<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      padding: 10px;
      min-height: 100%;
      user-select: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
    }
    .nav-bar {
      display: flex;
      gap: 6px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
      justify-content: center;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }
    .phase-tab {
      flex: 1;
      padding: 6px 4px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-align: center;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      color: #64748b;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    }
    .phase-tab.active {
      background: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #2563eb;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.25);
    }
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      flex: 1;
      align-items: stretch;
    }
    .phase-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px solid transparent;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 8px 4px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
    }
    .phase-card.active {
      border-color: #3b82f6;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
    }
    .card-title {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 800;
      color: #1e2945;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
    }
    .svg-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      height: 140px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }
    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      overflow: visible;
    }
    .badge-group {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 4px;
      width: 100%;
      padding: 0 4px;
    }
    .badge {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 3px 4px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 1.2;
    }
    .badge-dna {
      background: #eff6ff;
      color: #1d4ed8;
    }
    .badge-centrosome {
      background: #fef3c7;
      color: #b45309;
    }
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 12px;
      margin-top: 8px;
    }
    .ctrl-btn {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 20px;
      padding: 4px 12px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #334155;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .ctrl-btn:active {
      background: #f1f5f9;
    }
    .dots {
      display: flex;
      gap: 6px;
    }
    .dot {
      width: 10px;
      height: 10px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: #cbd5e1;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: background 0.2s;
    }
    .dot.active {
      background: #2563eb;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="nav-bar">
    <button class="phase-tab active" id="tab0" onclick="setPhase(0)">G₁ Phase</button>
    <button class="phase-tab" id="tab1" onclick="setPhase(1)">S Phase</button>
    <button class="phase-tab" id="tab2" onclick="setPhase(2)">G₂ Phase</button>
  </div>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="phase-card active" id="card0" onclick="setPhase(0)">
      <div class="card-title">G₁</div>
      <div class="svg-wrap">
        <svg viewBox="-60 -60 120 120">
          
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="42" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2.5" />
          
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="26" fill="#ede9fe" stroke="#7c3aed" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="3,2" />
          
          
          <path d="M -12 -10 Q -6 -16 0 -10 Q 6 -4 14 -10" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
          
          <path d="M -14 8 Q -4 0 4 10 Q 10 16 12 8" fill="none" stroke="#db2777" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
          
          <g transform="translate(26, -26)">
            <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="4" fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.5" />
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="badge-group">
        <div class="badge badge-dna">1× DNA</div>
        <div class="badge badge-centrosome">1 Centrosome</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="phase-card" id="card1" onclick="setPhase(1)">
      <div class="card-title">S</div>
      <div class="svg-wrap">
        <svg viewBox="-60 -60 120 120">
          
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="48" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2.5" />
          
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="30" fill="#ede9fe" stroke="#7c3aed" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="3,2" />
          
          
          <path d="M -14 -14 Q -6 -20 0 -14 Q 4 -10 14 -16" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" />
          <path d="M -14 -10 Q -6 -16 0 -10 Q 6 -4 14 -11" fill="none" stroke="#60a5fa" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" />
          
          <path d="M -15 8 Q -6 0 2 10 Q 8 16 14 7" fill="none" stroke="#db2777" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" />
          <path d="M -13 12 Q -4 4 4 14 Q 10 20 16 11" fill="none" stroke="#f472b6" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" />
          
          <g transform="translate(30, -30)">
            <circle cx="-3" cy="0" r="3.5" fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.2" />
            <circle cx="4" cy="-2" r="3.5" fill="#fbbf24" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.2" />
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="badge-group">
        <div class="badge badge-dna">Replicating DNA</div>
        <div class="badge badge-centrosome">Duplicating</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="phase-card" id="card2" onclick="setPhase(2)">
      <div class="card-title">G₂</div>
      <div class="svg-wrap">
        <svg viewBox="-60 -60 120 120">
          
