Learners will analyse how changing physical conditions affect animal survival, explain adaptations to extreme environments, compare contrasting habitats, and evaluate how human activities and pollution alter habitats.

Learners will communicate scientific findings and ideas to specific audiences using written reports, visual representations, and multimedia digital tools.

Learners will identify, compare, and test electrical conductors and insulators, and explain their roles in circuits and safety at both macroscopic and particle levels.

Learners will be able to plan fair-test investigations by identifying and controlling variables, and develop safety plans to manage risks when using equipment and materials.

Learners will describe Earth's rotation on its axis and use models to explain how this movement produces the cycle of day and night.

Learners will model how Earth's tilted axis and revolution around the sun produce seasonal changes and variable day and night length, and use data to predict seasonal patterns.

Learners will trace energy transfer and transformation in series circuits, investigate energy in mechanical contexts, and design circuit investigations using multimeters.

Learners will develop skills to evaluate scientific claims in the media, communicate scientific ideas to different audiences, and use evidence to support reasoning and answer questions.

Learners will identify sources of error in investigations, compare their methods and findings with others, and evaluate the validity of scientific conclusions using multiple sources of evidence.

Learners will define a habitat, identify its key physical conditions, and explain how temperature, light, water, and soil affect the growth and survival of living things.

Learners will understand how scientific knowledge develops over time through collaboration, the sharing of ideas, and building on earlier discoveries.

Learners will understand what energy is, how it transfers and transforms, and build foundational knowledge of simple electrical circuits and their diagrams.

Learners will plan and conduct fair tests on how physical conditions affect organisms, and develop skills in measuring growth, recording data in tables, and graphing results.

Learners will investigate irreversible changes like cooking, rusting, and burning, identifying signs of new substance formation and designing tests to classify changes.

Learners will model the relative movements of planets in the solar system and investigate how the sun's position affects shadows, temperature, and observable weather patterns.