<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e293b;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
      max-width: 680px;
      margin: 0 auto;
    }

    /* Reactivity Benchmark Header */
    .carbon-divider-wrap {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
    }

    .carbon-divider {
      background: #1e293b;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
      max-width: 100%;
    }

    .divider-highlight {
      background: #f59e0b;
      color: #0f172a;
      padding: 1px 7px;
      border-radius: 10px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    }

    .divider-arrow {
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 10px;
    }

    /* Top Split Layout */
    .split-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .column-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      text-align: center;
      gap: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    }

    .card-left {
      border: 1.5px solid #bfdbfe;
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f0f7ff 0%, #ffffff 100%);
    }

    .card-right {
      border: 1.5px solid #fed7aa;
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fffaf5 0%, #ffffff 100%);
    }

    .badge {
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 800;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
    }

    .badge-blue { background: #dbeafe; color: #1d4ed8; }
    .badge-orange { background: #ffedd5; color: #c2410c; }

    .metals-list {
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 13px;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
      color: #0f172a;
      margin: 2px 0;
    }

    .method-icon {
      font-size: 24px;
      line-height: 1.1;
    }

    .method-title {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .method-desc {
      font-size: 10.5px;
      color: #475569;
      font-weight: 500;
      line-height: 1.25;
    }

    /* Equation Section */
    .equation-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 8px 6px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    }

    .eq-title {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #475569;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 520px;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
    }

    .eq-text {
      font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 16px;
      fill: #0f172a;
    }

    .eq-sym {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #64748b;
    }

    .label-red {
      font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #dc2626;
    }

    .label-ox {
      font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #16a34a;
    }

    .flow-arrow {
      stroke-dasharray: 5 4;
      animation: flow 1.5s linear infinite;
    }

    @keyframes flow {
      from { stroke-dashoffset: 18; }
      to { stroke-dashoffset: 0; }
    }

    @media (max-width: 380px) {
      body { padding: 6px; gap: 8px; }
      .carbon-divider { font-size: 9.5px; padding: 4px 8px; gap: 4px; }
      .divider-highlight { padding: 1px 5px; }
      .metals-list { font-size: 11.5px; }
      .method-title { font-size: 11px; }
      .method-desc { font-size: 9.5px; }
      .badge { font-size: 9px; padding: 2px 5px; }
      .eq-title { font-size: 10px; }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="carbon-divider-wrap">
    <div class="carbon-divider">
      <span class="divider-arrow">◀ More Reactive</span>
      <span>•</span>
      <span class="divider-highlight">CARBON (C)</span>
      <span>•</span>
      <span class="divider-arrow">Less Reactive ▶</span>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="split-grid">
    
    <div class="column-card card-left">
      <span class="badge badge-blue">Above Carbon</span>
      <div class="metals-list">K · Na · Ca · Mg · Al</div>
      <div class="method-icon">⚡</div>
      <div class="method-title" style="color: #1d4ed8;">Electrolysis Required</div>
      <div class="method-desc">Expensive &amp; High Energy<br>Carbon cannot displace</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="column-card card-right">
      <span class="badge badge-orange">Below Carbon</span>
      <div class="metals-list">Zn · Fe · Cu</div>
      <div class="method-icon">🔥</div>
      <div class="method-title" style="color: #c2410c;">Reduction by Carbon</div>
      <div class="method-desc">Cheap &amp; Industrial Scale<br>Carbon takes oxygen</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="equation-card">
    <div class="eq-title">Oxygen Transfer in Blast Furnace</div>
    <svg class="svg-container" viewBox="0 0 460 116">
      <defs>
        <marker id="arrow-red" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" fill="#dc2626" />
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrow-green" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" fill="#16a34a" />
        </marker>
      </defs>

      
      <path d="M 52 40 C 52 18, 280 18, 280 40" fill="none" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="2.2" marker-end="url(#arrow-red)" />
      
      <rect x="75" y="5" width="180" height="15" fill="#ffffff" rx="4" />
      <text x="165" y="17" class="label-red" text-anchor="middle">Reduction: Oxygen Lost (−O)</text>

      
      
      <text x="52" y="59" class="eq-text" text-anchor="middle">2Fe₂O₃</text>
      
      <text x="110" y="59" class="eq-sym" text-anchor="middle">+</text>
      
      <text x="160" y="59" class="eq-text" text-anchor="middle">3C</text>
      
      <text x="218" y="60" class="eq-sym" text-anchor="middle" font-size="18">➔</text>
      
      <text x="280" y="59" class="eq-text" text-anchor="middle">4Fe</text>
      
      <text x="338" y="59" class="eq-sym" text-anchor="middle">+</text>
      
      <text x="398" y="59" class="eq-text" text-anchor="middle">3CO₂</text>

      
      <path d="M 160 72 C 160 92, 398 92, 398 72" fill="none" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="2.2" class="flow-arrow" marker-end="url(#arrow-green)" />
      
