<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Circuit Comparison: 1 Bulb vs 2 Bulbs in Series</title>
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #0f172a;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100vh;
      padding: 12px 16px;
    }
    .diagram-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 20px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      align-items: start;
    }
    @media (max-width: 440px) {
      .diagram-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 16px;
      }
    }
    .circuit-col {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      text-align: center;
      background: transparent;
      border: none;
      box-shadow: none;
      padding: 0;
    }
    .title {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }
    .svg-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 220px;
      height: auto;
      aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
    }
    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      overflow: visible;
      display: block;
    }
    .wire {
      fill: none;
      stroke: #475569;
      stroke-width: 3.5;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      stroke-linejoin: round;
    }
    .battery-body {
      fill: #1e293b;
      rx: 3;
    }
    .battery-pos {
      fill: #dc2626;
      rx: 1.5;
    }
    .battery-label {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 800;
      fill: #ffffff;
      text-anchor: middle;
      dominant-baseline: central;
      user-select: none;
    }
    .bulb-text {
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 800;
      fill: #1e293b;
      text-anchor: middle;
      dominant-baseline: central;
    }
    .badge {
      margin-top: 6px;
      padding: 4px 12px;
      border-radius: 999px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-align: center;
      display: inline-block;
    }
    .badge-bright {
      background: #fef3c7;
      color: #92400e;
      border: 1px solid #fcd34d;
    }
    .badge-dim {
      background: #e2e8f0;
      color: #1e293b;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    }
    .shared-note {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #334155;
      margin-top: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 4px;
      text-align: center;
    }

    /* Smooth, gentle glow pulses without rapid strobe */
    @keyframes pulse-bright {
      0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0.92; }
      50% { transform: scale(1.04); opacity: 1; }
    }
    @keyframes pulse-dim {
      0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0.65; }
      50% { transform: scale(1.03); opacity: 0.8; }
    }
    .glow-bright {
      transform-origin: 100px 42px;
      animation: pulse-bright 3.5s ease-in-out infinite;
    }
    .glow-dim-left {
      transform-origin: 65px 42px;
      animation: pulse-dim 3.5s ease-in-out infinite;
    }
    .glow-dim-right {
      transform-origin: 135px 42px;
      animation: pulse-dim 3.5s ease-in-out infinite;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="diagram-grid">
    
    <div class="circuit-col">
      <div class="title">1 Bulb Circuit</div>
      
      <div class="svg-wrap">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 200 200">
          <defs>
            <radialGradient id="glow100" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="50%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fbbf24" stop-opacity="1" />
              <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#f59e0b" stop-opacity="0.5" />
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#f59e0b" stop-opacity="0" />
            </radialGradient>
          </defs>

          
          <path class="wire" d="M 100 160 L 35 160 L 35 42 L 86 42" />
          <path class="wire" d="M 114 42 L 165 42 L 165 160 L 100 160" />

          
          <rect class="battery-body" x="76" y="151" width="48" height="18" />
          <rect class="battery-pos" x="124" y="155" width="4" height="10" />
          <text class="battery-label" x="90" y="160">−</text>
          <text class="battery-label" x="112" y="160">+</text>

          
          <g class="glow-bright">
            <circle cx="100" cy="42" r="42" fill="url(#glow100)" />
            
            <line x1="100" y1="12" x2="100" y2="4" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <line x1="122" y1="20" x2="128" y2="14" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <line x1="78" y1="20" x2="72" y2="14" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <line x1="130" y1="42" x2="138" y2="42" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <line x1="70" y1="42" x2="62" y2="42" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
          </g>

          
          <circle cx="100" cy="42" r="14" fill="#fef08a" stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="2" />
          <path d="M 95 45 Q 100 35 105 45" fill="none" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" />
          <rect x="94" y="54" width="12" height="5" rx="1" fill="#64748b" />
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="badge badge-bright">100% Brightness</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="circuit-col">
      <div class="title">2 Bulb Series Circuit</div>
      
      <div class="svg-wrap">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 200 200">
          <defs>
            <radialGradient id="glow50" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="50%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fde047" stop-opacity="0.85" />
              <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.3" />
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0" />
            </radialGradient>
          </defs>

          
          <path class="wire" d="M 100 160 L 35 160 L 35 42 L 53 42" />
          <path class="wire" d="M 77 42 L 123 42" />
          <path class="wire" d="M 147 42 L 165 42 L 165 160 L 100 160" />

          
          <rect class="battery-body" x="76" y="151" width="48" height="18" />
          <rect class="battery-pos" x="124" y="155" width="4" height="10" />
          <text class="battery-label" x="90" y="160">−</text>
          <text class="battery-label" x="112" y="160">+</text>

          
          <g class="glow-dim-left">
            <circle cx="65" cy="42" r="25" fill="url(#glow50)" />
          </g>
          
          <circle cx="65" cy="42" r="12" fill="#fef9c3" stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="1.8" />
          <path d="M 61 44 Q 65 37 69 44" fill="none" stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-linecap="round" />
          <rect x="60" y="52" width="10" height="4" rx="1" fill="#64748b" />
          <text class="bulb-text" x="65" y="68">A</text>

          
          <g class="glow-dim-right">
            <circle cx="135" cy="42" r="25" fill="url(#glow50)" />
          </g>
          
          <circle cx="135" cy="42" r="12" fill="#fef9c3" stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="1.8" />
          <path d="M 131 44 Q 135 37 139 44" fill="none" stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-linecap="round" />
          <rect x="130" y="52" width="10" height="4" rx="1" fill="#64748b" />
          <text class="bulb-text" x="135" y="68">B</text>
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="badge badge-dim">50% Brightness Each</div>
      <div class="shared-note">⚡ Energy shared between 2 bulbs</div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

How Adding More Bulbs Affects Brightness in a Series Circuit

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      width: 100%;
      min-height: 100%;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: center;
      padding: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .board {
      display: flex;
      gap: 12px;
      align-items: stretch;
      max-width: 600px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      width: 100%;
    }

    .rows-container {
      flex: 1;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
    }

    .row-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 70px 1fr 95px;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s, background 0.2s;
    }

    .row-card.active, .row-card:hover {
      border-color: #22b7ff;
      background: #f0f9ff;
    }

    .bulb-count-label {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #334155;
    }

    .bulbs-display {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 10px;
      padding: 4px 0;
    }

    .bulb {
      width: 38px;
      height: 38px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      position: relative;
      transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
    }

    .bulb svg {
      width: 22px;
      height: 22px;
    }

    /* Glow Intensity Tiers */
    .glow-bright {
      background: radial-gradient(circle, #ffffff 15%, #fef08a 50%, #eab308 100%);
      box-shadow: 0 0 22px 8px rgba(234, 179, 8, 0.75);
      border: 2px solid #ca8a04;
    }
    .glow-bright svg { fill: #854d0e; }

    .glow-medium {
      background: radial-gradient(circle, #fffbeb 20%, #fde047 65%, #f59e0b 100%);
      box-shadow: 0 0 11px 3px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.45);
      border: 2px solid #d97706;
      opacity: 0.9;
    }
    .glow-medium svg { fill: #92400e; }

