<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Cohesion-Tension Mechanism</title>
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #0f172a;
      background: transparent;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      width: 100%;
      min-height: 100vh;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .main-stage {
      position: relative;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 440px;
      flex: 1;
      min-height: 310px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      max-height: 360px;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Interactive Steps Navigation */
    .controls-bar {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 440px;
      padding-top: 4px;
    }

    .steps-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 6px;
      width: 100%;
    }

    @media (max-width: 380px) {
      .steps-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 6px;
      }
    }

    .step-btn {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 7px 4px;
      font-size: 11.5px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      cursor: pointer;
      text-align: center;
      white-space: nowrap;
      transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease;
    }

    .step-btn.active {
      background: #0369a1;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #0369a1;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(3, 105, 161, 0.35);
    }

    .playback-row {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 14px;
    }

    .play-btn {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #94a3b8;
      border-radius: 50%;
      width: 30px;
      height: 30px;
      font-size: 12px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      color: #0f172a;
      transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
    }

    .play-btn:focus-visible {
      outline: 2px solid #0284c7;
      outline-offset: 2px;
    }

    .dots-container {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .dot {
      width: 8px;
      height: 8px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: #cbd5e1;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
    }

    .dot.active {
      background: #0369a1;
      transform: scale(1.25);
    }

    /* Highlight Zones with smooth, non-flicker 500ms transitions */
    .zone-focus {
      opacity: 0.22;
      transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out;
    }

    .zone-active {
      opacity: 1 !important;
    }

    /* Molecule & flow styles */
    .hbond {
      stroke: #0284c7;
      stroke-dasharray: 3, 3;
      stroke-width: 2.5;
    }

    .adhesion-bond {
      stroke: #047857;
      stroke-dasharray: 2.5, 2.5;
      stroke-width: 2;
    }

    .flow-arrow {
      fill: none;
      stroke: #0369a1;
      stroke-width: 2.5;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      stroke-linejoin: round;
    }

    @keyframes pulseVapor {
      0% { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 0.95; }
      100% { transform: translateY(-16px); opacity: 0; }
    }

    .vapor-particle {
      animation: pulseVapor 2s infinite ease-out;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="main-stage">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 360 300" aria-label="Cohesion-Tension Mechanism Diagram">
      <defs>
        
        <linearGradient id="leafGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#22c55e" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#15803d" />
        </linearGradient>
        <linearGradient id="soilGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fde68a" stop-opacity="0.3" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d97706" stop-opacity="0.3" />
        </linearGradient>
        <filter id="glow" x="-20%" y="-20%" width="140%" height="140%">
          <feDropShadow dx="0" dy="0" stdDeviation="2.5" flood-color="#0284c7" flood-opacity="0.5"/>
        </filter>
        <marker id="arrowhead-up" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" refX="3" refY="3" orient="auto">
          <polygon points="0 6, 3 0, 6 6" fill="#075985" />
        </marker>
      </defs>

      
      <rect x="15" y="222" width="330" height="72" rx="8" fill="url(#soilGrad)" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="1" stroke-opacity="0.3" />
      
      
      <g fill="#78350f" opacity="0.35">
        <circle cx="45" cy="245" r="8" />
        <circle cx="75" cy="275" r="10" />
        <circle cx="35" cy="278" r="6" />
        <circle cx="315" cy="245" r="9" />
        <circle cx="285" cy="275" r="11" />
      </g>

      
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      <line x1="216" y1="55" x2="216" y2="240" stroke="#047857" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round" opacity="0.8"/>

      
      <g id="zone1" class="zone-focus">
        
        <path d="M 75 55 C 75 18, 138 18, 180 55 C 222 18, 285 18, 285 55 Z" fill="url(#leafGrad)" />
        
        <ellipse cx="180" cy="55" rx="14" ry="4.5" fill="#0f172a" opacity="0.85" />
        
        
        <g class="vapor-particle">
          <circle cx="172" cy="40" r="3.5" fill="#0284c7" />
          <circle cx="188" cy="35" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7" />
          <circle cx="180" cy="22" r="4" fill="#0369a1" />
        </g>

        
        <line x1="180" y1="46" x2="180" y2="18" stroke="#075985" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#arrowhead-up)" />
        <rect x="145" y="1" width="70" height="15" rx="3" fill="#ffffff" fill-opacity="0.9" />
        <text x="180" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" font-weight="800" fill="#075985">Tension ↑</text>
        
