<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }

    body {
      font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: transparent;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
      padding: 8px 4px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .states-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 10px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 620px;
    }

    .state-panel {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .canvas-box {
      width: 100%;
      aspect-ratio: 1 / 1.15;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 2px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 12px;
      overflow: hidden;
      position: relative;
      box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
    }

    canvas {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      display: block;
    }

    .state-meta {
      margin-top: 8px;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .symbol-tag {
      font-size: 16px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }

    .symbol-sub {
      color: #2563eb;
      font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace;
      font-size: 15px;
    }

    .state-desc {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-top: 2px;
    }

    @media (max-width: 420px) {
      .states-grid {
        gap: 6px;
      }
      .symbol-tag {
        font-size: 14px;
      }
      .symbol-sub {
        font-size: 13px;
      }
      .state-desc {
        font-size: 11px;
      }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="states-grid">
    
    <div class="state-panel">
      <div class="canvas-box">
        <canvas id="solidCanvas"></canvas>
      </div>
      <div class="state-meta">
        <div class="symbol-tag">Solid <span class="symbol-sub">(s)</span></div>
        <div class="state-desc">Fixed lattice</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="state-panel">
      <div class="canvas-box">
        <canvas id="liquidCanvas"></canvas>
      </div>
      <div class="state-meta">
        <div class="symbol-tag">Liquid <span class="symbol-sub">(l)</span></div>
        <div class="state-desc">Flowing contact</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="state-panel">
      <div class="canvas-box">
        <canvas id="gasCanvas"></canvas>
      </div>
      <div class="state-meta">
        <div class="symbol-tag">Gas <span class="symbol-sub">(g)</span></div>
        <div class="state-desc">Random motion</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    function setupHiDPI(canvas) {
      const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
      const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
      canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
      canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;
      const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
      ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
      return { ctx, width: rect.width, height: rect.height };
    }

    const solidC = document.getElementById('solidCanvas');
    const liquidC = document.getElementById('liquidCanvas');
    const gasC = document.getElementById('gasCanvas');

    let solidEnv, liquidEnv, gasEnv;

    // Solid: Regular lattice vibrating in place
    const solidParticles = [];
    function initSolid(w, h) {
      solidParticles.length = 0;
      const cols = 5;
      const rows = 6;
      const r = Math.min(w / (cols + 1.8), h / (rows + 2.5)) * 0.46;
      const spacingX = r * 2.1;
      const spacingY = r * 1.85;
      const startX = (w - (cols - 1) * spacingX) / 2;
      const startY = h - r * 1.5 - (rows - 1) * spacingY;

      for (let rIdx = 0; rIdx < rows; rIdx++) {
        for (let cIdx = 0; cIdx < cols; cIdx++) {
          const offsetX = (rIdx % 2 === 1) ? (spacingX * 0.5) : 0;
          solidParticles.push({
            baseX: startX + cIdx * spacingX + offsetX - (spacingX * 0.25),
            baseY: startY + rIdx * spacingY,
            r: r,
            phaseX: Math.random() * Math.PI * 2,
            phaseY: Math.random() * Math.PI * 2,
            speedX: 0.08 + Math.random() * 0.04,
            speedY: 0.08 + Math.random() * 0.04,
            vibAmp: r * 0.12
          });
        }
      }
    }

    // Liquid: Close contact, flowing random arrangement settled at bottom
    const liquidParticles = [];
    function initLiquid(w, h) {
      liquidParticles.length = 0;
      const count = 28;
      const r = solidParticles.length > 0 ? solidParticles[0].r : w * 0.09;
      for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        liquidParticles.push({
          x: r + Math.random() * (w - 2 * r),
          y: h * 0.4 + Math.random() * (h * 0.55),
          vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.7,
          vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.5,
          r: r
        });
      }
    }