    .glow-faint {
      background: radial-gradient(circle, #fef3c7 10%, #d97706 75%, #92400e 100%);
      box-shadow: 0 0 5px 1px rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.25);
      border: 2px solid #b45309;
      opacity: 0.75;
    }
    .glow-faint svg { fill: #451a03; }

    .status-col {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: flex-end;
      text-align: right;
      gap: 2px;
    }

    .stars {
      font-size: 13px;
      line-height: 1;
      letter-spacing: -1px;
    }

    .status-text {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .status-1 { color: #ca8a04; }
    .status-2 { color: #d97706; }
    .status-3 { color: #b45309; }

    /* Right Trend Indicator */
    .trend-panel {
      width: 58px;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px dashed #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      padding: 10px 4px;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .trend-tag {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 800;
      line-height: 1.2;
      color: #64748b;
    }

    .trend-arrow-track {
      flex: 1;
      width: 4px;
      background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #eab308, #ea580c);
      border-radius: 2px;
      margin: 6px 0;
      position: relative;
    }

    .trend-arrow-head {
      position: absolute;
      bottom: -6px;
      left: 50%;
      transform: translateX(-50%);
      width: 0;
      height: 0;
      border-left: 6px solid transparent;
      border-right: 6px solid transparent;
      border-top: 8px solid #ea580c;
    }

    @media (max-width: 400px) {
      .row-card {
        grid-template-columns: 54px 1fr 82px;
        padding: 8px 10px;
        gap: 4px;
      }
      .bulb-count-label { font-size: 13px; }
      .bulb { width: 30px; height: 30px; }
      .bulb svg { width: 17px; height: 17px; }
      .status-text { font-size: 11px; }
      .trend-panel { width: 48px; }
      .trend-tag { font-size: 10px; }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="board">
    <div class="rows-container">
      
      <div class="row-card active" onclick="highlight(this)">
        <div class="bulb-count-label">1 Bulb</div>
        <div class="bulbs-display">
          <div class="bulb glow-bright">
            <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2a7 7 0 0 0-7 7c0 2.38 1.19 4.47 3 5.74V17a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-2.26c1.81-1.27 3-3.36 3-5.74a7 7 0 0 0-7-7zm-2 18a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1h-4v1z"/></svg>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="status-col">
          <span class="stars">⭐⭐⭐</span>
          <span class="status-text status-1">Very Bright</span>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="row-card" onclick="highlight(this)">
        <div class="bulb-count-label">2 Bulbs</div>
        <div class="bulbs-display">
          <div class="bulb glow-medium">
            <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2a7 7 0 0 0-7 7c0 2.38 1.19 4.47 3 5.74V17a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-2.26c1.81-1.27 3-3.36 3-5.74a7 7 0 0 0-7-7zm-2 18a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1h-4v1z"/></svg>
          </div>
          <div class="bulb glow-medium">
            <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2a7 7 0 0 0-7 7c0 2.38 1.19 4.47 3 5.74V17a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-2.26c1.81-1.27 3-3.36 3-5.74a7 7 0 0 0-7-7zm-2 18a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1h-4v1z"/></svg>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="status-col">
          <span class="stars">⭐⭐</span>
          <span class="status-text status-2">Dimmer</span>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="row-card" onclick="highlight(this)">
        <div class="bulb-count-label">3 Bulbs</div>
        <div class="bulbs-display">
          <div class="bulb glow-faint">
            <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2a7 7 0 0 0-7 7c0 2.38 1.19 4.47 3 5.74V17a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-2.26c1.81-1.27 3-3.36 3-5.74a7 7 0 0 0-7-7zm-2 18a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1h-4v1z"/></svg>
          </div>
          <div class="bulb glow-faint">
            <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2a7 7 0 0 0-7 7c0 2.38 1.19 4.47 3 5.74V17a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-2.26c1.81-1.27 3-3.36 3-5.74a7 7 0 0 0-7-7zm-2 18a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1h-4v1z"/></svg>
          </div>
          <div class="bulb glow-faint">
            <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2a7 7 0 0 0-7 7c0 2.38 1.19 4.47 3 5.74V17a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-2.26c1.81-1.27 3-3.36 3-5.74a7 7 0 0 0-7-7zm-2 18a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1h-4v1z"/></svg>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="status-col">
          <span class="stars">⭐</span>
          <span class="status-text status-3">Very Dim</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="trend-panel">
      <div class="trend-tag">+ Bulbs</div>
      <div class="trend-arrow-track">
        <div class="trend-arrow-head"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="trend-tag">Less Bright</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    function highlight(el) {
      document.querySelectorAll('.row-card').forEach(card => card.classList.remove('active'));
      el.classList.add('active');
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e293b;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      padding: 12px 16px;
      min-height: 100%;
    }
    .toggle-group {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      background: #e2e8f0;
      padding: 3px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }
    .toggle-btn {
      border: none;
      background: transparent;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 16px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      color: #64748b;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }
    .toggle-btn.active {
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #0f172a;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
    }
    .circuit-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 560px;
      flex-grow: 1;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }
    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      overflow: visible;
    }
    .wire {
      stroke: #64748b;
      stroke-width: 3.5;
      fill: none;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      stroke-linejoin: round;
    }
    .glow {
      transition: all 0.4s ease;
    }
    .current-dot {
      fill: #38bdf8;
    }
    .status-badge {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      padding: 8px 16px;
      border-radius: 10px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
      margin-top: 4px;
      text-align: center;
    }
    .badge-fact {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #166534;
      border: 1px solid #86efac;
    }
    .badge-myth {
      background: #fee2e2;
      color: #991b1b;
      border: 1px solid #fca5a5;
    }
    .bulb-label {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      fill: #475569;
      text-anchor: middle;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="toggle-group">
    <button class="toggle-btn active" id="btnFact" onclick="setView('fact')">✓ Reality</button>
    <button class="toggle-btn" id="btnMyth" onclick="setView('myth')">✗ Common Myth</button>
  </div>

  <div class="circuit-container">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 540 250">
      <defs>
        
        <radialGradient id="glowFaint">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.9"/>
          <stop offset="45%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.4"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0"/>
        </radialGradient>
        <radialGradient id="glowBright">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fef08a" stop-opacity="1"/>
          <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.6"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0"/>
        </radialGradient>
        <radialGradient id="glowMedium">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.75"/>
          <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.35"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0"/>
        </radialGradient>
        <radialGradient id="glowDim">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.4"/>
          <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.1"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0"/>
        </radialGradient>

        <path id="circuitPath" d="M 70 190 H 470 V 60 H 70 Z" fill="none"/>
      </defs>

      
      <path d="M 235 190 H 70 V 60 H 115" class="wire" />
      <path d="M 165 60 H 245" class="wire" />
      <path d="M 295 60 H 375" class="wire" />
      <path d="M 425 60 H 470 V 190 H 285" class="wire" />

      
      <path d="M 70 190 H 470 V 60 H 70 Z" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-dasharray="6, 14" stroke-linecap="round" opacity="0.85">
        <animate attributeName="stroke-dashoffset" from="0" to="-80" dur="2.4s" repeatCount="indefinite" />
      </path>

