Plant Structures, Transport, and Reproduction

Identify cells as the foundational units of life, explain biological organization from cells to organisms, and distinguish among the major kingdoms.

Analyze plant anatomy, internal vascular transport, growth needs, and reproductive cycles in flowering and non-flowering plants.

Examine fungal structure, nutritional strategies, mushroom identification safety, and the essential role of decomposers in nutrient cycles.

Classify invertebrates and vertebrates, compare dietary adaptations, life cycles, and thermoregulation mechanisms.

Explain the major structures, biomechanics, and physiological functions of human body systems.

Investigate terrestrial and aquatic habitats, construct food webs, and analyze interactions including symbiosis, predation, and camouflage.

Explain how genetic material carries inherited traits across generations, contrast cell division types, and analyze gene-environment interactions.