    // Gas: Widely spaced spheres, rapid motion with vector arrows
    const gasParticles = [];
    function initGas(w, h) {
      gasParticles.length = 0;
      const count = 7;
      const r = solidParticles.length > 0 ? solidParticles[0].r : w * 0.09;
      for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        const angle = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
        const speed = 1.9 + Math.random() * 0.8;
        gasParticles.push({
          x: r * 1.5 + Math.random() * (w - 3 * r),
          y: r * 1.5 + Math.random() * (h - 3 * r),
          vx: Math.cos(angle) * speed,
          vy: Math.sin(angle) * speed,
          r: r
        });
      }
    }

    function initAll() {
      solidEnv = setupHiDPI(solidC);
      liquidEnv = setupHiDPI(liquidC);
      gasEnv = setupHiDPI(gasC);

      initSolid(solidEnv.width, solidEnv.height);
      initLiquid(liquidEnv.width, liquidEnv.height);
      initGas(gasEnv.width, gasEnv.height);
    }

    window.addEventListener('resize', initAll);
    initAll();

    function drawSphere(ctx, x, y, r, fill1 = '#38bdf8', fill2 = '#0284c7') {
      ctx.save();
      const grad = ctx.createRadialGradient(x - r * 0.3, y - r * 0.35, r * 0.1, x, y, r);
      grad.addColorStop(0, '#ffffff');
      grad.addColorStop(0.3, fill1);
      grad.addColorStop(1, fill2);
      ctx.fillStyle = grad;
      ctx.beginPath();
      ctx.arc(x, y, r, 0, Math.PI * 2);
      ctx.fill();
      ctx.restore();
    }

    let frame = 0;
    function render() {
      frame++;

      // 1. RENDER SOLID
      const sCtx = solidEnv.ctx;
      const sW = solidEnv.width;
      const sH = solidEnv.height;
      sCtx.clearRect(0, 0, sW, sH);

      // Subtle container fill level
      sCtx.fillStyle = 'rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.4)';
      sCtx.fillRect(0, sH * 0.2, sW, sH * 0.8);

      solidParticles.forEach(p => {
        const x = p.baseX + Math.sin(frame * p.speedX + p.phaseX) * p.vibAmp;
        const y = p.baseY + Math.cos(frame * p.speedY + p.phaseY) * p.vibAmp;
        drawSphere(sCtx, x, y, p.r, '#38bdf8', '#0284c7');
      });

      // 2. RENDER LIQUID
      const lCtx = liquidEnv.ctx;
      const lW = liquidEnv.width;
      const lH = liquidEnv.height;
      lCtx.clearRect(0, 0, lW, lH);

      // Liquid level surface line
      lCtx.fillStyle = 'rgba(224, 242, 254, 0.5)';
      lCtx.fillRect(0, lH * 0.35, lW, lH * 0.65);
      lCtx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4)';
      lCtx.lineWidth = 1.5;
      lCtx.beginPath();
      lCtx.moveTo(0, lH * 0.35);
      lCtx.lineTo(lW, lH * 0.35);
      lCtx.stroke();

      const topLimit = lH * 0.38;
      liquidParticles.forEach((p, i) => {
        p.vy += 0.04; // Gentle gravity
        p.x += p.vx;
        p.y += p.vy;

        // Container boundary
        if (p.x - p.r < 2) { p.x = p.r + 2; p.vx *= -0.8; }
        if (p.x + p.r > lW - 2) { p.x = lW - p.r - 2; p.vx *= -0.8; }
        if (p.y + p.r > lH - 2) { p.y = lH - p.r - 2; p.vy *= -0.4; p.vx += (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2; }
        if (p.y - p.r < topLimit) { p.y = topLimit + p.r; p.vy *= -0.5; }

        // Particle-particle soft repulsions
        for (let j = i + 1; j < liquidParticles.length; j++) {
          const other = liquidParticles[j];
          const dx = other.x - p.x;
          const dy = other.y - p.y;
          const dist = Math.hypot(dx, dy);
          const minDist = p.r * 1.95;
          if (dist < minDist && dist > 0.01) {
            const force = (minDist - dist) / minDist * 0.35;
            const nx = dx / dist;
            const ny = dy / dist;
            p.vx -= nx * force;
            p.vy -= ny * force;
            other.vx += nx * force;
            other.vy += ny * force;
          }
        }
        p.vx *= 0.98;
        p.vy *= 0.98;
        drawSphere(lCtx, p.x, p.y, p.r, '#38bdf8', '#0284c7');
      });

