Phonics: Vowels, Digraphs, and Syllables

Hear, blend, segment, and count individual sounds in simple consonant-vowel-consonant words.

Segment spoken words containing beginning and ending consonant blends into separate phonemes.

Add, delete, and swap individual phonemes in spoken words to create new words.

Recognise short and long vowel patterns and consonant digraphs, and apply them to read one- and two-syllable words.

Spell one-syllable words using common short and long vowel letter patterns, including -at, -an, -ig, -og, -ug, -ee, -ea, -ai, -ay, -oa, -oo, -ow, and -ou.

Spell one-syllable words with double consonants and specific consonant sound patterns (/k/ and /ch/), and progress to spelling two-syllable words with short and long vowel patterns.

Read and recognise common high-frequency words on sight, and write them correctly within simple sentences.

Use grammatical morphemes (-s, -ed, -ing, -er, -est) to create plural forms, past tense, ongoing actions, and comparatives.

Understand that a simple sentence has one independent clause with a subject and a verb, and tell the difference between complete sentences and fragments.

Identify nouns, pronouns, and verbs by their job in a sentence, and use them correctly when writing.

Identify adjectives and adverbs by their job in a sentence, and sort words into different grammatical categories based on their role.

Use full stops, question marks and exclamation marks correctly, and write capital letters at the start of sentences and for familiar proper nouns.

Form unjoined lower-case and upper-case letters correctly, and write words and sentences with clear handwriting and correct punctuation.

Understand that texts are written for different purposes and recognise the features and structures of common text types including recounts, narratives, opinion texts, information texts, reports, and explanations.

Learn to use organisation features such as page numbers, tables of contents, headings, and navigation buttons to find information in both print and digital texts.

Explain how illustrations and photographs contribute to meaning in story books and information books, and compare how images are used differently across text types.

Recognise and use topic-specific vocabulary related to science, geography, and history learning areas when reading and writing about subject-specific topics.

Identify and describe the characters, settings and plot of a story, and sequence story events from beginning to end.

Explore how authors use words and illustrators use pictures to create characters, settings and events in stories.

Discuss stories from First Nations Australian, Australian and world authors and illustrators, and make personal connections with the texts.

Orally retell and adapt familiar stories, and perform retellings through role-play and drama with appropriate expression.

Listen to, identify, and create rhyming words and repeated phrases in poems, chants, and songs.

Recognise and create rhythmic beats and alliterative phrases in poems and songs.

Invent new sound patterns, write responses to poems, and perform poetry using learned sound techniques.

Use language, facial expressions, and gestures to interact with others, share information, make requests, and respond to stories.

Explain likes and dislikes with clear reasons, and plan and deliver short oral presentations with an opening, middle, and ending.

Plan and write short recounts, narratives, opinion texts and information reports using simple sentences and topic vocabulary.

Review and edit written drafts for sentence sense, punctuation, spelling and detail, then publish a finished text for an audience.

Identify features of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts and describe how they are similar and different.

Read decodable and authentic texts with increasing smoothness, expression, and automaticity through phrasing, phonics application, and re-reading.

Use self-monitoring, context clues, grammar, and visualisation to check meaning and solve unknown words while reading.

Apply predicting, connecting, summarising, questioning, and literal/inferential strategies to build deep understanding of texts.

Develop core interaction skills including turn-taking, speaking clearly, active listening, responding, and contributing ideas and questions in group discussions.

Apply listening and discussion skills to understand spoken texts, share opinions about texts with others, and make connections when listening to stories.