        <rect x="42" y="24" width="76" height="16" rx="3" fill="#ffffff" fill-opacity="0.9" />
        <text x="80" y="36" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" font-weight="800" fill="#14532d">Leaf Stoma</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="zone2" class="zone-focus">
        
        <line x1="180" y1="220" x2="180" y2="70" class="hbond" />
        
        
        <g transform="translate(180, 80)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="#0284c7" filter="url(#glow)"/>
          <text cx="0" y="3.5" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9.5" font-weight="bold" fill="#ffffff">H₂O</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(180, 125)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="#0284c7" filter="url(#glow)"/>
          <text cx="0" y="3.5" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9.5" font-weight="bold" fill="#ffffff">H₂O</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(180, 170)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="#0284c7" filter="url(#glow)"/>
          <text cx="0" y="3.5" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9.5" font-weight="bold" fill="#ffffff">H₂O</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(180, 215)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="#0284c7" filter="url(#glow)"/>
          <text cx="0" y="3.5" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9.5" font-weight="bold" fill="#ffffff">H₂O</text>
        </g>

        
        <rect x="232" y="117" width="80" height="18" rx="4" fill="#f0f9ff" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1"/>
        <text x="272" y="130" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10.5" font-weight="800" fill="#075985">H-Bonds</text>
        <path d="M 232 126 L 195 126" stroke="#075985" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="2,2"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="zone3" class="zone-focus">
        
        <line x1="145" y1="125" x2="170" y2="125" class="adhesion-bond" />
        <line x1="190" y1="170" x2="215" y2="170" class="adhesion-bond" />
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        <circle cx="215" cy="170" r="3.5" fill="#047857" />
        
        <rect x="42" y="117" width="76" height="18" rx="4" fill="#ecfdf5" stroke="#047857" stroke-width="1"/>
        <text x="80" y="130" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10.5" font-weight="800" fill="#064e3b">Wall Cling</text>
        <path d="M 118 126 L 142 126" stroke="#047857" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="2,2"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="zone4" class="zone-focus">
        
        <path d="M 155 240 Q 130 258 90 258" fill="none" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" />
        <path d="M 205 240 Q 230 258 270 258" fill="none" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" />
        
        
        <g transform="translate(62, 258)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="8.5" fill="#0284c7"/>
          <text y="3" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8" font-weight="bold" fill="#ffffff">H₂O</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(298, 258)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="8.5" fill="#0284c7"/>
          <text y="3" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8" font-weight="bold" fill="#ffffff">H₂O</text>
        </g>

        
        <path class="flow-arrow" d="M 72 248 Q 110 244 140 236" />
        <path class="flow-arrow" d="M 288 248 Q 250 244 220 236" />

        <rect x="90" y="271" width="180" height="18" rx="4" fill="#ffffff" fill-opacity="0.9" stroke="#78350f" stroke-width="1" />
        <text x="180" y="284" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" font-weight="800" fill="#451a03">Root Uptake (Osmosis)</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  
  <div class="controls-bar">
    <div class="steps-grid">
      <button class="step-btn active" onclick="setStep(0)">1. Transpire</button>
      <button class="step-btn" onclick="setStep(1)">2. Cohesion</button>
      <button class="step-btn" onclick="setStep(2)">3. Adhesion</button>
      <button class="step-btn" onclick="setStep(3)">4. Root Uptake</button>
    </div>
    
    <div class="playback-row">
      <button class="play-btn" id="playBtn" onclick="togglePlay()" aria-label="Toggle Animation">⏸</button>
      <div class="dots-container">
        <div class="dot active" onclick="setStep(0)" title="Step 1: Transpiration"></div>
        <div class="dot" onclick="setStep(1)" title="Step 2: Cohesion"></div>
        <div class="dot" onclick="setStep(2)" title="Step 3: Adhesion"></div>
        <div class="dot" onclick="setStep(3)" title="Step 4: Root Uptake"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    let currentStep = 0;
    let isPlaying = true;
    let timer = null;

    const zones = [
      document.getElementById('zone1'),
      document.getElementById('zone2'),
      document.getElementById('zone3'),
      document.getElementById('zone4')
    ];
    const stepBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.step-btn');
    const dots = document.querySelectorAll('.dot');
    const playBtn = document.getElementById('playBtn');

    function renderState() {
      zones.forEach((z, i) => {
        if (i === currentStep) {
          z.classList.add('zone-active');
        } else {
          z.classList.remove('zone-active');
        }
      });