      // 3. RENDER GAS
      const gCtx = gasEnv.ctx;
      const gW = gasEnv.width;
      const gH = gasEnv.height;
      gCtx.clearRect(0, 0, gW, gH);

      gasParticles.forEach(p => {
        p.x += p.vx;
        p.y += p.vy;

        if (p.x - p.r < 3) { p.x = p.r + 3; p.vx *= -1; }
        if (p.x + p.r > gW - 3) { p.x = gW - p.r - 3; p.vx *= -1; }
        if (p.y - p.r < 3) { p.y = p.r + 3; p.vy *= -1; }
        if (p.y + p.r > gH - 3) { p.y = gH - p.r - 3; p.vy *= -1; }

        // Motion vector arrow behind particle
        const vMag = Math.hypot(p.vx, p.vy);
        if (vMag > 0.1) {
          const arrowLen = p.r * 1.6;
          const tailX = p.x - (p.vx / vMag) * arrowLen;
          const tailY = p.y - (p.vy / vMag) * arrowLen;

          gCtx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.45)';
          gCtx.lineWidth = 2;
          gCtx.lineCap = 'round';
          gCtx.beginPath();
          gCtx.moveTo(tailX, tailY);
          gCtx.lineTo(p.x, p.y);
          gCtx.stroke();
        }

        drawSphere(gCtx, p.x, p.y, p.r, '#38bdf8', '#0284c7');
      });

      requestAnimationFrame(render);
    }

    render();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

The Four State Symbols: Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Aqueous

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>NaCl(l) vs NaCl(aq)</title>
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    
    body {
      font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #0f172a;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      height: 100vh;
      max-height: 580px;
      user-select: none;
      box-sizing: border-box;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    
    /* Header */
    .header {
      text-align: center;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .header h1 {
      font-size: 16px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    }
    .header p {
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-top: 2px;
    }

    /* Comparison Grid */
    .comparison-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 10px;
      flex: 1;
      min-height: 0;
    }

    .panel {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      border-radius: 12px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #ffffff;
      min-height: 0;
    }

    /* Panel Headers */
    .panel-header {
      padding: 6px 10px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .panel-molten .panel-header {
      background: #fff7ed;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #fed7aa;
    }
    .panel-aqueous .panel-header {
      background: #f0f9ff;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #bae6fd;
    }

    .panel-title {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
    }
    .panel-molten .panel-title { color: #c2410c; }
    .panel-aqueous .panel-title { color: #0369a1; }

    .tag {
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 999px;
      letter-spacing: 0.02em;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }
    .panel-molten .tag {
      background: #ffedd5;
      color: #9a3412;
      border: 1px solid #fed7aa;
    }
    .panel-aqueous .tag {
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #075985;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
    }

    /* Subtitle banner */
    .panel-sub {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 4px 6px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .panel-molten .panel-sub {
      background: #ffedd5;
      color: #9a3412;
    }
    .panel-aqueous .panel-sub {
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
    }

    /* Viewport Area */
    .viewport {
      flex: 1;
      position: relative;
      background: #ffffff;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 0;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .panel-molten .viewport {
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fffbeb 0%, #fff7ed 100%);
    }
    .panel-aqueous .viewport {
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fafc 0%, #f0f9ff 100%);
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      display: block;
    }

    /* Smooth, calm ambient animations */
    .drift-slow-1 {
      animation: driftSlow1 6s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
      will-change: transform;
    }
    .drift-slow-2 {
      animation: driftSlow2 7s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
      will-change: transform;
    }
    .drift-slow-3 {
      animation: driftSlow3 6.5s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
      will-change: transform;
    }

    @keyframes driftSlow1 {
      0% { transform: translate(0px, 0px); }
      100% { transform: translate(-2px, 2.5px); }
    }
    @keyframes driftSlow2 {
      0% { transform: translate(0px, 0px); }
      100% { transform: translate(2.5px, -2px); }
    }
    @keyframes driftSlow3 {
      0% { transform: translate(0px, 0px); }
      100% { transform: translate(-1.5px, -2px); }
    }

