Conservation, Dissipation, and Efficiency

Identify energy stores and describe energy transfer pathways in everyday physical systems

Calculate kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, and thermal energy changes using standard GCSE physics formulas

Define power, calculate energy transfers in domestic appliances, and evaluate electrical power ratings

Explain the law of conservation of energy, analyse energy dissipation, and calculate efficiency in energy systems

Analyse thermal conduction, convection, and radiation, and investigate factors affecting building heat loss

Compare renewable and non-renewable energy resources, evaluating environmental impacts and shifting usage trends

Identify contact and non-contact forces, represent force vectors, and analyse Newton's third law interaction pairs

Distinguish between mass and weight, calculate weight using W = mg, and describe gravitational field strength

Construct free body diagrams, calculate resultant forces, and evaluate systems in static and dynamic equilibrium

Calculate mechanical work done, relate work done to energy transfers, and evaluate work done against friction

Investigate stretching, bending, and compression, apply Hooke's law, and calculate elastic work done

Perform complex multi-step energy calculations across mechanical, thermal, and electrical processes

Use scale diagrams to resolve coplanar forces, calculate resultant forces, and evaluate static equilibrium conditions without trigonometry.

Calculate energy stored and transferred across mechanical systems, convert between newton-metres and joules, and apply compound units fluently.