      <text x="279" y="110" class="label-ox" text-anchor="middle">Oxidation: Carbon Takes Oxygen (+O)</text>
    </svg>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

The Reactivity Series of Metals and Carbon

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
      padding: 12px;
    }

    .tubes-container {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 20px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 520px;
    }

    .tube-col {
      flex: 1;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      min-width: 140px;
    }

    .header-label {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      text-align: center;
      color: #1e2945;
    }

    .badge {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 12px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      text-align: center;
    }
    .badge-success {
      background: #e6f9ed;
      color: #0d8a43;
      border: 1px solid #b7ebd0;
    }
    .badge-neutral {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #64748b;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    }

    .tube-stage {
      position: relative;
      width: 80px;
      height: 190px;
    }

    /* Test tube glass */
    .test-tube {
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      border: 3px solid #94a3b8;
      border-top: none;
      border-bottom-left-radius: 40px;
      border-bottom-right-radius: 40px;
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%, rgba(240,249,255,0.2) 30%, rgba(255,255,255,0.5) 100%);
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: inset -2px 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.03), inset 2px 0 5px rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
      z-index: 2;
    }

    .tube-lip {
      position: absolute;
      top: -3px;
      left: -6px;
      right: -6px;
      height: 6px;
      border: 3px solid #94a3b8;
      border-radius: 4px;
      background: #ffffff;
      z-index: 3;
    }

    /* Acid liquid */
    .liquid {
      position: absolute;
      bottom: 0;
      left: 0;
      right: 0;
      height: 140px;
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(224, 242, 254, 0.45) 0%, rgba(186, 230, 253, 0.6) 100%);
      border-top: 2px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.6);
      border-bottom-left-radius: 36px;
      border-bottom-right-radius: 36px;
    }

    /* Metal samples */
    .metal-zinc {
      position: absolute;
      bottom: 8px;
      left: 50%;
      transform: translateX(-50%);
      width: 32px;
      height: 22px;
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #94a3b8, #64748b);
      border-radius: 4px;
      border: 1px solid #475569;
      box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
      z-index: 4;
    }

    .metal-copper {
      position: absolute;
      bottom: 8px;
      left: 50%;
      transform: translateX(-50%);
      width: 32px;
      height: 22px;
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fb923c, #b45309);
      border-radius: 4px;
      border: 1px solid #9a3412;
      box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
      z-index: 4;
    }

    /* Bubbles animation */
    .bubble {
      position: absolute;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
      border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.8);
      border-radius: 50%;
      opacity: 0;
      animation: rise 2.2s infinite ease-in;
    }

    .b1 { width: 6px; height: 6px; left: 24px; bottom: 30px; animation-delay: 0.1s; }
    .b2 { width: 9px; height: 9px; left: 40px; bottom: 28px; animation-delay: 0.5s; }
    .b3 { width: 7px; height: 7px; left: 52px; bottom: 32px; animation-delay: 0.9s; }
    .b4 { width: 5px; height: 5px; left: 32px; bottom: 26px; animation-delay: 1.3s; }
    .b5 { width: 8px; height: 8px; left: 45px; bottom: 30px; animation-delay: 1.7s; }
    .b6 { width: 6px; height: 6px; left: 20px; bottom: 34px; animation-delay: 2.0s; }

    @keyframes rise {
      0% {
        transform: translateY(0) scale(0.6);
        opacity: 0.8;
      }
      80% {
        opacity: 0.9;
      }
      100% {
        transform: translateY(-115px) scale(1.15);
        opacity: 0;
      }
    }

    .equation {
      margin-top: 14px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #334155;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 1.3;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      width: 100%;
    }

    .sub {
      font-size: 9px;
      vertical-align: sub;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="tubes-container">
    
    <div class="tube-col">
      <div class="header-label">Zinc + Acid</div>
      <div class="badge badge-success">Above H → Reaction</div>
      
      <div class="tube-stage">
        <div class="tube-lip"></div>
        <div class="test-tube">
          <div class="liquid"></div>
          <div class="bubble b1"></div>
          <div class="bubble b2"></div>
          <div class="bubble b3"></div>
          <div class="bubble b4"></div>
          <div class="bubble b5"></div>
          <div class="bubble b6"></div>
          <div class="metal-zinc"></div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="equation">
        Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl<span class="sub">2</span> + H<span class="sub">2</span> ↑
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="tube-col">
      <div class="header-label">Copper + Acid</div>
      <div class="badge badge-neutral">Below H → No Reaction</div>
      
      <div class="tube-stage">
        <div class="tube-lip"></div>
        <div class="test-tube">
          <div class="liquid"></div>
          <div class="metal-copper"></div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="equation">
        Cu + HCl → No Reaction
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="1:1">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      background: transparent;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      height: 100%;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .series-layout {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 36px 1fr;
      gap: 10px;
      height: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      width: 100%;
      align-items: stretch;
    }