    /* Annotation pills */
    .annotation {
      position: absolute;
      bottom: 6px;
      left: 50%;
      transform: translateX(-50%);
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 999px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      pointer-events: none;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    }
    .panel-molten .annotation {
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
      color: #9a3412;
      border: 1px solid #fed7aa;
    }
    .panel-aqueous .annotation {
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
      color: #0369a1;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
    }

    /* Legend Key Bar */
    .legend-bar {
      margin-top: 8px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 12px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      padding: 5px 8px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-radius: 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .key-pill {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #334155;
    }
    .swatch-icon {
      width: 15px;
      height: 15px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: bold;
      color: white;
    }
    .swatch-na {
      background: #8b5cf6;
      border: 1px solid #7c3aed;
    }
    .swatch-cl {
      background: #10b981;
      border: 1px solid #059669;
    }
    .swatch-h2o {
      width: 20px;
      height: 14px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    @media (max-width: 480px) {
      body { padding: 6px; }
      .header h1 { font-size: 13px; }
      .header p { font-size: 10px; }
      .panel-title { font-size: 11px; }
      .tag { font-size: 9px; padding: 1px 4px; }
      .panel-sub { font-size: 9.5px; padding: 3px 4px; }
      .annotation { font-size: 8.5px; padding: 2px 6px; bottom: 4px; }
      .legend-bar { gap: 8px; padding: 3px 6px; margin-top: 6px; }
      .key-pill { font-size: 9.5px; gap: 4px; }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="header">
    <h1>Comparing Liquid (l) vs. Aqueous (aq)</h1>
    <p>Pure Melted Substance vs. Substance Dissolved in Water</p>
  </div>

  
  <div class="comparison-grid">

    
    <div class="panel panel-molten">
      <div class="panel-header">
        <span class="panel-title">NaCl(l) — Molten Salt</span>
        <span class="tag">High Heat: 801 °C</span>
      </div>
      <div class="panel-sub">Pure melted liquid (NO water present)</div>
      <div class="viewport">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 220 150" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
          <defs>
            <radialGradient id="gradNaL" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#c4b5fd"/>
              <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#8b5cf6"/>
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#6d28d9"/>
            </radialGradient>
            <radialGradient id="gradClL" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#6ee7b7"/>
              <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#10b981"/>
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#047857"/>
            </radialGradient>
          </defs>

          
          <g class="drift-slow-1">
            
            <circle cx="34" cy="28" r="14" fill="url(#gradNaL)"/>
            <text x="34" y="32" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>

            <circle cx="70" cy="26" r="18" fill="url(#gradClL)"/>
            <text x="70" y="31" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>

            <circle cx="110" cy="29" r="14" fill="url(#gradNaL)"/>
            <text x="110" y="33" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>

            <circle cx="150" cy="25" r="18" fill="url(#gradClL)"/>
            <text x="150" y="30" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>

            <circle cx="188" cy="30" r="14" fill="url(#gradNaL)"/>
            <text x="188" y="34" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>
          </g>

          <g class="drift-slow-2">
            
            <circle cx="26" cy="62" r="18" fill="url(#gradClL)"/>
            <text x="26" y="67" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>

            <circle cx="62" cy="64" r="14" fill="url(#gradNaL)"/>
            <text x="62" y="68" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>

            <circle cx="98" cy="60" r="18" fill="url(#gradClL)"/>
            <text x="98" y="65" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>

            <circle cx="136" cy="63" r="14" fill="url(#gradNaL)"/>
            <text x="136" y="67" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>

            <circle cx="174" cy="62" r="18" fill="url(#gradClL)"/>
            <text x="174" y="67" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
          </g>

          <g class="drift-slow-3">
            
            <circle cx="38" cy="98" r="14" fill="url(#gradNaL)"/>
            <text x="38" y="102" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>

            <circle cx="76" cy="96" r="18" fill="url(#gradClL)"/>
            <text x="76" y="101" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>

            <circle cx="116" cy="98" r="14" fill="url(#gradNaL)"/>
            <text x="116" y="102" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>

            <circle cx="154" cy="97" r="18" fill="url(#gradClL)"/>
            <text x="154" y="102" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>

