Use meters, Ohm's law, and Kirchhoff's rules to measure and calculate current, voltage, resistance, and power in series and parallel circuits.

Generate and interpret position-time, velocity-time, and acceleration-time graphs to determine slope, area, and how an object's motion changes.

Learners will apply kinematic equations to solve multi-step motion problems, perform vector addition using graphical and component methods, and collect real-time motion data with technology.

Learners will collect, organize, and calculate quantitative rate data, identify experimental error, apply lab safety, develop evidence-based explanations using kinetic theory, and design multi-factor investigations.

Learners will be able to give examples of applications of quantum phenomena including the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum computing, and cybersecurity.

Investigate the practical applications of various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, including radio waves, microwaves, and x-rays.

Use free body diagrams and Newton's second law to solve multi-force calculation problems, and apply Newton's third law to analyze action-reaction pairs in collisions and contact interactions.

Learners will analyze atomic models, apply quantum concepts, calculate nuclear reactions and half-lives, and evaluate nuclear technology.

Explain electron transitions, photon emission, emission spectra, and how these phenomena provide evidence for wave-particle duality and quantum theory.

Model atomic structure and electron configurations to understand how they determine an element's chemical bonding behavior.

Learners will model atomic structure, explain valence electron behavior, and understand the organization of the Periodic Table.

Balance chemical equations, including complex and polyatomic examples, to demonstrate the law of conservation of mass.

Investigate conservation of charge through induction, conduction, and polarization using electroscopes and common materials.

Learners will analyze uniform circular motion, apply Newton's law of gravitation, and solve orbital mechanics problems.

Use motion detectors, photogates, and digital applications to collect real-time motion data and connect position, velocity, and acceleration graphs.