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Override for the tutor's lesson content generation calls. Auto uses the system default (Claude Sonnet 5 for lesson text, Opus 5 for diagrams).

Lesson generation model

System default

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Tutoring abilities

Imagine your friend runs up to you and just shouts: **"Banana!"**

You would probably wonder: Did they eat a banana? Did they drop a banana? You are left guessing!

What makes our words make sense to other people?

A **sentence** is a group of words that shares a **complete idea**.

It paints a full picture in the listener's mind so nobody has to guess what you mean.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
<title>What Is a Sentence?</title>
<style>
  * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif; }
  body { background: transparent; color: #1e2945; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 100%; padding: 12px; }
  
  .diagram { width: 100%; max-width: 480px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; }
  
  .nav-row { display: flex; gap: 8px; justify-content: center; }
  .tab-btn { flex: 1; padding: 10px 6px; border: 2px solid #e2e8f0; background: #ffffff; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: #64748b; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.25s ease; text-align: center; }
  .tab-btn.active { border-color: #22b7ff; background: #f0f9ff; color: #0284c7; }
  
  .scene-card { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 16px; padding: 18px 16px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 16px; }
  
  .phrase-box { width: 100%; background: #f8fafc; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 12px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center; min-height: 52px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
  .highlight-who { color: #0284c7; }
  .highlight-did { color: #16a34a; }
  .missing { color: #94a3b8; border-bottom: 2px dashed #cbd5e1; padding: 0 4px; }
  
  .mind-canvas { width: 100%; height: 140px; background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, #ffffff 0%, #f1f5f9 100%); border-radius: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
  
  .thought-cloud { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 14px; transition: all 0.3s ease; }
  
  .pic-item { width: 68px; height: 68px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 36px; background: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.06); transition: all 0.3s ease; }
  .pic-item.unknown { border: 2px dashed #f59e0b; background: #fffbeb; color: #d97706; font-size: 30px; font-weight: bold; }
  
  .status-badge { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; padding: 6px 14px; border-radius: 20px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; }
  .status-incomplete { background: #fffbeb; color: #b45309; }
  .status-complete { background: #dcfce7; color: #15803d; }
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="diagram">
  <div class="nav-row">
    <button class="tab-btn active" onclick="setMode(0)">Missing Action</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" onclick="setMode(1)">Missing Who</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" onclick="setMode(2)">Full Sentence</button>
  </div>

  <div class="scene-card">
    <div class="phrase-box" id="phraseDisplay"></div>

    <div class="mind-canvas">
      <div class="thought-cloud" id="cloudDisplay"></div>
    </div>

    <div id="statusBadge" class="status-badge"></div>
  </div>
</div>

<script>
  const data = [
    {
      phrase: '<span class="highlight-who">The dog</span> <span class="missing">... ?</span>',
      items: [
        { icon: '🐕', type: 'known' },
        { icon: '❓', type: 'unknown' }
      ],
      status: 'Incomplete Idea',
      isComplete: false
    },
    {
      phrase: '<span class="missing">? ...</span> <span class="highlight-did">ran away.</span>',
      items: [
        { icon: '❓', type: 'unknown' },
        { icon: '🏃', type: 'known' }
      ],
      status: 'Incomplete Idea',
      isComplete: false
    },
    {
      phrase: '<span class="highlight-who">The dog</span> <span class="highlight-did">ran away.</span>',
      items: [
        { icon: '🐕', type: 'known' },
        { icon: '🏃', type: 'known' }
      ],
      status: 'Full Picture ✓',
      isComplete: true
    }
  ];

  function setMode(index) {
    const tabs = document.querySelectorAll('.tab-btn');
    tabs.forEach((tab, idx) => {
      tab.classList.toggle('active', idx === index);
    });

    const d = data[index];
    document.getElementById('phraseDisplay').innerHTML = d.phrase;

    const cloud = document.getElementById('cloudDisplay');
    cloud.innerHTML = d.items.map(item => `
      <div class="pic-item ${item.type === 'unknown' ? 'unknown' : ''}">${item.icon}</div>
    `).join(d.isComplete ? '<span style="font-size:20px;color:#94a3b8;">+</span>' : '<span style="font-size:20px;color:#94a3b8;">+</span>');

    const badge = document.getElementById('statusBadge');
    badge.textContent = d.status;
    badge.className = 'status-badge ' + (d.isComplete ? 'status-complete' : 'status-incomplete');
  }

  setMode(0);
</script>

</body>
</html>

How do words team up to make that complete idea?

Words work together just like **puzzle pieces**.

