<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>Metal Displacement Reaction</title>
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    }

    body {
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    /* Header Controls */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .btn-step {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      border-radius: 20px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }

    .btn-step.active {
      background: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #2563eb;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.25);
    }

    /* Comparison Grid */
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 620px;
    }

    .tube-panel {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      position: relative;
    }

    /* Badges */
    .badge {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 1.2;
    }

    .badge-success {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #15803d;
      border: 1px solid #bbf7d0;
    }

    .badge-fail {
      background: #fee2e2;
      color: #b91c1c;
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
    }

    /* Diagram Stage */
    .tube-stage {
      position: relative;
      width: 100%;
      height: 210px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: flex-end;
    }

    /* SVG Containers */
    svg {
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Submicroscopic Callout */
    .micro-callout {
      position: absolute;
      top: 0;
      right: 0;
      width: 120px;
      height: 95px;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px dashed #3b82f6;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: space-between;
      z-index: 5;
    }

    .micro-title {
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 800;
      color: #2563eb;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .micro-canvas {
      position: relative;
      width: 100%;
      height: 52px;
    }

    .micro-equation {
      font-size: 9.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-align: center;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: #eff6ff;
      border-radius: 4px;
      padding: 1px 0;
    }

    /* Labels below */
    .labels-footer {
      margin-top: 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 2px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
    }

    .sol-label {
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #64748b;
    }

    /* Reactivity Hierarchy Bar */
    .reactivity-bar {
      margin-top: 8px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      color: #475569;
    }

    .high-tag {
      color: #15803d;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .low-tag {
      color: #b91c1c;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    /* Smooth Transitions */
    .fade-sol {
      transition: fill 0.6s ease, opacity 0.6s ease;
    }

    .crust {
      transition: opacity 0.6s ease;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="btn-step active" id="btnStep1" onclick="setStep(1)">
      <span>① Start</span>
    </button>
    <button class="btn-step" id="btnStep2" onclick="setStep(2)">
      <span>② Reaction &amp; Electron Transfer</span>
    </button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="grid">

    
    <div class="tube-panel">
      <div class="badge badge-success">
        ✓ Zn is higher than Cu → Displaces Cu
      </div>

      <div class="tube-stage">
        
        <div class="micro-callout" id="microCallout" style="opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; transition: opacity 0.4s ease;">
          <div class="micro-title">Submicroscopic</div>
          <svg class="micro-canvas" viewBox="0 0 110 50">
            
            <circle cx="22" cy="25" r="14" fill="#94a3b8" stroke="#475569" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <text x="22" y="29" font-size="10" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Zn</text>

            
            <path d="M 38 22 Q 55 12 70 20" fill="none" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-dasharray="2,2" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <circle cx="55" cy="16" r="3.5" fill="#f59e0b"/>
            <text x="55" y="18.5" font-size="6" font-weight="800" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">2e⁻</text>
            <polygon points="72,21 66,17 68,24" fill="#f59e0b"/>

            
            <circle cx="88" cy="25" r="13" fill="#38bdf8" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <text x="88" y="28.5" font-size="8.5" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Cu²⁺</text>
          </svg>
          <div class="micro-equation">Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu</div>
        </div>

        
        <svg width="150" height="200" viewBox="0 0 150 200">
          
          <defs>
            
            <linearGradient id="blueLiquid" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#38bdf8" stop-opacity="0.85"/>
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0284c7" stop-opacity="0.85"/>
            </linearGradient>
            
            <linearGradient id="paleLiquid" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#e0f2fe" stop-opacity="0.5"/>
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#bae6fd" stop-opacity="0.5"/>
            </linearGradient>
          </defs>

          
          <path id="leftLiquid" class="fade-sol" d="M 45,70 L 105,70 L 105,160 A 30,30 0 0,1 45,160 Z" fill="url(#blueLiquid)"/>
          
          <ellipse cx="75" cy="70" rx="30" ry="5" fill="#0284c7" opacity="0.4"/>

          
          <rect x="67" y="25" width="16" height="130" rx="2" fill="#94a3b8" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="75" y="42" font-size="9" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Zn</text>

          
          <g id="cuCrust" class="crust" opacity="0">
            <rect x="65" y="72" width="20" height="85" rx="3" fill="#b45309" stroke="#92400e" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <line x1="68" y1="85" x2="82" y2="85" stroke="#fef3c7" stroke-width="1" opacity="0.4"/>
            <line x1="67" y1="105" x2="83" y2="105" stroke="#fef3c7" stroke-width="1" opacity="0.4"/>
            <line x1="69" y1="125" x2="81" y2="125" stroke="#fef3c7" stroke-width="1" opacity="0.4"/>
            <text x="75" y="115" font-size="8" font-weight="800" fill="#fef3c7" text-anchor="middle">Cu coat</text>
          </g>