            <circle cx="190" cy="95" r="14" fill="url(#gradNaL)"/>
            <text x="190" y="99" font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>
          </g>
        </svg>
        <div class="annotation">Ions in direct contact, free to flow</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="panel panel-aqueous">
      <div class="panel-header">
        <span class="panel-title">NaCl(aq) — Salt Solution</span>
        <span class="tag">Room Temp: 25 °C</span>
      </div>
      <div class="panel-sub">Dissolved in water solvent (H₂O)</div>
      <div class="viewport">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 220 150" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
          <defs>
            <radialGradient id="gradNaR" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#c4b5fd"/>
              <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#8b5cf6"/>
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        </svg>
        <div class="annotation">Hydration shells isolate individual ions</div>
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>

  
  <div class="legend-bar">
    <div class="key-pill">
      <span class="swatch-icon swatch-na">+</span>
      <span>Na⁺ (Sodium ion)</span>
    </div>
    <div class="key-pill">
      <span class="swatch-icon swatch-cl">−</span>
      <span>Cl⁻ (Chloride ion)</span>
    </div>
    <div class="key-pill">
      <svg class="swatch-h2o" viewBox="0 0 24 16">
        <circle cx="6" cy="11" r="4" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="0.8"/>
        <circle cx="18" cy="11" r="4" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="0.8"/>
        <circle cx="12" cy="6" r="5.5" fill="#ef4444"/>
      </svg>
      <span>H₂O (Water molecule)</span>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

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      justify-content: center;
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      transform: scale(1.15);
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  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="equation-container">
    <button class="chem-btn active" data-index="0">
      CaCO<sub>3</sub><span class="sym sym-s">(s)</span>
    </button>
    <span class="op">+</span>
    <button class="chem-btn" data-index="1">
      2HCl<span class="sym sym-aq">(aq)</span>
    </button>
    <span class="op">→</span>
    <button class="chem-btn" data-index="2">
      CaCl<sub>2</sub><span class="sym sym-aq">(aq)</span>
    </button>
    <span class="op">+</span>
    <button class="chem-btn" data-index="3">
      H<sub>2</sub>O<span class="sym sym-l">(l)</span>
    </button>
    <span class="op">+</span>
    <button class="chem-btn" data-index="4">
      CO<sub>2</sub><span class="sym sym-g">(g)</span>
    </button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="card-stage">
    
    
    <div class="detail-card active" id="card-0">
      <div class="badge-row">
        <span class="badge-symbol sym-s">(s) Solid</span>
        <span class="badge-name">Calcium Carbonate</span>
      </div>
      <div class="visual-canvas">
        
        <svg width="110" height="85" viewBox="0 0 110 85">
          
          <rect x="25" y="10" width="60" height="65" rx="3" fill="#eff6ff" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="2"/>
          
          <rect x="26" y="32" width="58" height="42" rx="1" fill="#bae6fd" opacity="0.6"/>
          
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          <circle cx="55" cy="62" r="2.5" fill="#b45309"/>
          <circle cx="62" cy="68" r="2.5" fill="#b45309"/>
          <circle cx="40" cy="71" r="2.5" fill="#b45309"/>
          <circle cx="70" cy="71" r="2.5" fill="#b45309"/>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="reason-text">Insoluble limestone powder.<br>Does not dissolve in water.</div>
      <div class="tag-rule" style="background:#fef3c7; color:#b45309;">Insoluble Solid</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="detail-card" id="card-1">
      <div class="badge-row">
        <span class="badge-symbol sym-aq">(aq) Aqueous</span>
        <span class="badge-name">Hydrochloric Acid</span>
      </div>
      <div class="visual-canvas">
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          <rect x="26" y="24" width="58" height="50" rx="1" fill="#bae6fd" opacity="0.75"/>
          