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="56" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2.5" />
          
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="35" fill="#ede9fe" stroke="#7c3aed" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="3,2" />
          
          
          <g transform="translate(-4, -14)">
            <path d="M -12 -8 L 12 8" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <path d="M -12 8 L 12 -8" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2.5" fill="#1e3a8a" />
          </g>
          
          <g transform="translate(4, 14)">
            <path d="M -12 -8 L 12 8" stroke="#db2777" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <path d="M -12 8 L 12 -8" stroke="#db2777" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2.5" fill="#831843" />
          </g>
          
          <g transform="translate(36, -34)">
            <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="4" fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.5" />
          </g>
          <g transform="translate(24, -44)">
            <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="4" fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.5" />
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="badge-group">
        <div class="badge badge-dna">2× DNA (Pairs)</div>
        <div class="badge badge-centrosome">2 Centrosomes</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="controls">
    <button class="ctrl-btn" id="playBtn" onclick="togglePlay()">
      <span id="playIcon">⏸</span> Auto
    </button>
    <div class="dots">
      <div class="dot active" id="dot0" onclick="setPhase(0)"></div>
      <div class="dot" id="dot1" onclick="setPhase(1)"></div>
      <div class="dot" id="dot2" onclick="setPhase(2)"></div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    let currentStep = 0;
    let isPlaying = true;
    let timer = null;

    function updateUI() {
      for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        const isActive = i === currentStep;
        document.getElementById(`tab${i}`).classList.toggle('active', isActive);
        document.getElementById(`card${i}`).classList.toggle('active', isActive);
        document.getElementById(`dot${i}`).classList.toggle('active', isActive);
      }
    }

    function setPhase(index) {
      currentStep = index;
      updateUI();
    }

    function nextPhase() {
      currentStep = (currentStep + 1) % 3;
      updateUI();
    }

    function togglePlay() {
      isPlaying = !isPlaying;
      document.getElementById('playIcon').textContent = isPlaying ? '⏸' : '▶';
      if (isPlaying) {
        startTimer();
      } else {
        clearInterval(timer);
      }
    }

    function startTimer() {
      clearInterval(timer);
      timer = setInterval(() => {
        if (isPlaying) nextPhase();
      }, 3000);
    }

    startTimer();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Stages of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle: Interphase and Checkpoints

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="1:1">
  <title>Cell Cycle Checkpoints</title>
  <script src="{{VENDOR_CDN}}/classace-diagram.js"></script>
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
    }

    body {
      width: 100%;
      min-height: 100%;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }

    /* Tabs / Step navigation */
    .nav-tabs {
      display: flex;
      gap: 6px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 420px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }

    .tab-btn {
      flex: 1;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #64748b;
      padding: 8px 4px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      cursor: pointer;
      text-align: center;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }

    .tab-btn.active {
      background: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
    }

    /* Inspection Station Display */
    .station-panel {
      position: relative;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 420px;
      height: 250px;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      overflow: hidden;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
    }

    .card-view {
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      padding: 14px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: space-between;
      opacity: 0;
      pointer-events: none;
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
    }

    .card-view.active {
      opacity: 1;
      pointer-events: auto;
    }

    .card-header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      padding-bottom: 8px;
    }

    .card-title {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 800;
      color: #0f172a;
    }

    .phase-tag {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 999px;
    }

    .criteria-list {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 6px;
      margin: 8px 0;
    }

    .criterion {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #334155;
      background: #f8fafc;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
    }

    .criterion-icon {
      font-size: 14px;
    }

    /* Status Banner / Result */
    .status-box {
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
    }

    .status-box.pass {
      background: #ecfdf5;
      border: 1px solid #a7f3d0;
      color: #065f46;
    }

    .status-box.fail {
      background: #fef2f2;
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
      color: #991b1b;
    }

    .status-left {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .status-symbol {
      width: 22px;
      height: 22px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 900;
    }