      
      <g transform="translate(140, 60)">
        <circle id="halo1" class="glow" cx="0" cy="0" r="32" fill="url(#glowFaint)" />
        <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="14" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="2"/>
        <path d="M -7 -4 Q 0 -12 7 -4 Q 0 4 -7 -4" fill="none" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text y="28" class="bulb-label">Bulb 1</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(270, 60)">
        <circle id="halo2" class="glow" cx="0" cy="0" r="32" fill="url(#glowFaint)" />
        <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="14" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="2"/>
        <path d="M -7 -4 Q 0 -12 7 -4 Q 0 4 -7 -4" fill="none" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text y="28" class="bulb-label">Bulb 2</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(400, 60)">
        <circle id="halo3" class="glow" cx="0" cy="0" r="32" fill="url(#glowFaint)" />
        <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="14" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="2"/>
        <path d="M -7 -4 Q 0 -12 7 -4 Q 0 4 -7 -4" fill="none" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text y="28" class="bulb-label">Bulb 3</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(260, 190)">
        
        <line x1="-12" y1="-16" x2="-12" y2="16" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        <text x="-12" y="-22" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#0f172a" text-anchor="middle">+</text>

        
        <line x1="8" y1="-9" x2="8" y2="9" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        <text x="8" y="-22" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#64748b" text-anchor="middle">−</text>

        <text x="-2" y="32" class="bulb-label">Battery</text>
      </g>

      
      <g fill="#0284c7">
        <polygon points="265,58 275,60 265,62" />
        <polygon points="472,130 470,120 468,130" />
        <polygon points="68,120 70,130 72,120" />
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  <div id="statusBadge" class="status-badge badge-fact">
    <span>✓</span> All 3 bulbs share identical faint brightness
  </div>

  <script>
    function setView(mode) {
      const h1 = document.getElementById('halo1');
      const h2 = document.getElementById('halo2');
      const h3 = document.getElementById('halo3');
      const badge = document.getElementById('statusBadge');
      const btnFact = document.getElementById('btnFact');
      const btnMyth = document.getElementById('btnMyth');

      if (mode === 'fact') {
        btnFact.classList.add('active');
        btnMyth.classList.remove('active');
        
        h1.setAttribute('r', '32');
        h1.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#glowFaint)');
        h2.setAttribute('r', '32');
        h2.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#glowFaint)');
        h3.setAttribute('r', '32');
        h3.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#glowFaint)');

        badge.className = 'status-badge badge-fact';
        badge.innerHTML = '<span>✓</span> All 3 bulbs share identical faint brightness';
      } else {
        btnMyth.classList.add('active');
        btnFact.classList.remove('active');

        h1.setAttribute('r', '44');
        h1.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#glowBright)');
        h2.setAttribute('r', '26');
        h2.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#glowMedium)');
        h3.setAttribute('r', '14');
        h3.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#glowDim)');

        badge.className = 'status-badge badge-myth';
        badge.innerHTML = '<span>✗</span> Myth: Current gets "used up" along the wire';
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      background: #ffffff;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      user-select: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
    }
    .circuit-svg {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 520px;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
    }
    .flow-particles {
      stroke-dasharray: 8 16;
      animation: flowClockwise 1.4s linear infinite;
    }
    @keyframes flowClockwise {
      from { stroke-dashoffset: 48; }
      to { stroke-dashoffset: 0; }
    }
    .glow-pulse {
      animation: pulseGlow 2.5s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
      transform-origin: 390px 175px;
    }
    @keyframes pulseGlow {
      0% { opacity: 0.75; transform: scale(0.96); }
      100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1.04); }
    }
    .switch-group {
      cursor: pointer;
    }
    .switch-blade {
      transition: transform 0.3s ease;
      transform-origin: 215px 65px;
    }
    .open .switch-blade {
      transform: rotate(-32deg);
    }
    .open .flow-particles {
      display: none;
    }
    .open .glow-effect,
    .open .rays,
    .open .filament-lit {
      opacity: 0;
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
    }
    .open .filament-unlit {
      opacity: 1;
    }
    .filament-lit {
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
    }
    .rays, .glow-effect {
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <svg class="circuit-svg" viewBox="0 0 520 350" id="circuit">
    <defs>
      
      <radialGradient id="bulbGlow" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="50%">
        <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fde047" stop-opacity="0.9" />
        <stop offset="45%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.5" />
        <stop offset="75%" stop-color="#eab308" stop-opacity="0.15" />
        <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#eab308" stop-opacity="0" />
      </radialGradient>

      
      <linearGradient id="battGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
        <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f172a" />
        <stop offset="30%" stop-color="#334155" />
        <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#1e293b" />
        <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0f172a" />
      </linearGradient>
      
      
      <linearGradient id="goldGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
        <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ca8a04" />
        <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#fde047" />
        <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#a16207" />
      </linearGradient>
    </defs>

    
    <path id="wire" d="M 130,65 L 215,65 M 265,65 L 390,65 L 390,140 M 390,210 L 390,285 L 130,285 L 130,230 M 130,120 L 130,65" 
          fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" />

    
    <path class="flow-particles" d="M 130,120 L 130,65 L 215,65 M 265,65 L 390,65 L 390,140 M 390,210 L 390,285 L 130,285 L 130,230" 
          fill="none" stroke="#facc15" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" />

    
    <g transform="translate(130, 175)">
      
      <rect x="-18" y="-45" width="36" height="90" rx="4" fill="url(#battGrad)" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
      
      <rect x="-18" y="-45" width="36" height="24" rx="3" fill="url(#goldGrad)" />
      
      <rect x="-7" y="-53" width="14" height="8" rx="2" fill="url(#goldGrad)" stroke="#a16207" stroke-width="1" />
      
      
      <text x="0" y="-28" text-anchor="middle" font-size="14" font-weight="900" fill="#0f172a">+</text>
      <text x="0" y="8" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" letter-spacing="0.5">1.5V</text>
      <text x="0" y="36" text-anchor="middle" font-size="14" font-weight="900" fill="#94a3b8">−</text>
      
      
      <text x="-28" y="4" text-anchor="end" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1e2945">Battery</text>
    </g>

    
    <g class="switch-group" id="switchControl" transform="translate(0, 0)">
      
      <circle cx="215" cy="65" r="5.5" fill="#1e2945" />
      <circle cx="265" cy="65" r="5.5" fill="#1e2945" />
      
      <line class="switch-blade" x1="215" y1="65" x2="265" y2="65" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="5" stroke-linecap="round" />
      
      <rect x="200" y="35" width="80" height="50" fill="transparent" />
      
      <text id="switchLabel" x="240" y="45" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1e2945">Switch (Closed)</text>
    </g>

    
    <g transform="translate(390, 175)">
      
      <g class="rays glow-pulse" stroke="#facc15" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round">
        <line x1="0" y1="-42" x2="0" y2="-56" />
        <line x1="30" y1="-30" x2="41" y2="-41" />
        <line x1="42" y1="0" x2="56" y2="0" />
        <line x1="30" y1="30" x2="41" y2="41" />
        <line x1="-30" y1="-30" x2="-41" y2="-41" />
        <line x1="-42" y1="0" x2="-56" y2="0" />
        <line x1="-30" y1="30" x2="-41" y2="41" />
      </g>

