Matter, Particle Models, and Physical Properties

Classify, test, and explain the physical properties of substances using the particulate model of matter.

Investigate mixtures, solutions, thermal phase changes, conservation of mass, and techniques to separate substances.

Identify indicators of chemical changes, examine common reactions, and contrast irreversible chemical processes with physical changes.

Quantify forces in newtons, analyze balanced and unbalanced forces, and investigate gravity, friction, elasticity, buoyancy, and drag.

Analyze how simple machines and mechanisms transform, direct, and multiply forces to achieve mechanical advantage.

Trace forms of energy, analyze energy transformations and conservation, and compare conduction, convection, and radiation.

Investigate the straight-line propagation of light, shadow geometry, reflection, refraction, dispersion, and optical devices.

Build series and parallel circuits, read schematic diagrams, analyze voltage and resistance effects, and construct electromagnets.