          
          <path d="M 42,15 L 42,160 A 33,33 0 0,0 108,160 L 108,15" fill="none" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <ellipse cx="75" cy="15" rx="33" ry="5" fill="none" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5"/>
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="labels-footer">
        <span id="leftStripLabel">Solid Zinc (Zn)</span>
        <span class="sol-label" id="leftSolLabel">CuSO₄(aq) [Sky Blue]</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="tube-panel">
      <div class="badge badge-fail">
        ✗ Cu is lower than Zn → No Reaction
      </div>

      <div class="tube-stage">
        
        <svg width="150" height="200" viewBox="0 0 150 200">
          <defs>
            
            <linearGradient id="clearLiquid" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f1f5f9" stop-opacity="0.6"/>
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#e2e8f0" stop-opacity="0.6"/>
            </linearGradient>
          </defs>

          
          <path d="M 45,70 L 105,70 L 105,160 A 30,30 0 0,1 45,160 Z" fill="url(#clearLiquid)"/>
          <ellipse cx="75" cy="70" rx="30" ry="5" fill="#94a3b8" opacity="0.3"/>

          
          <rect x="67" y="25" width="16" height="130" rx="2" fill="#d97706" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="75" y="42" font-size="9" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Cu</text>

          
          <g id="noReactCross" class="crust" opacity="0">
            <circle cx="75" cy="115" r="14" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="2"/>
            <line x1="68" y1="108" x2="82" y2="122" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <line x1="82" y1="108" x2="68" y2="122" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          </g>

          
          <path d="M 42,15 L 42,160 A 33,33 0 0,0 108,160 L 108,15" fill="none" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <ellipse cx="75" cy="15" rx="33" ry="5" fill="none" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5"/>
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="labels-footer">
        <span>Solid Copper (Cu)</span>
        <span class="sol-label">ZnSO₄(aq) [Colorless]</span>
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>

  
  <div class="reactivity-bar">
    <span>Reactivity:</span>
    <span class="high-tag">Zn (Higher)</span>
    <span>&gt;</span>
    <span class="low-tag">Cu (Lower)</span>
  </div>

  <script>
    function setStep(step) {
      const b1 = document.getElementById('btnStep1');
      const b2 = document.getElementById('btnStep2');
      const leftLiq = document.getElementById('leftLiquid');
      const cuCrust = document.getElementById('cuCrust');
      const micro = document.getElementById('microCallout');
      const noReactCross = document.getElementById('noReactCross');
      const leftSolLabel = document.getElementById('leftSolLabel');

      if (step === 1) {
        b1.classList.add('active');
        b2.classList.remove('active');
        leftLiq.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#blueLiquid)');
        cuCrust.style.opacity = '0';
        micro.style.opacity = '0';
        noReactCross.style.opacity = '0';
        leftSolLabel.textContent = 'CuSO₄(aq) [Sky Blue]';
      } else {
        b2.classList.add('active');
        b1.classList.remove('active');
        leftLiq.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#paleLiquid)');
        cuCrust.style.opacity = '1';
        micro.style.opacity = '1';
        noReactCross.style.opacity = '1';
        leftSolLabel.textContent = 'ZnSO₄(aq) [Blue fades]';
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Displacing Metals from Salt Solutions

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      user-select: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
    }
    body {
      background: #f8f9fa;
      color: #1e2945;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100vh;
    }
    .diagram-body {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 460px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }
    .main-stage {
      display: flex;
      gap: 10px;
      align-items: stretch;
      position: relative;
    }
    .ladder {
      flex: 1;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 3px;
      min-width: 0;
    }
    .metal-row {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 6px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: background-color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
      position: relative;
    }
    .metal-row:hover {
      border-color: #3b82f6;
    }
    .metal-row.selected {
      background: #eff6ff;
      border-color: #2563eb;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 1.5px #2563eb;
    }
    .metal-row.displaced {
      background: #f0fdf4;
      border-color: #86efac;
    }
    .metal-row.unreactive {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-color: #cbd5e1;
      opacity: 0.88;
    }
    .metal-row.unreactive .metal-name {
      color: #334155;
    }
    .badge {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 26px;
      height: 22px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #ffffff;
      margin-right: 6px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      text-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
    }
    .metal-name {
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #1e2945;
      flex: 1;
      white-space: nowrap;
      overflow: hidden;
      text-overflow: ellipsis;
      margin-right: 4px;
    }
    .metal-status {
      font-size: 10.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      line-height: 1.1;
    }
    .status-active {
      background: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
    }
    .status-displaced {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #15803d;
      border: 1px solid #bbf7d0;
    }
    .status-none {
      display: none;
    }