      stepBtns.forEach((btn, i) => {
        btn.classList.toggle('active', i === currentStep);
      });

      dots.forEach((dot, i) => {
        dot.classList.toggle('active', i === currentStep);
      });
    }

    function setStep(index) {
      currentStep = index;
      renderState();
      if (isPlaying) {
        startTimer();
      }
    }

    function nextStep() {
      currentStep = (currentStep + 1) % 4;
      renderState();
    }

    function togglePlay() {
      isPlaying = !isPlaying;
      playBtn.textContent = isPlaying ? '⏸' : '▶';
      if (isPlaying) {
        startTimer();
      } else {
        clearInterval(timer);
      }
    }

    function startTimer() {
      clearInterval(timer);
      timer = setInterval(nextStep, 3500);
    }

    // Initialize
    renderState();
    startTimer();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Xylem and Phloem Function in Plant Transport

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      background: #ffffff;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      padding: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .toolbar {
      display: flex;
      gap: 6px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }

    .btn-tab {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 20px;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
    }

    .btn-tab.active {
      background: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #2563eb;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.3);
    }

    .diagram-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      flex: 1;
      position: relative;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      max-height: 400px;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Animation effects */
    @keyframes sapFlow {
      0% { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 0; }
      20% { opacity: 0.9; }
      80% { opacity: 0.9; }
      100% { transform: translateY(160px); opacity: 0; }
    }

    @keyframes atpTransfer {
      0% { transform: translateX(0); opacity: 0; }
      30% { opacity: 1; }
      70% { opacity: 1; }
      100% { transform: translateX(-42px); opacity: 0; }
    }

    .sap-particle {
      animation: sapFlow 4s linear infinite;
    }
    .sap-p2 { animation-delay: 1.3s; }
    .sap-p3 { animation-delay: 2.6s; }

    .atp-particle {
      animation: atpTransfer 3s ease-in-out infinite;
    }
    .atp-p2 { animation-delay: 1s; }
    .atp-p3 { animation-delay: 2s; }

    .fade-target {
      transition: opacity 0.35s ease, filter 0.35s ease;
    }
    .dimmed {
      opacity: 0.22;
      filter: grayscale(60%);
    }
    .highlight-focus {
      filter: drop-shadow(0 0 6px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.45));
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="toolbar">
    <button class="btn-tab active" data-focus="all">Overview</button>
    <button class="btn-tab" data-focus="sieve">Sieve Plate</button>
    <button class="btn-tab" data-focus="companion">Companion Cell</button>
    <button class="btn-tab" data-focus="plasmo">Plasmodesmata</button>
  </div>

  <div class="diagram-wrap">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 600 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
      <defs>
        
        <linearGradient id="wallGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#bbf7d0" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#86efac" />
        </linearGradient>
        <linearGradient id="compCytoplasm" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="100%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fef3c7" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#fde68a" />
        </linearGradient>
        <linearGradient id="nucGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="100%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#a855f7" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7e22ce" />
        </linearGradient>
        <linearGradient id="mitoGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="100%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f97316" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ea580c" />
        </linearGradient>
      </defs>

      
      <g id="grp-sieve-tube" class="fade-target">
        
        <rect x="70" y="30" width="190" height="360" rx="14" fill="#f0fdf4" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="3.5" />

        
        <rect x="76" y="36" width="178" height="348" rx="10" fill="none" stroke="#86efac" stroke-width="8" opacity="0.65" />

        
        <rect x="86" y="46" width="158" height="328" rx="6" fill="#ffffff" opacity="0.8" />

        
        <g opacity="0.85">
          
          <g class="sap-particle">
            <circle cx="120" cy="90" r="5" fill="#0284c7" />
            <circle cx="170" cy="70" r="6" fill="#0284c7" />
            <circle cx="210" cy="110" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7" />
          </g>
          
          <g class="sap-particle sap-p2">
            <circle cx="140" cy="80" r="5.5" fill="#0284c7" />
            <circle cx="190" cy="100" r="5" fill="#0284c7" />
            <circle cx="110" cy="130" r="4" fill="#0284c7" />
          </g>
          
          <g class="sap-particle sap-p3">
            <circle cx="160" cy="60" r="6" fill="#0284c7" />
            <circle cx="130" cy="115" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7" />
            <circle cx="200" cy="85" r="5" fill="#0284c7" />
          </g>
        </g>
      </g>