          <circle cx="42" cy="40" r="6" fill="#0284c7"/>
          <text x="42" y="43" font-size="7" fill="#fff" font-weight="bold" text-anchor="middle">H⁺</text>
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          <text x="68" y="51" font-size="7" fill="#fff" font-weight="bold" text-anchor="middle">Cl⁻</text>
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          <text x="46" y="65" font-size="7" fill="#fff" font-weight="bold" text-anchor="middle">Cl⁻</text>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="reason-text">Hydrogen chloride gas<br>dissolved in water.</div>
      <div class="tag-rule" style="background:#e0f2fe; color:#0369a1;">Dissolved in Water (Solvent)</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="detail-card" id="card-2">
      <div class="badge-row">
        <span class="badge-symbol sym-aq">(aq) Aqueous</span>
        <span class="badge-name">Calcium Chloride</span>
      </div>
      <div class="visual-canvas">
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          <text x="38" y="65" font-size="7" fill="#fff" font-weight="bold" text-anchor="middle">Cl⁻</text>
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          <text x="72" y="63" font-size="7" fill="#fff" font-weight="bold" text-anchor="middle">Cl⁻</text>
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      </div>
      <div class="reason-text">Soluble product salt.<br>Dissolved into the solution.</div>
      <div class="tag-rule" style="background:#e0f2fe; color:#0369a1;">Dissolved Salt Solution</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="detail-card" id="card-3">
      <div class="badge-row">
        <span class="badge-symbol sym-l">(l) Liquid</span>
        <span class="badge-name">Water</span>
      </div>
      <div class="visual-canvas">
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          <rect x="25" y="10" width="60" height="65" rx="3" fill="#eef2ff" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="2"/>
          <path d="M26,32 C38,28 45,36 55,32 C65,28 75,34 84,32 L84,74 L26,74 Z" fill="#6366f1" opacity="0.4"/>
          
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          <circle cx="41" cy="46" r="2.2" fill="#818cf8"/>
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          <circle cx="65" cy="58" r="4" fill="#4f46e5"/>
          <circle cx="61" cy="54" r="2.2" fill="#818cf8"/>
          <circle cx="69" cy="54" r="2.2" fill="#818cf8"/>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="reason-text">Pure liquid solvent made in reaction.<br>Not dissolved in another substance.</div>
      <div class="tag-rule" style="background:#e0e7ff; color:#4338ca;">Pure Liquid Solvent</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="detail-card" id="card-4">
      <div class="badge-row">
        <span class="badge-symbol sym-g">(g) Gas</span>
        <span class="badge-name">Carbon Dioxide</span>
      </div>
      <div class="visual-canvas">
        <svg width="110" height="85" viewBox="0 0 110 85">
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          <circle cx="40" cy="62" r="3" fill="#10b981" opacity="0.7"/>
          <circle cx="65" cy="55" r="4" fill="#10b981" opacity="0.7"/>
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          <circle cx="42" cy="18" r="4" fill="#059669"/>
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          <line x1="68" y1="22" x2="68" y2="18" stroke="#059669" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="reason-text">Effervescence (fizzing).<br>Gas bubbles escape the solution.</div>
      <div class="tag-rule" style="background:#dcfce7; color:#15803d;">Escapes as Gas Bubbles</div>
    </div>

  </div>

  
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</body>
</html>

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<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>The Four State Symbols</title>
  <style>
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      gap: 8px;
      cursor: pointer;
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    .state-card:hover, .state-card.active {
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
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      font-size: 14px;
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      height: 100%;
      display: block;
    }

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      align-items: baseline;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      font-size: 13px;
      width: 100%;
    }
    .formula {
      font-weight: 700;
      font-family: ui-monospace, monospace;
      color: #0f172a;
    }
    .sub {
      font-size: 10px;
      vertical-align: sub;
    }
    .label {
      color: #64748b;
      font-size: 12px;
    }

    /* Particle Animations */
    @keyframes vibrate {
      0%, 100% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
      25% { transform: translate(-0.4px, 0.4px); }
      75% { transform: translate(0.4px, -0.4px); }
    }
    @keyframes drift {
      0%, 100% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
      50% { transform: translate(1px, -1.5px); }
    }
    @keyframes bounceG {
      0% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
      50% { transform: translate(4px, -4px); }
      100% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
    }
    @keyframes bounceG2 {
      0% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
      50% { transform: translate(-5px, 3px); }
      100% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
    }
    @keyframes floatAq {
      0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
      50% { transform: translateY(-2px); }
    }