      
      <circle class="glow-effect glow-pulse" cx="0" cy="0" r="58" fill="url(#bulbGlow)" />

      
      <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="26" fill="#fefce8" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2" />

      
      <path class="filament-lit" d="M -8,12 L -5,-4 L 0,-12 L 5,-4 L 8,12" fill="none" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linejoin="round" />

      
      <path d="M -11,23 L 11,23 L 9,33 L -9,33 Z" fill="#94a3b8" stroke="#475569" stroke-width="1.5" />
      <path d="M -7,33 L 7,33 L 4,37 L -4,37 Z" fill="#475569" />

      
      <g transform="translate(0, 72)">
        <rect x="-85" y="-14" width="170" height="28" rx="14" fill="#fef08a" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="1.5" />
        <text id="bulbLabel" x="0" y="4" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12.5" font-weight="800" fill="#854d0e">1 Bulb: Full Brightness</text>
      </g>
    </g>

    
    <path d="M 235,285 L 245,280 L 245,290 Z" fill="#2563eb" />
  </svg>

  <script>
    const circuit = document.getElementById('circuit');
    const switchControl = document.getElementById('switchControl');
    const switchLabel = document.getElementById('switchLabel');
    const bulbLabel = document.getElementById('bulbLabel');

    let isClosed = true;

    switchControl.addEventListener('click', () => {
      isClosed = !isClosed;
      if (isClosed) {
        circuit.classList.remove('open');
        switchLabel.textContent = 'Switch (Closed)';
        bulbLabel.textContent = '1 Bulb: Full Brightness';
      } else {
        circuit.classList.add('open');
        switchLabel.textContent = 'Switch (Open)';
        bulbLabel.textContent = 'Circuit Incomplete (Off)';
      }
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="1:1">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
    }
    .panel {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      position: relative;
    }
    .panel.open {
      border-color: #fca5a5;
      background: #fff8f8;
    }
    .panel.closed {
      border-color: #86efac;
      background: #f6fdf8;
    }
    .badge {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 12px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      text-align: center;
      letter-spacing: 0.2px;
    }
    .badge-open {
      background: #fee2e2;
      color: #b91c1c;
      border: 1px solid #f87171;
    }
    .badge-closed {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #15803d;
      border: 1px solid #4ade80;
    }
    .track-svg {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 380px;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
      overflow: visible;
    }
    .rail-base {
      fill: none;
      stroke: #cbd5e1;
      stroke-width: 18;
      stroke-linecap: round;
    }
    .rail-ties {
      fill: none;
      stroke: #94a3b8;
      stroke-width: 18;
      stroke-dasharray: 2 10;
      stroke-linecap: butt;
    }
    .rail-inner {
      fill: none;
      stroke: #64748b;
      stroke-width: 2;
    }
    .gate-post {
      fill: #475569;
    }
    .gate-arm-open {
      stroke: #ef4444;
      stroke-width: 6;
      stroke-linecap: round;
    }
    .gate-arm-closed {
      stroke: #22c55e;
      stroke-width: 6;
      stroke-linecap: round;
    }
    .status-icon {
      position: absolute;
      top: 10px;
      right: 14px;
      font-size: 20px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="panel open">
    <span class="status-icon">⚪</span>
    <svg class="track-svg" viewBox="0 0 340 130" aria-label="Open track circuit diagram">
      <defs>
        
        <path id="openTrackPath" d="M 60 20 H 180" />
        <path id="openRestOfLoop" d="M 260 20 H 280 A 45 45 0 0 1 325 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 280 110 H 60 A 45 45 0 0 1 15 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 60 20 Z" />
      </defs>

      
      <path d="M 260 20 H 280 A 45 45 0 0 1 325 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 280 110 H 60 A 45 45 0 0 1 15 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 60 20 H 180" class="rail-base" />
      <path d="M 260 20 H 280 A 45 45 0 0 1 325 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 280 110 H 60 A 45 45 0 0 1 15 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 60 20 H 180" class="rail-ties" />

      
      
      <circle cx="180" cy="20" r="5" class="gate-post" />
      <line x1="180" y1="20" x2="230" y2="-12" class="gate-arm-open" />
      <circle cx="260" cy="20" r="5" class="gate-post" />

      
      <path d="M 200 20 L 240 20" stroke="#fca5a5" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="4 4" />
      <text x="220" y="38" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#ef4444">GAP</text>

      
      <g transform="translate(145, 20)">
        
        <rect x="-20" y="-12" width="28" height="24" rx="4" fill="#3b82f6" />
        <rect x="8" y="-9" width="10" height="18" rx="3" fill="#1d4ed8" />
        <rect x="-14" y="-8" width="8" height="16" rx="2" fill="#93c5fd" />
        <circle cx="-10" cy="-12" r="3" fill="#1e293b" />
        <circle cx="6" cy="-12" r="3" fill="#1e293b" />
        <circle cx="-10" cy="12" r="3" fill="#1e293b" />
        <circle cx="6" cy="12" r="3" fill="#1e293b" />
        
        <g transform="translate(18, -16)">
          <polygon points="0,-7 5,-3 5,3 0,7 -5,3 -5,-3" fill="#dc2626" />
          <text x="0" y="3" text-anchor="middle" font-size="7" font-weight="900" fill="#fff">STOP</text>
        </g>
      </g>
    </svg>
    <div class="badge badge-open">Open Switch = Broken Path = OFF</div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="panel closed">
    <span class="status-icon">💡</span>
    <svg class="track-svg" viewBox="0 0 340 130" aria-label="Closed track circuit diagram">
      <defs>
        
        <path id="closedLoop" d="M 60 20 H 280 A 45 45 0 0 1 325 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 280 110 H 60 A 45 45 0 0 1 15 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 60 20 Z" />
      </defs>

      
      <path d="M 60 20 H 280 A 45 45 0 0 1 325 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 280 110 H 60 A 45 45 0 0 1 15 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 60 20 Z" class="rail-base" />
      <path d="M 60 20 H 280 A 45 45 0 0 1 325 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 280 110 H 60 A 45 45 0 0 1 15 65 A 45 45 0 0 1 60 20 Z" class="rail-ties" />

      
      <circle cx="180" cy="20" r="5" class="gate-post" />
      <line x1="180" y1="20" x2="260" y2="20" class="gate-arm-closed" />
      <circle cx="260" cy="20" r="5" class="gate-post" />

      
      <g>
        <rect x="-18" y="-11" width="28" height="22" rx="4" fill="#10b981" />
        <rect x="10" y="-8" width="8" height="16" rx="3" fill="#047857" />
        <rect x="-12" y="-7" width="8" height="14" rx="2" fill="#a7f3d0" />
        <circle cx="-8" cy="-11" r="2.5" fill="#064e3b" />
        <circle cx="6" cy="-11" r="2.5" fill="#064e3b" />
        <circle cx="-8" cy="11" r="2.5" fill="#064e3b" />
        <circle cx="6" cy="11" r="2.5" fill="#064e3b" />
        <animateMotion dur="4.5s" repeatCount="indefinite" rotate="auto">
          <mpath href="#closedLoop" />
        </animateMotion>
      </g>
    </svg>
    <div class="badge badge-closed">Closed Switch = Complete Loop = ON</div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