    .status-box.pass .status-symbol {
      background: #10b981;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    .status-box.fail .status-symbol {
      background: #ef4444;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    .action-text {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      opacity: 0.9;
    }

    /* Outcome Toggle Controls */
    .control-row {
      display: flex;
      gap: 10px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 420px;
      margin-top: 8px;
    }

    .outcome-btn {
      flex: 1;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      padding: 10px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      cursor: pointer;
      border: 1px solid transparent;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }

    .btn-test-pass {
      background: #f0fdf4;
      border-color: #86efac;
      color: #166534;
    }

    .btn-test-pass.selected {
      background: #16a34a;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #16a34a;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.3);
    }

    .btn-test-fail {
      background: #fef2f2;
      border-color: #fca5a5;
      color: #991b1b;
    }

    .btn-test-fail.selected {
      background: #dc2626;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #dc2626;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.3);
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="nav-tabs">
    <button class="tab-btn active" id="tab0">G₁ / S</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" id="tab1">G₂ / M</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" id="tab2">Spindle (M)</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="station-panel">
    
    <div class="card-view active" id="card0">
      <div class="card-header">
        <span class="card-title">G₁ / S Checkpoint</span>
        <span class="phase-tag">Start Restriction</span>
      </div>
      <div class="criteria-list">
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">📏</span> Cell size &amp; nutrients</div>
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">🧬</span> DNA undamaged</div>
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">🧪</span> Growth factors present</div>
      </div>
      <div class="status-box pass" id="status0">
        <div class="status-left">
          <div class="status-symbol">✓</div>
          <span class="status-title">PASS</span>
        </div>
        <span class="action-text">Proceed to S Phase →</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="card-view" id="card1">
      <div class="card-header">
        <span class="card-title">G₂ / M Checkpoint</span>
        <span class="phase-tag">Mitosis Entry</span>
      </div>
      <div class="criteria-list">
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">🧬</span> Full DNA replication</div>
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">🛡️</span> Zero uncopied breaks</div>
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">⚡</span> Mutation repair complete</div>
      </div>
      <div class="status-box pass" id="status1">
        <div class="status-left">
          <div class="status-symbol">✓</div>
          <span class="status-title">PASS</span>
        </div>
        <span class="action-text">Enter Mitosis (M) →</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="card-view" id="card2">
      <div class="card-header">
        <span class="card-title">Spindle Checkpoint</span>
        <span class="phase-tag">Metaphase</span>
      </div>
      <div class="criteria-list">
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">🎯</span> Microtubules aligned</div>
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">🔗</span> All kinetochores attached</div>
        <div class="criterion"><span class="criterion-icon">⚖️</span> Equal tension applied</div>
      </div>
      <div class="status-box pass" id="status2">
        <div class="status-left">
          <div class="status-symbol">✓</div>
          <span class="status-title">PASS</span>
        </div>
        <span class="action-text">Proceed to Anaphase →</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="control-row">
    <button class="outcome-btn btn-test-pass selected" id="btnPass">
      <span>✓</span> PASS Condition
    </button>
    <button class="outcome-btn btn-test-fail" id="btnFail">
      <span>✕</span> FAIL Condition
    </button>
  </div>

  <script>
    let activeCard = 0;
    const states = [true, true, true]; // true = PASS, false = FAIL

    const passOutcomes = [
      { status: 'PASS', text: 'Proceed to S Phase →' },
      { status: 'PASS', text: 'Enter Mitosis (M) →' },
      { status: 'PASS', text: 'Proceed to Anaphase →' }
    ];

    const failOutcomes = [
      { status: 'FAIL', text: 'Pause: G₀ or Apoptosis ✕' },
      { status: 'FAIL', text: 'Pause: Repair DNA ✕' },
      { status: 'FAIL', text: 'Pause: Await Attachment ✕' }
    ];