    .solid-particle {
      animation: vibrate 0.4s infinite ease-in-out;
    }
    .liquid-particle {
      animation: drift 2.5s infinite ease-in-out;
    }
    .gas-p1 { animation: bounceG 2.2s infinite ease-in-out; }
    .gas-p2 { animation: bounceG2 2.8s infinite ease-in-out; }
    .aq-ion { animation: floatAq 2s infinite ease-in-out; }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="state-card card-solid active" onclick="selectCard(this)">
      <div class="header-row">
        <span class="badge badge-solid">(s)</span>
        <span class="name">Solid</span>
      </div>
      <div class="sketch-box">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 100 50">
          <g class="solid-particle" fill="#d97706">
            <circle cx="26" cy="15" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="38" cy="15" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="50" cy="15" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="62" cy="15" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="74" cy="15" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="26" cy="25" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="38" cy="25" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="50" cy="25" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="62" cy="25" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="74" cy="25" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="26" cy="35" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="38" cy="35" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="50" cy="35" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="62" cy="35" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="74" cy="35" r="4.5"/>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="example-row">
        <span class="formula">Fe(s)</span>
        <span class="label">Iron nail</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="state-card card-liquid" onclick="selectCard(this)">
      <div class="header-row">
        <span class="badge badge-liquid">(l)</span>
        <span class="name">Liquid</span>
      </div>
      <div class="sketch-box">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 100 50">
          <g class="liquid-particle" fill="#0891b2">
            <circle cx="24" cy="28" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="35" cy="35" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="47" cy="30" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="58" cy="37" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="68" cy="29" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="79" cy="36" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="30" cy="19" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="42" cy="21" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="54" cy="18" r="4.5"/>
            <circle cx="66" cy="20" r="4.5"/>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="example-row">
        <span class="formula">H<span class="sub">2</span>O(l)</span>
        <span class="label">Pure water</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="state-card card-gas" onclick="selectCard(this)">
      <div class="header-row">
        <span class="badge badge-gas">(g)</span>
        <span class="name">Gas</span>
      </div>
      <div class="sketch-box">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 100 50">
          
          <g class="gas-p1" fill="#9333ea">
            <line x1="20" y1="36" x2="28" y2="30" stroke="#d8b4fe" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <circle cx="28" cy="30" r="4.5"/>
            
            <line x1="82" y1="12" x2="74" y2="18" stroke="#d8b4fe" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <circle cx="74" cy="18" r="4.5"/>
          </g>
          <g class="gas-p2" fill="#9333ea">
            <line x1="56" y1="40" x2="50" y2="33" stroke="#d8b4fe" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <circle cx="50" cy="33" r="4.5"/>

            <line x1="38" y1="10" x2="45" y2="16" stroke="#d8b4fe" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <circle cx="45" cy="16" r="4.5"/>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="example-row">
        <span class="formula">CO<span class="sub">2</span>(g)</span>
        <span class="label">Carbon dioxide</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="state-card card-aq" onclick="selectCard(this)">
      <div class="header-row">
        <span class="badge badge-aq">(aq)</span>
        <span class="name">Aqueous</span>
      </div>
      <div class="sketch-box">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 100 50">
          
          <g fill="#93c5fd" opacity="0.45">
            <circle cx="22" cy="16" r="2.5"/>
            <circle cx="34" cy="28" r="2.5"/>
            <circle cx="48" cy="14" r="2.5"/>
            <circle cx="64" cy="24" r="2.5"/>
            <circle cx="76" cy="15" r="2.5"/>
            <circle cx="80" cy="34" r="2.5"/>
            <circle cx="20" cy="38" r="2.5"/>
            <circle cx="52" cy="38" r="2.5"/>
          </g>
          
          <g class="aq-ion">
            
            <circle cx="38" cy="20" r="5" fill="#2563eb"/>
            <text x="38" y="22.5" font-size="6" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">+</text>
            
            <circle cx="62" cy="32" r="5.5" fill="#1d4ed8"/>
            <text x="62" y="34.5" font-size="6" font-weight="bold" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="example-row">
        <span class="formula">NaCl(aq)</span>
        <span class="label">Saltwater</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    function selectCard(element) {
      document.querySelectorAll('.state-card').forEach(card => {
        card.classList.remove('active');
      });
      element.classList.add('active');
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

UK-GCSE-SCIENCE-CHEM-CC-01-05

Aligned learning resources

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