How a Switch Opens and Closes a Circuit

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }

    body {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      background-color: #f8fafc;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      overflow: hidden;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .svg-wrapper {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      height: auto;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 8px;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Animated current dots flowing clockwise */
    .current-flow {
      stroke-dasharray: 10 40;
      animation: flowClockwise 2.5s linear infinite;
    }

    @keyframes flowClockwise {
      from {
        stroke-dashoffset: 0;
      }
      to {
        stroke-dashoffset: -50;
      }
    }

    /* Glow pulse on bulb */
    .bulb-glow {
      animation: pulseGlow 2.5s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
    }

    @keyframes pulseGlow {
      0% {
        opacity: 0.65;
        transform: scale(0.97);
      }
      100% {
        opacity: 0.95;
        transform: scale(1.03);
      }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="svg-wrapper">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 540 400" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
      <defs>
        
        <radialGradient id="bulbAura" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="50%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fde047" stop-opacity="0.75" />
          <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.3" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#fef08a" stop-opacity="0" />
        </radialGradient>

        
        <filter id="glow" x="-20%" y="-20%" width="140%" height="140%">
          <feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="2.5" result="blur" />
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="blur" operator="over" />
        </filter>

        
        <linearGradient id="batteryCap" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f59e0b" />
          <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#fbbf24" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d97706" />
        </linearGradient>

        
        <linearGradient id="batteryBody" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#334155" />
          <stop offset="40%" stop-color="#475569" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#1e293b" />
        </linearGradient>
      </defs>

      
      <path id="circuit-wire"
        d="M 120 100 H 420 Q 430 100 430 110 V 290 Q 430 300 420 300 H 120 Q 110 300 110 290 V 110 Q 110 100 120 100 Z"
        stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" />

      
      <path
        d="M 120 100 H 420 Q 430 100 430 110 V 290 Q 430 300 420 300 H 120 Q 110 300 110 290 V 110 Q 110 100 120 100 Z"
        stroke="#facc15" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
        class="current-flow" filter="url(#glow)" />

      
      
      <path d="M 265 96 L 275 100 L 265 104" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
      
      <path d="M 275 296 L 265 300 L 275 304" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>

      
      <g transform="translate(110, 200)">
        
        <rect x="-8" y="-72" width="16" height="10" rx="3" fill="#cbd5e1" />
        
        <rect x="-24" y="-62" width="48" height="28" rx="4" fill="url(#batteryCap)" />
        
        <rect x="-24" y="-34" width="48" height="88" rx="4" fill="url(#batteryBody)" />
        
        <rect x="-20" y="54" width="40" height="6" rx="2" fill="#94a3b8" />
        
        
        <text x="0" y="-40" text-anchor="middle" fill="#ffffff" font-size="16" font-weight="bold">+</text>
        <text x="0" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="#94a3b8" font-size="16" font-weight="bold">−</text>
        <text x="0" y="5" text-anchor="middle" fill="#ffffff" font-size="12" font-weight="700" letter-spacing="1">1.5V</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(430, 200)">
        
        <circle cx="0" cy="-14" r="58" fill="url(#bulbAura)" class="bulb-glow" style="transform-origin: 430px 186px;" />

        
        <path d="M -42 -48 L -32 -38 M 0 -68 L 0 -54 M 42 -48 L 32 -38 M 52 -14 L 38 -14 M -52 -14 L -38 -14"
              stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round" opacity="0.85" />

        
        <path d="M -22 8 C -34 -6 -32 -38 0 -44 C 32 -38 34 -6 22 8 Z"
              fill="#fef08a" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="3" />

        
        <path d="M -8 10 L -6 -16 L 0 -22 L 6 -16 L 8 10"
              stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" />
        
        
        <rect x="-14" y="8" width="28" height="18" rx="3" fill="#94a3b8" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2" />
        <line x1="-12" y1="14" x2="12" y2="14" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2" />
        <line x1="-12" y1="20" x2="12" y2="20" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2" />
        
        <path d="M -8 26 Q 0 32 8 26 Z" fill="#475569" />
      </g>

      
      
      <g transform="translate(110, 335)">
        <text x="0" y="0" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0f172a" font-size="14" font-weight="700">Battery</text>
        <text x="0" y="16" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="12" font-weight="500">(Power source)</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(430, 335)">
        <text x="0" y="0" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0f172a" font-size="14" font-weight="700">Bulb</text>
        <text x="0" y="16" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b" font-size="12" font-weight="500">(Light)</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(270, 68)">
        <rect x="-64" y="-18" width="128" height="26" rx="13" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="1.5" />
        <text x="0" y="-1" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0369a1" font-size="12" font-weight="700">Connecting wire</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(270, 200)">
        <rect x="-70" y="-18" width="140" height="36" rx="18" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#fef08a" stroke-width="2" />
        <circle cx="-50" cy="0" r="5" fill="#eab308" filter="url(#glow)" />
        <text x="10" y="4" text-anchor="middle" fill="#854d0e" font-size="13" font-weight="700">Electric current</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Open vs Closed Switch</title>
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: #f8fafc;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100vh;
    }
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
      gap: 16px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 620px;
    }
    .panel {
      background: transparent;
      padding: 4px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      position: relative;
    }
    .title-badge {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 14px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }
    .badge-open {
      background: #e2e8f0;
      color: #475569;
    }
    .badge-closed {
      background: #fef08a;
      color: #854d0e;
    }
    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      max-height: 220px;
      display: block;
    }
    /* Smooth, non-flickering current flow animation */
    .flow-line {
      stroke: #eab308;
      stroke-width: 3.5;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      stroke-dasharray: 8 16;
      animation: currentFlow 2.8s linear infinite;
    }
    @keyframes currentFlow {
      from { stroke-dashoffset: 48; }
      to { stroke-dashoffset: 0; }
    }
    /* Gentle glowing pulse on bulb */
    .glow-effect {
      animation: bulbPulse 2.4s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
    }
    @keyframes bulbPulse {
      0% { opacity: 0.55; }
      100% { opacity: 0.95; }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="panel">
      <div class="title-badge badge-open">
        <span>⚪ Open Switch (OFF)</span>
      </div>
      <svg viewBox="0 0 280 180" aria-label="Open circuit diagram with lifted switch and unlit bulb">
        
        <path d="M 45 55 L 45 145 L 205 145 L 205 115" fill="none" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" />
        <path d="M 205 75 L 205 55 L 130 55" fill="none" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" />

        
        <g transform="translate(115, 145)">
          <rect x="-24" y="-12" width="48" height="24" rx="4" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <line x1="-12" y1="-9" x2="-12" y2="9" stroke="#1e2945" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="0" y1="-5" x2="0" y2="5" stroke="#1e2945" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <text x="-20" y="-14" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#64748b">+</text>
          <text x="13" y="-14" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#64748b">−</text>
          <text x="0" y="24" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#475569" text-anchor="middle">Cell</text>
        </g>

