Reading Scales and Measuring Instruments

Understand relative sizes of metric units of length, mass, and capacity and convert from larger to smaller units using conversion tables.

Understand relative sizes of US customary measurement units and convert from larger to smaller units using tables and multiplication.

Read and interpret measuring instruments with partial and unmarked units on linear, mass, and liquid volume scales.

Apply the four arithmetic operations to solve real-world problems involving distances, liquid volumes, masses, and money with fractions and decimals.

Read and convert time across 12-hour and 24-hour formats on digital and analogue dials, and convert between units of time.

Calculate elapsed time across hours, days, months, and calendar cycles, and solve real-world scheduling problems using the four operations.

Apply algebraic formulas for the perimeter and area of rectangles and squares, and work fluently with metric area units.

Calculate area and perimeter of composite rectilinear figures and explore how changing dimensions affects perimeter and area.