Mixtures, Solutions, and Conservation of Mass

Classify solids, liquids, and gases by measuring mass, volume, temperature, and relative density, and investigate state changes caused by thermal energy transfer.

Investigate different types of mixtures and solutions, separate them using physical properties, and prove that mass is conserved.

Evaluate physical and chemical properties of natural and manufactured materials to explain their applications in construction, technology, and cooking.

Build and troubleshoot simple series circuits, identifying component roles and demonstrating how electrical energy transforms into light, heat, and sound.

Demonstrate how mechanical vibrations transfer energy through solids, liquids, and gases, and explore how pitch, volume, and distance affect sound.

Analyze the effects of contact and non-contact forces on motion, and explain how simple machines amplify force to do mechanical work in tools and living organisms.