        
        <circle cx="45" cy="55" r="5" fill="#64748b" stroke="#334155" stroke-width="2"/>
        <circle cx="130" cy="55" r="5" fill="#64748b" stroke="#334155" stroke-width="2"/>
        
        
        <line x1="45" y1="55" x2="105" y2="20" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        <circle cx="105" cy="20" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7"/>

        
        <g transform="translate(125, 34)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="9" fill="#fee2e2" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <line x1="-4" y1="-4" x2="4" y2="4" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="4" y1="-4" x2="-4" y2="4" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        </g>
        
        <text x="125" y="16" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#dc2626" text-anchor="middle">Gap in circuit</text>

        
        <g transform="translate(205, 95)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="16" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="2"/>
          <path d="M -5 -4 Q 0 -10 5 -4" fill="none" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <rect x="-6" y="14" width="12" height="6" fill="#cbd5e1" rx="1"/>
          
          <text x="24" y="4" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#64748b" text-anchor="start">Unlit</text>
        </g>
      </svg>
    </div>

    
    <div class="panel">
      <div class="title-badge badge-closed">
        <span>🟡 Closed Switch (ON)</span>
      </div>
      <svg viewBox="0 0 280 180" aria-label="Closed circuit diagram with continuous current and glowing bulb">
        
        <path d="M 45 55 L 45 145 L 205 145 L 205 55 Z" fill="none" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" />

        
        <path d="M 45 55 L 45 145 L 205 145 L 205 55 Z" fill="none" class="flow-line" stroke-linejoin="round" />

        
        <g transform="translate(115, 145)">
          <rect x="-24" y="-12" width="48" height="24" rx="4" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <line x1="-12" y1="-9" x2="-12" y2="9" stroke="#1e2945" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="0" y1="-5" x2="0" y2="5" stroke="#1e2945" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <text x="-20" y="-14" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#64748b">+</text>
          <text x="13" y="-14" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#64748b">−</text>
          <text x="0" y="24" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#475569" text-anchor="middle">Cell</text>
        </g>

        
        <circle cx="45" cy="55" r="5" fill="#64748b" stroke="#334155" stroke-width="2"/>
        <circle cx="130" cy="55" r="5" fill="#64748b" stroke="#334155" stroke-width="2"/>
        
        
        <line x1="45" y1="55" x2="130" y2="55" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        <circle cx="130" cy="55" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7"/>

        
        <text x="87" y="42" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#0284c7" text-anchor="middle">Path closed</text>

        
        <g class="glow-effect">
          <circle cx="205" cy="95" r="26" fill="#fef08a" opacity="0.4"/>
          
          <line x1="205" y1="65" x2="205" y2="58" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="227" y1="73" x2="232" y2="68" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="235" y1="95" x2="242" y2="95" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="227" y1="117" x2="232" y2="122" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="183" y1="73" x2="178" y2="68" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="175" y1="95" x2="168" y2="95" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="183" y1="117" x2="178" y2="122" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(205, 95)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="16" fill="#fde047" stroke="#eab308" stroke-width="2"/>
          <path d="M -5 -4 Q 0 -11 5 -4" fill="none" stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="2"/>
          <rect x="-6" y="14" width="12" height="6" fill="#94a3b8" rx="1"/>
          
          <text x="24" y="4" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#854d0e" text-anchor="start">Lit (Glows)</text>
        </g>
      </svg>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #0f172a;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: flex-start;
      gap: 12px;
      padding: 12px 10px;
      min-height: auto;
      overflow-x: hidden;
    }

    .badge-callout {
      background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1.5px solid #0284c7;
      color: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 13.5px;
      padding: 6px 16px;
      border-radius: 9999px;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    .label-box {
      fill: #0f172a;
      stroke-width: 1.5px;
      rx: 8px;
    }

    .label-title {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.2px;
    }

    .label-desc {
      font-size: 11.5px;
      fill: #e2e8f0;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

    /* Flowing current particles */
    .electron {
      fill: #fef08a;
      stroke: #ca8a04;
      stroke-width: 1;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 0 4px #eab308);
      opacity: 0;
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    }

    .flowing .electron {
      opacity: 1;
      animation: flowRight 1.5s linear infinite;
    }

    @keyframes flowRight {
      0% { transform: translateX(0); }
      100% { transform: translateX(110px); }
    }

    .btn-toggle {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1.5px solid #94a3b8;
      color: #0f172a;
      padding: 7px 18px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: background 0.15s, border-color 0.15s, color 0.15s;
    }

    .btn-toggle:hover {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border-color: #64748b;
    }

    .btn-toggle.active {
      background: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #0284c7;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="badge-callout">
    <span aria-hidden="true">⚡</span>
    <span>Connecting Wire = Electric Path</span>
  </div>

  
  <div class="svg-container">
    <svg id="wireSvg" viewBox="0 0 540 236">
      <defs>
        
        <linearGradient id="plasticGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="0%" y2="100%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#38bdf8" />
          <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#0284c7" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0369a1" />
        </linearGradient>
        
        <linearGradient id="copperGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="0%" y2="100%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fdba74" />
          <stop offset="35%" stop-color="#f97316" />
          <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#c2410c" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7c2d12" />
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="coreEndGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ea580c" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#fed7aa" />
        </linearGradient>

        
        <marker id="arrowCore" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" fill="#f97316" />
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrowPlastic" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" fill="#0284c7" />
        </marker>

        
        <clipPath id="coreClip">
          <rect x="230" y="98" width="160" height="28" rx="2" />
        </clipPath>
      </defs>

      
      
      <rect x="50" y="85" width="220" height="54" rx="27" fill="url(#plasticGrad)" />

      
      <rect x="230" y="98" width="160" height="28" rx="3" fill="url(#copperGrad)" />
      
      
      <line x1="235" y1="105" x2="385" y2="105" stroke="#fed7aa" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-opacity="0.8" />
      <line x1="235" y1="112" x2="388" y2="112" stroke="#7c2d12" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-opacity="0.6" />
      <line x1="235" y1="119" x2="385" y2="119" stroke="#fed7aa" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-opacity="0.7" />

      
      <ellipse cx="390" cy="112" rx="7" ry="14" fill="url(#coreEndGrad)" stroke="#c2410c" stroke-width="1.5" />

      
      <path d="M 270 85 C 280 98, 280 126, 270 139 C 260 126, 260 98, 270 85 Z" fill="#0369a1" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="1.5" />

      
      <g clip-path="url(#coreClip)">
        <g class="electron-group">
          
          <circle class="electron" cx="240" cy="112" r="3.5" />
          <circle class="electron" cx="275" cy="112" r="3.5" />
          <circle class="electron" cx="310" cy="112" r="3.5" />
          <circle class="electron" cx="345" cy="112" r="3.5" />
          <circle class="electron" cx="380" cy="112" r="3.5" />
        </g>
      </g>

      
      
      
      <g transform="translate(258, 8)">
        <rect class="label-box" x="0" y="0" width="246" height="48" stroke="#f97316" />
        <text x="12" y="20" class="label-title" fill="#fdba74">Metal Core (Copper)</text>
        <text x="12" y="37" class="label-desc">Lets electric current flow through</text>
      </g>
      