    /* Trend Indicator Arrow */
    .arrow-col {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      background: linear-gradient(to top, #e2e8f0 0%, #38bdf8 40%, #f97316 100%);
      border-radius: 20px;
      padding: 10px 0;
      position: relative;
    }
    .arrow-head {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 900;
      color: #fff;
      margin-top: 2px;
    }
    .arrow-text {
      writing-mode: vertical-rl;
      transform: rotate(180deg);
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #0f172a;
      white-space: nowrap;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    /* Ladder tiers */
    .ladder {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 6px;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .tier {
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 4px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
      border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    }
    .tier:hover {
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    }

    .tier-header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.4px;
    }

    .elements-row {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 4px;
    }

    .elem {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: baseline;
      gap: 2px;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    }
    .sym {
      font-weight: 800;
      color: #0f172a;
    }
    .name {
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #64748b;
    }

    /* Color Themes */
    .tier-high {
      background: #fff7ed;
      border-color: #fdba74;
    }
    .tier-high .tier-header { color: #c2410c; }
    .tier-high .sym { color: #9a3412; }

    .tier-carbon {
      background: #334155;
      color: #f8fafc;
      border-color: #1e293b;
    }
    .tier-carbon .tier-header { color: #cbd5e1; }
    .tier-carbon .elem {
      background: #1e293b;
      color: #f8fafc;
    }
    .tier-carbon .sym { color: #38bdf8; }
    .tier-carbon .name { color: #94a3b8; }

    .tier-mid {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-color: #cbd5e1;
    }
    .tier-mid .tier-header { color: #475569; }

    .tier-hydrogen {
      background: #ecfeff;
      border-color: #67e8f9;
    }
    .tier-hydrogen .tier-header { color: #0891b2; }
    .tier-hydrogen .elem {
      background: #cffafe;
    }
    .tier-hydrogen .sym { color: #0e7490; }
    .tier-hydrogen .name { color: #155e75; }

    .tier-low {
      background: #fefce8;
      border-color: #fde047;
    }
    .tier-low .tier-header { color: #a16207; }
    .tier-low .sym { color: #854d0e; }

    /* Compact info pill at bottom */
    .info-bar {
      margin-top: 6px;
      text-align: center;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="series-layout">
    
    <div class="arrow-col">
      <div class="arrow-head">▲</div>
      <div class="arrow-text">Increasing Reactivity & Ion Formation</div>
      <div style="font-size:10px; color:#64748b; font-weight:700;">●</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="ladder">
      
      <div class="tier tier-high" onclick="showDetail('Extract via electrolysis • Reacts with cold water')">
        <div class="tier-header">
          <span>Most Reactive</span>
          <span style="font-size:10px; font-weight:600;">Lose e⁻ easily</span>
        </div>
        <div class="elements-row">
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">K</span><span class="name">Potassium</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Na</span><span class="name">Sodium</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Li</span><span class="name">Lithium</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Ca</span><span class="name">Calcium</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Mg</span><span class="name">Magnesium</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Al</span><span class="name">Aluminium</span></div>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="tier tier-carbon" onclick="showDetail('Non-metal benchmark: Metals below can be extracted with Carbon')">
        <div class="tier-header">
          <span>Benchmark: Extraction</span>
          <span style="font-size:10px; color:#38bdf8;">Non-metal</span>
        </div>
        <div class="elements-row">
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">C</span><span class="name">Carbon</span></div>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="tier tier-mid" onclick="showDetail('Extract by Carbon reduction • Reacts with acids')">
        <div class="tier-header">
          <span>Moderate Reactivity</span>
          <span style="font-size:10px; color:#64748b;">React with acids</span>
        </div>
        <div class="elements-row">
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Zn</span><span class="name">Zinc</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Fe</span><span class="name">Iron</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Sn</span><span class="name">Tin</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Pb</span><span class="name">Lead</span></div>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="tier tier-hydrogen" onclick="showDetail('Non-metal benchmark: Metals above displace H⁺ from acids')">
        <div class="tier-header">
          <span>Benchmark: Acid Displacement</span>
          <span style="font-size:10px; color:#0891b2;">Non-metal</span>
        </div>
        <div class="elements-row">
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">H</span><span class="name">Hydrogen</span></div>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="tier tier-low" onclick="showDetail('Found uncombined in nature as native metals')">
        <div class="tier-header">
          <span>Unreactive / Native</span>
          <span style="font-size:10px; color:#854d0e;">Found pure</span>
        </div>
        <div class="elements-row">
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Cu</span><span class="name">Copper</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Ag</span><span class="name">Silver</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Au</span><span class="name">Gold</span></div>
          <div class="elem"><span class="sym">Pt</span><span class="name">Platinum</span></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div id="infoBar" class="info-bar">
    Tap any tier to inspect extraction & reactivity
  </div>

  <script>
    function showDetail(msg) {
      document.getElementById('infoBar').textContent = msg;
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

UK-GCSE-SCIENCE-CHEM-CI-03-01

Aligned learning resources

Related diagrams