    /* Right Gradient Arrow Indicator */
    .arrow-col {
      width: 125px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: space-between;
      position: relative;
      padding: 2px 0 2px 4px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .arrow-track {
      position: absolute;
      left: 8px;
      top: 24px;
      bottom: 24px;
      width: 7px;
      background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #f97316 0%, #eab308 30%, #10b981 60%, #64748b 100%);
      border-radius: 4px;
    }
    .arrow-head {
      position: absolute;
      left: 4.5px;
      top: 13px;
      width: 0;
      height: 0;
      border-left: 7px solid transparent;
      border-right: 7px solid transparent;
      border-bottom: 11px solid #f97316;
    }
    .label-top, .label-bottom {
      padding-left: 22px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 1px;
    }
    .prop-title {
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      line-height: 1.2;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }
    .prop-sub {
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #64748b;
      line-height: 1.2;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }
    .label-top .prop-title {
      color: #ea580c;
    }
    .label-bottom .prop-title {
      color: #475569;
    }

    /* Rule summary bar */
    .rule-bar {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      text-align: center;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      line-height: 1.3;
    }
    .rule-highlight {
      color: #2563eb;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    @media (max-width: 360px) {
      body {
        padding: 6px 6px;
      }
      .main-stage {
        gap: 6px;
      }
      .arrow-col {
        width: 110px;
      }
      .label-top, .label-bottom {
        padding-left: 18px;
      }
      .prop-title {
        font-size: 10.5px;
      }
      .prop-sub {
        font-size: 9.5px;
      }
      .badge {
        width: 24px;
        height: 20px;
        font-size: 11px;
        margin-right: 5px;
      }
      .metal-name {
        font-size: 11.5px;
      }
      .metal-status {
        font-size: 9.5px;
        padding: 2px 4px;
      }
      .rule-bar {
        font-size: 11px;
        padding: 5px 8px;
      }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="diagram-body">
    <div class="main-stage">
      <div class="ladder" id="ladder"></div>
      
      <div class="arrow-col">
        <div class="arrow-head"></div>
        <div class="arrow-track"></div>
        
        <div class="label-top">
          <span class="prop-title">Most Reactive</span>
          <span class="prop-sub">Loses e⁻ easiest</span>
        </div>
        
        <div class="label-bottom">
          <span class="prop-title">Least Reactive</span>
          <span class="prop-sub">Holds e⁻ tightly</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="rule-bar" id="ruleBar">
      <span>Higher metal displaces lower metal ion</span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const metals = [
      { sym: 'K',  name: 'Potassium', color: '#ef4444' },
      { sym: 'Na', name: 'Sodium',    color: '#f97316' },
      { sym: 'Ca', name: 'Calcium',   color: '#f59e0b' },
      { sym: 'Mg', name: 'Magnesium', color: '#eab308' },
      { sym: 'Al', name: 'Aluminum',  color: '#84cc16' },
      { sym: 'Zn', name: 'Zinc',      color: '#10b981' },
      { sym: 'Fe', name: 'Iron',      color: '#06b6d4' },
      { sym: 'Pb', name: 'Lead',      color: '#3b82f6' },
      { sym: 'Cu', name: 'Copper',    color: '#8b5cf6' },
      { sym: 'Ag', name: 'Silver',    color: '#64748b' },
      { sym: 'Au', name: 'Gold',      color: '#d97706' }
    ];

    let selectedIdx = 6; // Default to Iron (Fe)

    const ladder = document.getElementById('ladder');
    const ruleBar = document.getElementById('ruleBar');

    function render() {
      ladder.innerHTML = '';
      metals.forEach((m, i) => {
        const row = document.createElement('div');
        row.className = 'metal-row';
        
        let statusText = '';
        let statusClass = 'status-none';

        if (i === selectedIdx) {
          row.classList.add('selected');
          statusText = 'Selected';
          statusClass = 'status-active';
        } else if (i > selectedIdx) {
          row.classList.add('displaced');
          statusText = 'Displaced ↓';
          statusClass = 'status-displaced';
        } else {
          row.classList.add('unreactive');
        }

        row.innerHTML = `
          <span class="badge" style="background:${m.color}">${m.sym}</span>
          <span class="metal-name">${m.name}</span>
          <span class="metal-status ${statusClass}">${statusText}</span>
        `;

        row.onclick = () => {
          selectedIdx = i;
          render();
        };

        ladder.appendChild(row);
      });

      const cur = metals[selectedIdx];
      const displacedCount = metals.length - 1 - selectedIdx;
      if (displacedCount > 0) {
        ruleBar.innerHTML = `<span><span class="rule-highlight">${cur.sym} (${cur.name})</span> displaces the ${displacedCount} metal${displacedCount > 1 ? 's' : ''} below it</span>`;
      } else {
        ruleBar.innerHTML = `<span><span class="rule-highlight">${cur.sym} (${cur.name})</span> is least reactive & cannot displace any metal</span>`;
      }
    }

    render();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

UK-GCSE-SCIENCE-CHEM-CC-04-02

Aligned learning resources

Related diagrams