Analyse causes and effects of environmental change, identify patterns, make predictions, and justify evidence-based conclusions from geographical data.

Explain Australia's foreign policy objectives, its role in global and regional institutions, and the purpose and impact of its overseas aid and development programmes.

Analyse the significance of Australian involvement in the Second World War, including major campaigns, the experiences of soldiers and civilians, and the war's impact on Australian identity and international relationships.

Evaluate how and why historical perspectives on technology, health, living standards and the environment have changed, and analyse competing interpretations of Australia's recent past.

Develop, refine and apply inquiry skills to investigate Australia's political and legal systems and contemporary civic issues

Evaluate how the Second World War is commemorated in Australia, including different historical interpretations and debates about its meaning and significance.

Understand Australia's system of government and compare it with other government systems in the Asia-Pacific region, evaluating their strengths, weaknesses, and approaches to citizen rights.

Analyse factors influencing major consumer and financial decisions and explain how Australia's superannuation system affects these decisions

Develop focused inquiry questions and collect both primary and secondary data on a specific environmental change using fieldwork and geospatial technologies.

Apply geographical inquiry skills to a case study, develop and evaluate sustainability strategies, and present evidence-based recommendations using appropriate geographical tools.

Explain what key economic indicators measure and how they influence the decisions of governments, businesses, and consumers.

Apply inquiry skills to investigate, analyse and communicate about contemporary economic and business issues

Explain how human-induced changes challenge the sustainability of places and environments

Explain different environmental world views and how First Nations Australians' custodial responsibility shapes environmental management across regions.