    function updateCardUI(index) {
      const isPassing = states[index];
      const statusEl = $(`status${index}`);
      const symbolEl = statusEl.querySelector('.status-symbol');
      const titleEl = statusEl.querySelector('.status-title');
      const textEl = statusEl.querySelector('.action-text');

      if (isPassing) {
        statusEl.className = 'status-box pass';
        symbolEl.textContent = '✓';
        titleEl.textContent = passOutcomes[index].status;
        textEl.textContent = passOutcomes[index].text;
      } else {
        statusEl.className = 'status-box fail';
        symbolEl.textContent = '✕';
        titleEl.textContent = failOutcomes[index].status;
        textEl.textContent = failOutcomes[index].text;
      }

      // Update test buttons
      if (isPassing) {
        $('#btnPass').classList.add('selected');
        $('#btnFail').classList.remove('selected');
      } else {
        $('#btnPass').classList.remove('selected');
        $('#btnFail').classList.add('selected');
      }
    }

    function selectTab(index) {
      activeCard = index;
      [0, 1, 2].forEach(i => {
        $(`tab${i}`).classList.toggle('active', i === index);
        $(`card${i}`).classList.toggle('active', i === index);
      });
      updateCardUI(index);
    }

    [0, 1, 2].forEach(i => {
      onTap($(`tab${i}`), () => selectTab(i));
    });

    onTap($('#btnPass'), () => {
      states[activeCard] = true;
      updateCardUI(activeCard);
    });

    onTap($('#btnFail'), () => {
      states[activeCard] = false;
      updateCardUI(activeCard);
    });

    // Auto-cycle through checkpoints quietly every 4.5s unless clicked
    const player = new StepPlayer('.card-view', {
      interval: 4500,
      onChange: (idx) => selectTab(idx)
    });
    player.start();

    // Pause auto-rotation when user interacts
    ['btnPass', 'btnFail', 'tab0', 'tab1', 'tab2'].forEach(id => {
      onTap($(id), () => player.pause());
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: transparent;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
      min-height: 100vh;
      padding: 10px 8px;
      user-select: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
    }

    .diagram-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 360px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      position: relative;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    .sector {
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease, filter 0.25s ease;
    }
    .sector:hover {
      filter: brightness(1.08) drop-shadow(0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.18));
    }
    .sector.dimmed {
      opacity: 0.3;
    }

    .checkpoint-node {
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: filter 0.2s ease;
    }
    .checkpoint-node:hover {
      filter: brightness(1.15) drop-shadow(0 0 6px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.7));
    }

    .nav-pills {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 5px;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
      margin-top: 4px;
    }

    .pill-btn {
      appearance: none;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #f8fafc;
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      font-weight: 600;
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      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
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    .pill-btn:hover {
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    <div class="info-card">
      <div class="info-badge" id="infoBadge" style="background:#0ea5e9;">G₁</div>
      <div class="info-text-box">
        <div class="info-title" id="infoTitle">G₁ Phase (Growth 1)</div>
        <div class="info-desc" id="infoDesc">Cell grows rapidly & duplicates cellular organelles.</div>
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</html>

Cell Structure: Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells

Sub-cellular Structures in Animal Cells

Comparing Plant and Animal Cell Structures

Bacterial Cell Organisation and Plasmids

Specialised Animal Cells and Their Functions

Specialised Plant Cells and Their Functions

science

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structures

Prokaryotic Cell Ultrastructure: Plasmids, Capsule, and Flagella

Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes: Comprehensive Comparison