A sentence usually needs a piece that tells **who or what**, and another piece that tells **what happened**.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
<title>What Is a Sentence?</title>
<script src="{{VENDOR_CDN}}/classace-diagram.js"></script>
<style>
  * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  body {
    font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
    color: #1e2945;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 12px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-height: 100%;
    user-select: none;
    -webkit-user-select: none;
  }

  .nav-tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 440px;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .tab-btn {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 8px 10px;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #ffffff;
    color: #64748b;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  }

  .tab-btn.active {
    border-color: #0284c7;
    background: #e0f2fe;
    color: #0369a1;
  }

  .stage {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 440px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .puzzle-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    width: 100%;
    height: 140px;
    position: relative;
  }

  .piece {
    flex: 1;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: 190px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 12px 8px;
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
  }

  .piece-who {
    background: #e0f2fe;
    border-color: #bae6fd;
  }

  .piece-what {
    background: #fef3c7;
    border-color: #fde68a;
  }

  .piece.dimmed {
    opacity: 0.3;
    filter: grayscale(0.8);
    border-style: dashed;
    border-color: #cbd5e1;
    background: #f1f5f9;
  }

  .piece-tag {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }

  .piece-who .piece-tag { color: #0284c7; }
  .piece-what .piece-tag { color: #d97706; }

  .piece-emoji {
    font-size: 28px;
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }

  .piece-text {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #1e2945;
  }

  .plus-sign {
    font-size: 24px;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: #94a3b8;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
  }

  .plus-sign.glow {
    color: #0284c7;
  }

  .status-badge {
    padding: 8px 18px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 800;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
  }

  .status-incomplete {
    background: #fee2e2;
    color: #b91c1c;
    border: 1px solid #fecaca;
  }

  .status-complete {
    background: #dcfce7;
    color: #15803d;
    border: 1px solid #bbf7d0;
  }

  .sentence-preview {
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-align: center;
    color: #0f172a;
    min-height: 28px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="nav-tabs">
    <button class="tab-btn active" data-step="0">Who / What</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" data-step="1">What happened</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" data-step="2">Whole Sentence</button>
  </div>

  <div class="stage">
    <div class="puzzle-row">
      
      <div id="piece1" class="piece piece-who">
        <span class="piece-tag">Who / What</span>
        <span class="piece-emoji">🐕</span>
        <span class="piece-text">The dog</span>
      </div>

      <div id="plus" class="plus-sign">+</div>

      
      <div id="piece2" class="piece piece-what dimmed">
        <span class="piece-tag">What happened</span>
        <span class="piece-emoji">🦴</span>
        <span class="piece-text">dug a hole.</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div id="preview" class="sentence-preview" style="color:#64748b;">The dog...</div>

    <div id="badge" class="status-badge status-incomplete">
      <span>❓</span> Half Idea
    </div>
  </div>

<script>
  const states = [
    {
      p1Dim: false,
      p2Dim: true,
      plus: false,
      preview: 'The dog...',
      previewColor: '#64748b',
      badgeClass: 'status-incomplete',
      badgeIcon: '❓',
      badgeText: 'Half Idea'
    },
    {
      p1Dim: true,
      p2Dim: false,
      plus: false,
      preview: '...dug a hole.',
      previewColor: '#64748b',
      badgeClass: 'status-incomplete',
      badgeIcon: '❓',
      badgeText: 'Half Idea'
    },
    {
      p1Dim: false,
      p2Dim: false,
      plus: true,
      preview: 'The dog dug a hole.',
      previewColor: '#0f172a',
      badgeClass: 'status-complete',
      badgeIcon: '✓',
      badgeText: 'Complete Idea'
    }
  ];

  const tabs = document.querySelectorAll('.tab-btn');
  const p1 = document.getElementById('piece1');
  const p2 = document.getElementById('piece2');
  const plus = document.getElementById('plus');
  const preview = document.getElementById('preview');
  const badge = document.getElementById('badge');

  function renderState(index) {
    tabs.forEach((tab, i) => {
      tab.classList.toggle('active', i === index);
    });

    const s = states[index];
    p1.classList.toggle('dimmed', s.p1Dim);
    p2.classList.toggle('dimmed', s.p2Dim);
    plus.classList.toggle('glow', s.plus);

    preview.textContent = s.preview;
    preview.style.color = s.previewColor;

    badge.className = 'status-badge ' + s.badgeClass;
    badge.innerHTML = '<span>' + s.badgeIcon + '</span> ' + s.badgeText;
  }

  tabs.forEach((tab) => {
    tab.addEventListener('click', () => {
      const step = parseInt(tab.dataset.step, 10);
      renderState(step);
    });
  });

  p1.addEventListener('click', () => renderState(0));
  p2.addEventListener('click', () => renderState(1));
  badge.addEventListener('click', () => renderState(2));
</script>
</body>
</html>

Can you spot the difference between half an idea and a whole sentence?

Look at these words: "Bakes yummy cookies."

We know what is happening, but we do not know who is baking!

When we say, "**Grandma bakes yummy cookies**," all the pieces are there to make a complete idea.

What Is a Sentence? Expressing a Complete Idea. Understand that a sentence is the key unit for expressing an idea.

A Sentence is a Complete Thought - Level Foundation English

Find the Complete Sentence (Foundation English Practice)

What is a Sentence? - KS1 English

At the Foundation level (Ages 5-6), mastery of the sentence concept must be grounded heavily in oral language, physical gestures, and visual analogies before progressing to independent writing. Teachers should use choral chanting ('A sentence tells a complete idea!'), physical actions (clapping for the 'who/what' and stomping for the 'action'), and sentence sorting games (Complete Idea vs. Incomplete Idea). Oral rehearsal and joint construction scaffold students from spoken thoughts to recognizable sentence structures.

What Is a Sentence? Expressing a Complete Idea

Making a Full Picture

Words Working Together