Develop responses to economic and business issues by evaluating costs and benefits, and learn to create evidence-based economic descriptions and explanations.

Identify and describe Australia's major landscapes and significant landforms, using case studies such as Uluru and the Great Barrier Reef to understand distribution patterns.

Explore diverse perspectives on Australian national identity, trace the evolution of citizenship concepts, and develop skills to create evidence-based civic descriptions, explanations, and arguments.

Develop budgeting and financial planning skills for both individuals and businesses, including goal-setting, saving, and investment strategies.

Understand how businesses adapt to market opportunities, innovation, and technology, and examine the changing nature of work in Australia.

Analyse key developments, turning points, and challenges shaping continuity and change, and examine the perspectives of rulers and subject peoples regarding power and authority in the Asia-Pacific.

Develop, refine, and apply inquiry skills to investigate Australia's political and legal systems by formulating questions, locating sources, and organising civic information.

Analyse perspectives on civic issues and develop strategies for effective civic participation and decision-making.

Describe and compare urban settlement distribution patterns in Australia and the United States, and explain the implications of these differences.

Develop geographical questions and use fieldwork, geospatial technologies, and data analysis to investigate landscape and landform phenomena.

Explain the spiritual, aesthetic, and cultural significance of Australian landscapes and landforms, particularly focusing on their importance as Country for First Nations Australians.

Understand how cultural background and religious beliefs influence individuals' understanding of citizenship and participation in civic life.

Develop economic inquiry skills, from formulating and refining research questions to locating, organising, and interpreting economic and business data to identify trends and relationships.