Virus Structure: Capsid, Attachment Proteins, and Genetic Material

Binary Fission in Prokaryotes and Viral Replication Cycles

Prokaryotic Ultrastructure and Viruses

Chromosomes and the Stages of the Cell Cycle

Mitosis: One Cell Becomes Two

Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division

Benign and Malignant Tumours, Metastasis, and Risk Factors

The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Cancer

Cell Differentiation in Developing Organisms

Stem Cells: Unspecialized Cells With Potential

Therapeutic Cloning and Medical Applications of Stem Cells

Stem Cell Research: Benefits and Concerns

Meiosis: Producing Gametes

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis

Stem Cells, Differentiation, and Meiosis

Nucleotide Structure: Pentose, Phosphate, and Nitrogenous Base

DNA Double Helix Structure and Antiparallel Strands

RNA Structure and Comparison with DNA

Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Ribosomal RNA

ATP Structure and Energy Release via Hydrolysis

ATP Synthesis and Phosphorylation of Metabolites

Semi-Conservative DNA Replication Mechanism

Experimental Evidence for Semi-Conservative Replication: Meselson and Stahl

Nucleic Acids, ATP, and DNA Replication

Ciclo celular: mitosis y regulación

Mecanismos de reproducción asexual: bipartición, gemación y esporulación

Propagación vegetativa y clonación natural en plantas

Reproducción asexual en animales: fragmentación y partenogénesis

Ventajas y desventajas evolutivas de la reproducción asexual

Reproducción asexual: mecanismos y estrategias

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle: Interphase G1, S, and G2 Phases

Mitosis: Prophase, Chromosome Condensation, and Spindle Formation

Mitosis: Metaphase, Equatorial Alignment, and Kinetochores

Mitosis: Anaphase, Centromere Cleavage, and Chromatid Separation

Mitosis: Telophase and Cytokinesis in Animals and Plants

Calculating the Mitotic Index from Microscope Fields

Microscopic Identification of Mitotic Stages in Root Tips

Uncontrolled Mitosis: Oncogenes and Cancer Treatments

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Meiosis I: Homologous Pairs, Bivalents, and Reduction Division

Meiosis II: Sister Chromatid Separation and Haploid Gametes

Crossing Over, Chiasmata, and Recombination in Prophase I

Independent Segregation of Homologous Chromosomes

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis: Genetic Outcomes and Roles

Chromosome Non-Disjunction and Aneuploidy: Down's Syndrome

Meiosis and the Generation of Genetic Variation

The Genetic Code: Triplet, Degenerate, and Universal Nature

Genes, Loci, Exons, and Non-Coding Introns

Transcription in Eukaryotes: Pre-mRNA Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Modification and Splicing of Pre-mRNA

Translation: Ribosomal Assembly and tRNA Codon Recognition

Polypeptide Elongation and Termination During Translation

Gene Mutations: Substitutions, Insertions, and Deletions

How Mutations Alter Protein Tertiary Structure and Function

Universal Biochemical Code as Evidence for Evolution

Protein Synthesis, Gene Expression, and Mutation

Meiosis I y Meiosis II: reducción cromosómica

Entrecruzamiento cromosómico y segregación independiente

Gametogénesis: formación de espermatozoides y óvulos

Fecundación externa e interna en el reino animal

Reproducción sexual en angiospermas: polinización y doble fecundación

Variabilidad genética y resiliencia poblacional

La hipótesis de la Reina Roja y el mantenimiento del sexo

Reproducción sexual, meiosis y variabilidad genética

Semiconservative DNA Replication: Enzymes and Fork Dynamics

Phases of Mitosis: Prophase Through Telophase

Cytokinesis in Animal and Plant Cells

From Specialized Cells to Tissues: Levels of Organization

Environmental Risk Factors for Cancer

How Cancer Spreads: The Process of Metastasis

Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Differentiation, and Cancer

Why Cells Divide: Growth, Repair, and Reproduction

Overview of the Cell Cycle: Interphase and M Phase

G1 Phase: Cell Growth and Preparation

S Phase: When DNA Is Copied

DNA Replication Models: Conservative, Dispersive, and Semiconservative

The Semiconservative Model: Evidence and How It Works

DNA Replication Step 1: Unwinding and Unzipping the Helix

DNA Replication Step 2: Building New Strands with Polymerase

The Cell Cycle and DNA Replication

G2 Phase: Final Preparation Before Division

Mitosis: Prophase and Metaphase

Mitosis: Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis

Connecting the Cell Cycle to Organism Growth

Modeling the Cell Cycle: Creating a Visual Representation

Mitosis and Cell Division in Organism Growth

What Is Cell Differentiation?

