OGS.10.CB
Open Global Science Standards 2026™ · 9th Grade
Cellular Biology, Biomolecules, Cellular Transport, and Bioenergetics
Grade9th Grade
SubjectScience
Levelstrand
Child standards (7)
- OGS.10.CB.1Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular structures and ultrastructures, explain the evolutionary origins of cellular complexity, and prepare temporary mounts to examine cells and tissues using light and electron microscopy.
- OGS.10.CB.2Analyze the chemical structures, monomeric subunits, and biological functions of major biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and carry out biochemical tests to detect reducing sugars, starch, lipids, and peptide bonds.
- OGS.10.CB.3Investigate mechanisms of passive and active cellular transport (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport) across fluid mosaic plasma membranes, and quantify exchange rates using surface area to volume ratios.
- OGS.10.CB.4Explain the tertiary structure, specificity, active site dynamics, and catalytic mechanisms of enzymes, and investigate how temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration alter reaction kinetics.
- OGS.10.CB.5Analyze cellular respiration as an exothermic catabolic pathway, comparing aerobic respiration (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP generation) with anaerobic pathways and fermentation.
- OGS.10.CB.6Describe photosynthesis as an endothermic anabolic process (light-dependent reactions and light-independent Calvin cycle), investigate factors limiting photosynthetic rate (light intensity, carbon dioxide, temperature), and apply the inverse square law.
- OGS.10.CB.7Describe the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle, semiconservative DNA replication, and mitosis, explain how cell differentiation produces specialized tissues and stem cells, and relate cell cycle checkpoint disruptions to cancer.