormonal coordination and negative feedback mechanisms in homeostatic control, including blood glucose regulation (insulin and glucagon), metabolic basal rate regulation (thyroxine and adrenaline), osmoregulation, and thermoregulation.
- OGS.10.OP.5Describe the hormonal control of human reproduction and the menstrual cycle (FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone), and evaluate reproductive technologies, contraception, and demographic impacts of family planning.
- OGS.10.OP.6Distinguish between communicable diseases (caused by viral, bacterial, fungal, and protist pathogens) and non-communicable diseases, describe the immune system and non-specific physical/chemical barriers, and evaluate vaccines, antibiotics, and drug development trials.