From Zygote to Specialized Cells: The Journey of Development

Types of Stem Cells: Totipotent, Pluripotent, and Multipotent

Gene Expression: How the Same DNA Makes Different Cells

Environmental Factors That Influence Cell Differentiation

Case Study: Differentiation of Blood Cells

Case Study: Differentiation in Plant Cells

Comparing Cell Differentiation in Animals vs Plants

Cell Differentiation and Specialization

What Happens When the Cell Cycle Breaks Down?

Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Quality Control for Division

Mutations That Disrupt Cell Cycle Control

Oncogenes: When Growth Genes Go Wrong

Tumor Suppressor Genes: The Brakes on Cell Division

Cell Cycle Control and How It Breaks Down

How Tumors Form: The Result of Uncontrolled Division

Benign vs Malignant Tumors: What Is the Difference?

Cancer Treatments: Targeting the Cell Cycle

Beyond Cancer: Other Diseases From Cell Cycle Disruptions

Cancer Biology: Tumors, Spread, and Treatment

DNA: estrutura e função

Síntese de proteínas: transcrição e tradução

Leis de Mendel e hereditariedade

Genótipo e fenótipo: expressão gênica

Herança ligada ao sexo e mutações

Tecnologias do DNA e suas aplicações

Células-tronco e debates éticos

Genética e Biotecnologia: DNA, Hereditariedade e Ética

Interphase: Growth and DNA Synthesis

The Mitotic Phase: Chromosome Separation

Cytokinesis: Splitting the Cell

Modeling Cell Cycle Phases

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Cell Division

DNA Double Helix Structure

DNA Base Pairing Rules: A-T and G-C

DNA Replication Step 1: Unwinding and Unzipping

Evidence for Semi-Conservative Replication

DNA Structure and Replication

Crossing Over: Chiasmata and Recombination in Prophase I

Random Fertilisation and Genetic Variation Calculations

Life Cycles and Ploidy Transitions in Sexual Reproduction

Meiosis, Genetic Variation, and Ploidy

Meiosis: Producing Haploid Cells

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Outcomes

Distinguishing Hypotheses, Theories, and Laws

Advantages and Limitations of Scientific Models

Meiosis, Division Comparison, and Scientific Reasoning

Cell Specialization: Creating Diverse Cell Types

Cell Differentiation and Stem Cell Biology

Forming Tissues from Differentiated Cells

Hematopoiesis: Blood Cell Development

Plant Tissue Types and Specialization

Stem Cell Research and Ethics

Proposing Solutions Supported by Data and Models

Tissue Organization and Stem Cell Applications

Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Control Mechanisms

Loss of Cycle Control in Cancer

Tumor Types: Benign and Malignant Growth

DNA Mutations Leading to Uncontrolled Division

Proto-Oncogenes and Cancer Development

Tumor Suppressors: Guardians of the Genome

Cancer Treatment Approaches: Targeting the Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle Disruptions and Disease

Using Evidence to Support Scientific Claims

How Scientific Theories Develop and Change

Improving Designs Based on Test Data

Careers in Biology and Biotechnology

Science and Engineering Practices in Cancer Research

Tecnologias do DNA: benefícios e dilemas éticos

Neurotecnologias e suas implicações

Estratégias de controle de pragas e impactos

Tecnologias de defesa e ciência

Decisões éticas em ciência: argumentos e responsabilidades

Ética, Ciência e Tecnologia

OGS.10.CB.7

OGS.10.CB.7

Aligned learning resources

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