      <path d="M 345 56 L 345 78 L 345 92" fill="none" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" marker-end="url(#arrowCore)" />

      
      <g transform="translate(36, 172)">
        <rect class="label-box" x="0" y="0" width="236" height="48" stroke="#38bdf8" />
        <text x="12" y="20" class="label-title" fill="#7dd3fc">Plastic Coating</text>
        <text x="12" y="37" class="label-desc">Keeps you safe from shocks</text>
      </g>
      
      <path d="M 155 172 L 155 156 L 155 145" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" marker-end="url(#arrowPlastic)" />

    </svg>
  </div>

  
  <button id="toggleBtn" class="btn-toggle" aria-label="Toggle electric current flow">
    <span aria-hidden="true">⚡</span>
    <span id="btnText">Show Electric Current</span>
  </button>

  <script>
    const btn = document.getElementById('toggleBtn');
    const svg = document.getElementById('wireSvg');
    const btnText = document.getElementById('btnText');
    let isFlowing = false;

    btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
      isFlowing = !isFlowing;
      if (isFlowing) {
        svg.classList.add('flowing');
        btn.classList.add('active');
        btnText.textContent = 'Current Flowing (Click to stop)';
      } else {
        svg.classList.remove('flowing');
        btn.classList.remove('active');
        btnText.textContent = 'Show Electric Current';
      }
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Identifying Circuit Components: Cells, Wires, Bulbs, Buzzers, and Motors

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: transparent;
      color: #0f172a;
      padding: 12px;
      user-select: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
    }
    .header-pill {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #475569;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 9999px;
      margin: 0 auto 14px auto;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    }
    .header-wrap {
      text-align: center;
    }
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 12px;
      max-width: 820px;
      margin: 0 auto;
    }
    @media (max-width: 580px) {
      .grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 14px;
      }
    }
    .panel {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 14px;
      padding: 14px 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      text-align: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      position: relative;
      transition: border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease, background 0.25s ease;
    }
    .panel:hover {
      border-color: #cbd5e1;
    }
    .panel.active-lamp {
      border-color: #f59e0b;
      box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2);
      background: #fffdfa;
    }
    .panel.active-buzzer {
      border-color: #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.2);
      background: #f8fbff;
    }
    .panel.active-motor {
      border-color: #059669;
      box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(5, 150, 105, 0.2);
      background: #f7fdfb;
    }
    .title {
      font-size: 16px;
      font-weight: 800;
      color: #0f172a;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }
    .vis-box {
      width: 100px;
      height: 90px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      position: relative;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }
    .badge {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }
    .badge-amber { background: #fef3c7; color: #b45309; }
    .badge-sky { background: #e0f2fe; color: #0369a1; }
    .badge-emerald { background: #d1fae5; color: #047857; }

    .symbol-container {
      width: 100%;
      border-top: 1px dashed #e2e8f0;
      padding-top: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .symbol-label {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    }
    .symbol-svg {
      width: 60px;
      height: 36px;
    }

    /* Switch toggle mini button */
    .toggle-btn {
      margin-top: 10px;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 12px;
      border-radius: 9999px;
      border: none;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #475569;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      pointer-events: none;
    }
    .active-lamp .toggle-btn { background: #f59e0b; color: #fff; }
    .active-buzzer .toggle-btn { background: #0284c7; color: #fff; }
    .active-motor .toggle-btn { background: #059669; color: #fff; }

    /* Animated Elements */
    .lamp-rays {
      opacity: 0;
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    }
    .active-lamp .lamp-rays {
      opacity: 1;
    }
    .lamp-bulb-fill {
      fill: #e2e8f0;
      transition: fill 0.3s ease;
    }
    .active-lamp .lamp-bulb-fill {
      fill: #fde047;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 0 8px #f59e0b);
    }
    .lamp-filament {
      stroke: #94a3b8;
      transition: stroke 0.3s ease;
    }
    .active-lamp .lamp-filament {
      stroke: #ea580c;
    }

    .sound-arc {
      opacity: 0;
      transform-origin: center;
      transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
    }
    .active-buzzer .sound-arc {
      animation: soundPulse 1s infinite ease-out;
    }
    .active-buzzer .sound-arc-2 {
      animation: soundPulse 1s infinite ease-out 0.3s;
    }
    @keyframes soundPulse {
      0% { opacity: 0; stroke-width: 3; }
      50% { opacity: 1; stroke-width: 2.5; }
      100% { opacity: 0; stroke-width: 1; }
    }
    .buzzer-body {
      transform-origin: 50% 60%;
    }
    .active-buzzer .buzzer-body {
      animation: buzzVibe 0.1s infinite alternate ease-in-out;
    }
    @keyframes buzzVibe {
      0% { transform: translateY(-0.75px); }
      100% { transform: translateY(0.75px); }
    }

    .propeller {
      transform-origin: 50px 36px;
    }
    .active-motor .propeller {
      animation: spin 0.45s linear infinite;
    }
    @keyframes spin {
      100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="header-wrap">
    <div class="header-pill">⚡ Electrical Energy → Useful Output</div>
  </div>

  <div class="grid">
    
    
    <div class="panel active-lamp" id="panelLamp" onclick="toggleOutput('lamp')">
      <div class="title">Lamp (Bulb)</div>
      
      <div class="vis-box">
        <svg width="90" height="90" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
          
          <g class="lamp-rays" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round">
            <line x1="50" y1="10" x2="50" y2="2" />
            <line x1="20" y1="20" x2="14" y2="14" />
            <line x1="80" y1="20" x2="86" y2="14" />
            <line x1="10" y1="50" x2="2" y2="50" />
            <line x1="90" y1="50" x2="98" y2="50" />
          </g>
          
          <path class="lamp-bulb-fill" d="M 35 62 C 24 54 24 32 35 22 C 43 14 57 14 65 22 C 76 32 76 54 65 62 L 61 70 L 39 70 Z" />
          
          <line x1="44" y1="70" x2="44" y2="40" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5" />
          <line x1="56" y1="70" x2="56" y2="40" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5" />
          <path class="lamp-filament" d="M 44 40 C 47 32 53 32 56 40" fill="none" stroke-width="2" />
          
          <rect x="39" y="70" width="22" height="4" rx="2" fill="#d97706" />
          <rect x="40" y="75" width="20" height="4" rx="2" fill="#b45309" />
          <rect x="41" y="80" width="18" height="4" rx="2" fill="#d97706" />
          
          <path d="M 45 84 L 55 84 L 52 89 L 48 89 Z" fill="#64748b" />
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="badge badge-amber">✨ Light</div>

      <div class="symbol-container">
        <span class="symbol-label">Circuit Symbol</span>
        <svg class="symbol-svg" viewBox="0 0 60 36">
          <line x1="0" y1="18" x2="16" y2="18" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <circle cx="30" cy="18" r="14" fill="none" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <line x1="20" y1="8" x2="40" y2="28" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <line x1="40" y1="8" x2="20" y2="28" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <line x1="44" y1="18" x2="60" y2="18" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
        </svg>
      </div>

