Learners will describe how Native American peoples in the Eastern Woodlands, Plains, Southwest, Pacific Northwest, and Arctic adapted their way of life to their specific environments.

Explain the significance of key battles and foreign alliances in determining the military outcome of the Revolutionary War.

Learners will understand the structure of arguments and construct their own arguments using claims, reasons, and evidence.

Learners will evaluate and revise supporting questions, build complete question sets (compelling plus supporting), and present and explain why their questions matter.

Explain the key events and analyze the economic and political conflicts that led the colonies to resist British rule and move toward revolution.

Learners will explain how colonial government shaped daily life through laws, land distribution, relations with Native Americans, and trade regulation.

Learners will explain the structures of colonial government, including the role of the English monarchy, colonial charters, assemblies, governors, and local government.

Learners will compare cultural elements across regions, identify shared similarities, and synthesize how geography shaped both cultural differences and connections among Native American societies.

Learners will complete discipline-based question sorting, understand what supporting questions are, and create supporting questions that help answer compelling questions across all social studies disciplines.

Learners will analyze how Dutch, Spanish, French, and Native American cultures interacted with and influenced colonial settlements.

Learners will compare artistic, musical, storytelling, social organization, and family structure traditions across Native American societies.

Learners will use democratic procedures such as consensus-building and voting to plan, carry out, and reflect on group action.

Learners will understand what facts and opinions are, identify them across various text types, and explain why this distinction matters in research.

Compare and contrast the diverse motivations, experiences, and viewpoints of people who participated in or were affected by the Revolutionary War.

Learners will describe first meetings between Europeans and Native Americans and analyze how each European power differently affected Native American societies.

Learners will listen to, question, and respond to others' arguments respectfully, including finding common ground during disagreements.

Learners will describe the founding and development of the major English settlements in North America, including Jamestown, Plymouth, and the regional colonies.

Learners will explain the system of enslaved labor in the Northern and Southern colonies, including working conditions, family life, and methods of resistance.

Draw conclusions about the daily lives, communities, culture, and overall experience of enslaved people in the American colonies.

Learners will analyze how European culture—including language, government, architecture, agriculture, customs, and education—shaped colonial communities.

Learners will analyze the specific ways European arrival transformed Native American populations, trade, food systems, politics, culture, and technology.

Learners will identify and describe the specific motivations that drove major European powers to explore the New World.

Learners will understand free labor in the colonies and compare the economic and social impacts of all labor systems used in Colonial America.

Learners will gather relevant information from a variety of print, digital, and oral sources, and organize it for research purposes.

Learners will identify the major geographic regions of North America and describe the climate, natural resources, and physical features of each region where Native American societies developed.

Learners will explain how geographic features determined food sources, housing, transportation, trade networks, clothing, and tools in Native American societies.

Learners will explain how major geographic features such as climate, rivers, mountains, forests, grasslands, deserts, oceans, and cold environments shaped how Native American societies lived.

Learners will name the main social studies disciplines, identify the features of questions within each discipline, and practice sorting questions into the correct discipline.

Learners will identify and describe problems and issues at the classroom, school, community, regional, global, and historical levels.

Learners will analyze the economic and social impacts of the slave trade on different regions, acts of resistance by enslaved people, and the trade's lasting legacy.

Learners will understand what indentured servitude was, who participated in it, the terms of their contracts, and what life was like during and after servitude.

Explain the roles and contributions of key American, French, and British leaders in shaping the Revolutionary War, and synthesize how battles, alliances, and leaders together determined the outcome.

Learners will describe Native American resistance and adaptation, evaluate multiple perspectives and sources on exploration, and synthesize the motivations and impacts of European conquest.

Identify the key geographic features of the New England and Mid-Atlantic colonies and explain how geography shaped their unique economic systems.

Learners will present arguments effectively using written, oral, and digital formats, choosing the best format for their audience.

Learners will explain how religion shaped community organization, education, laws, daily life, and the degree of religious tolerance or conflict across the colonies.

Learners will explain the Great Awakening's impact on colonial society and synthesize how European culture and religion together shaped a distinct colonial identity.

Learners will identify the major religious groups in the colonies and explain how their beliefs shaped the societies they founded.

Learners will explain how individuals and groups can take action on problems and predict the results of those actions.

Learners will identify key technologies that enabled exploration and describe the voyages of major explorers who claimed New World territories for European powers.

Synthesize how conflicts led to revolution and explain how the Declaration of Independence was written, its key principles, and its legacy as a unifying idea of American democracy.

Learners will describe the conditions of the Middle Passage, the arrival and sale of enslaved people, and the geographic scope of the slave trade across the Americas.

Explain how geography led to the Southern plantation economy and compare the economies of all three colonial regions.

Learners will understand what the transatlantic slave trade was, its origins in African and European societies, and the structure of the triangular trade system.

Learners will categorize exploration motivations into economic, religious, political, and personal themes, and compare motivations across European powers.

Learners will understand what makes a question compelling in social studies, why compelling questions matter, and how to construct them across disciplines and in their own community.

Learners will understand what culture includes and compare key cultural elements—language, religion, food, clothing, shelter, and tools—across Native American societies.

Learners will identify primary and secondary sources, understand their strengths and limitations, and decide when to use each type for research.

Learners will find, evaluate, and organize evidence from primary and secondary sources to build strong, evidence-based claims and draw conclusions.

Explain how regional economies and cultures shaped women's work, legal rights, and roles in Colonial America, and review key concepts from the colonial era.