      <button class="toggle-btn" id="btn-lamp">● ON</button>
    </div>

    
    <div class="panel active-buzzer" id="panelBuzzer" onclick="toggleOutput('buzzer')">
      <div class="title">Buzzer</div>
      
      <div class="vis-box">
        <svg width="90" height="90" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
          
          <path class="sound-arc sound-arc-1" d="M 22 36 A 20 20 0 0 0 22 64" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-linecap="round" />
          <path class="sound-arc sound-arc-2" d="M 12 26 A 34 34 0 0 0 12 74" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-linecap="round" />
          
          <path class="sound-arc sound-arc-1" d="M 78 36 A 20 20 0 0 1 78 64" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-linecap="round" />
          <path class="sound-arc sound-arc-2" d="M 88 26 A 34 34 0 0 1 88 74" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-linecap="round" />

          
          <g class="buzzer-body">
            
            <rect x="30" y="32" width="40" height="36" rx="4" fill="#1e293b" />
            
            <ellipse cx="50" cy="32" rx="20" ry="6" fill="#334155" />
            <circle cx="50" cy="32" r="4" fill="#0f172a" />
            
            <path d="M 40 68 L 40 86" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <path d="M 60 68 L 60 86" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" />
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="badge badge-sky">🔊 Sound</div>

      <div class="symbol-container">
        <span class="symbol-label">Circuit Symbol</span>
        <svg class="symbol-svg" viewBox="0 0 60 36">
          <line x1="0" y1="26" x2="22" y2="26" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <line x1="38" y1="26" x2="60" y2="26" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          
          <path d="M 18 20 A 12 12 0 0 1 42 20 Z" fill="none" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <line x1="16" y1="20" x2="44" y2="20" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <line x1="22" y1="20" x2="22" y2="26" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <line x1="38" y1="20" x2="38" y2="26" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
        </svg>
      </div>

      <button class="toggle-btn" id="btn-buzzer">● ON</button>
    </div>

    
    <div class="panel active-motor" id="panelMotor" onclick="toggleOutput('motor')">
      <div class="title">Motor</div>
      
      <div class="vis-box">
        <svg width="90" height="90" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
          
          <rect x="36" y="44" width="28" height="38" rx="3" fill="#94a3b8" />
          <rect x="39" y="44" width="22" height="38" fill="#cbd5e1" />
          
          <rect x="40" y="82" width="4" height="6" fill="#d97706" />
          <rect x="56" y="82" width="4" height="6" fill="#d97706" />
          
          <rect x="48" y="24" width="4" height="20" fill="#64748b" />
          
          
          <g class="propeller">
            
            <path d="M 50 36 C 42 24 40 10 50 8 C 60 10 58 24 50 36 Z" fill="#06b6d4" opacity="0.9" />
            
            <path d="M 50 36 C 62 42 74 48 74 38 C 72 28 60 32 50 36 Z" fill="#0891b2" opacity="0.9" />
            
            <path d="M 50 36 C 38 42 26 48 26 38 C 28 28 40 32 50 36 Z" fill="#0891b2" opacity="0.9" />
            
            <circle cx="50" cy="36" r="4.5" fill="#0f172a" />
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="badge badge-emerald">🔄 Movement</div>

      <div class="symbol-container">
        <span class="symbol-label">Circuit Symbol</span>
        <svg class="symbol-svg" viewBox="0 0 60 36">
          <line x1="0" y1="18" x2="16" y2="18" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <circle cx="30" cy="18" r="14" fill="none" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
          <text x="30" y="24" font-size="16" font-family="system-ui, sans-serif" font-weight="bold" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0f172a">M</text>
          <line x1="44" y1="18" x2="60" y2="18" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2" />
        </svg>
      </div>

      <button class="toggle-btn" id="btn-motor">● ON</button>
    </div>

  </div>

  <script>
    const states = {
      lamp: true,
      buzzer: true,
      motor: true
    };

    let audioCtx = null;

    function playBuzzerTone() {
      try {
        if (!audioCtx) {
          audioCtx = new (window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext)();
        }
        if (audioCtx.state === 'suspended') {
          audioCtx.resume();
        }
        const osc = audioCtx.createOscillator();
        const gain = audioCtx.createGain();
        osc.type = 'sawtooth';
        osc.frequency.setValueAtTime(440, audioCtx.currentTime);
        gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0.08, audioCtx.currentTime);
        gain.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.001, audioCtx.currentTime + 0.35);
        osc.connect(gain);
        gain.connect(audioCtx.destination);
        osc.start();
        osc.stop(audioCtx.currentTime + 0.35);
      } catch (e) {
        // Safe fallback if audio context is restricted
      }
    }

    function toggleOutput(type) {
      states[type] = !states[type];
      const panel = document.getElementById('panel' + type.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + type.slice(1));
      const btn = document.getElementById('btn-' + type);
      const activeClass = 'active-' + type;

      if (states[type]) {
        panel.classList.add(activeClass);
        btn.textContent = '● ON';
        if (type === 'buzzer') {
          playBuzzerTone();
        }
      } else {
        panel.classList.remove(activeClass);
        btn.textContent = '○ OFF';
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="1:1">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }

    body {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      background: transparent;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 8px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .diagram-svg {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 440px;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
    }

    /* Calming looping push pulse */
    .flow-line {
      stroke-dasharray: 6 6;
      animation: pushFlow 2.4s linear infinite;
    }

    @keyframes pushFlow {
      to {
        stroke-dashoffset: -24;
      }
    }

    .label-title {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #1e2945;
    }

    .label-sub {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      fill: #0284c7;
    }

    .badge-text {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #0f172a;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
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      <marker id="arrow" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
        <path d="M 0 1 L 8 5 L 0 9 z" fill="#0284c7" />
      </marker>
    </defs>

    
    <g transform="translate(0, 8)">
      
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            stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round" fill="none" 
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      <text x="190" y="38" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" font-weight="900" fill="#334155">+</text>

      
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      <text x="190" y="146" text-anchor="middle" font-size="18" font-weight="900" fill="#1e40af">−</text>

      
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      <circle cx="175" cy="35" r="2.5" fill="#475569" />
      <text x="140" y="39" text-anchor="end" class="label-title">Positive Terminal</text>

      
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      <circle cx="164" cy="167" r="2.5" fill="#475569" />
      <text x="140" y="171" text-anchor="end" class="label-title">Negative Terminal</text>
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      <rect x="80" y="80" width="100" height="42" fill="url(#cellBody)" stroke="#1e3a8a" stroke-width="1.5" />
      
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      <text x="96" y="106" text-anchor="middle" font-size="16" font-weight="900" fill="#ffffff">−</text>
      <text x="156" y="106" text-anchor="middle" font-size="16" font-weight="900" fill="#ffffff">+</text>

      
      
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      <rect x="200" y="80" width="100" height="42" fill="url(#cellBody)" stroke="#1e3a8a" stroke-width="1.5" />
      
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      <text x="276" y="106" text-anchor="middle" font-size="16" font-weight="900" fill="#ffffff">+</text>

      
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      <circle cx="68" cy="152" r="3" fill="#0284c7" />
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  </svg>
</body>
</html>

science.ks2.y2.t5.s2

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