      
      <g id="grp-sieve-plates" class="fade-target">
        
        <g transform="translate(70, 24)">
          <rect x="0" y="0" width="190" height="18" rx="6" fill="#15803d" />
          
          <ellipse cx="35" cy="9" rx="8" ry="4.5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#166534" stroke-width="1.5" />
          <ellipse cx="72" cy="9" rx="9" ry="5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#166534" stroke-width="1.5" />
          <ellipse cx="115" cy="9" rx="9" ry="5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#166534" stroke-width="1.5" />
          <ellipse cx="155" cy="9" rx="8" ry="4.5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#166534" stroke-width="1.5" />
        </g>

        
        <g transform="translate(70, 378)">
          <rect x="0" y="0" width="190" height="18" rx="6" fill="#15803d" />
          
          <ellipse cx="35" cy="9" rx="8" ry="4.5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#166534" stroke-width="1.5" />
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          <ellipse cx="115" cy="9" rx="9" ry="5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#166534" stroke-width="1.5" />
          <ellipse cx="155" cy="9" rx="8" ry="4.5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#166534" stroke-width="1.5" />
        </g>
      </g>

      
      <g id="grp-plasmodesmata" class="fade-target">
        
        <rect x="254" y="125" width="46" height="14" rx="3" fill="#86efac" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="2" />
        <line x1="255" y1="132" x2="299" y2="132" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" />

        
        <rect x="254" y="200" width="46" height="14" rx="3" fill="#86efac" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="2" />
        <line x1="255" y1="207" x2="299" y2="207" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" />

        
        <rect x="254" y="275" width="46" height="14" rx="3" fill="#86efac" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="2" />
        <line x1="255" y1="282" x2="299" y2="282" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" />

        
        <g transform="translate(295, 0)">
          <g class="atp-particle">
            <circle cx="0" cy="132" r="4.5" fill="#eab308" stroke="#a16207" stroke-width="1" />
          </g>
          <g class="atp-particle atp-p2">
            <circle cx="0" cy="207" r="4.5" fill="#eab308" stroke="#a16207" stroke-width="1" />
          </g>
          <g class="atp-particle atp-p3">
            <circle cx="0" cy="282" r="4.5" fill="#eab308" stroke="#a16207" stroke-width="1" />
          </g>
        </g>
      </g>

      
      <g id="grp-companion-cell" class="fade-target">
        
        <rect x="296" y="55" width="150" height="310" rx="14" fill="url(#compCytoplasm)" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="3.5" />

        
        <g transform="translate(371, 145)">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="32" fill="url(#nucGrad)" stroke="#581c87" stroke-width="2.5" />
          
          <circle cx="6" cy="-6" r="10" fill="#f3e8ff" opacity="0.8" />
          
          <circle cx="-10" cy="10" r="3" fill="#4c1d95" />
          <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2.5" fill="#4c1d95" />
        </g>

        
        
        <g transform="translate(345, 235) rotate(-20)">
          <rect x="-18" y="-10" width="36" height="20" rx="10" fill="url(#mitoGrad)" stroke="#c2410c" stroke-width="1.8" />
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        <g transform="translate(395, 290) rotate(15)">
          <rect x="-18" y="-10" width="36" height="20" rx="10" fill="url(#mitoGrad)" stroke="#c2410c" stroke-width="1.8" />
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        </g>

        
        <g transform="translate(345, 315) rotate(-10)">
          <rect x="-16" y="-9" width="32" height="18" rx="9" fill="url(#mitoGrad)" stroke="#c2410c" stroke-width="1.8" />
          <path d="M-8,-4 Q-5,0 -8,4 M-2,-4 Q1,0 -2,4 M4,-4 Q7,0 4,4" stroke="#ffedd5" stroke-width="1.6" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" />
        </g>
      </g>

      
      <g id="grp-labels" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1e2945">
        
        <g class="fade-target" id="lbl-sieve">
          <text x="165" y="16" text-anchor="middle" fill="#15803d">Sieve Plate</text>
        </g>

        
        <g class="fade-target" id="lbl-tube">
          <text x="165" y="215" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0f766e">Sieve Tube<tspan x="165" dy="18">Element</tspan></text>
        </g>

        
        <g class="fade-target" id="lbl-companion">
          <text x="371" y="42" text-anchor="middle" fill="#b45309">Companion Cell</text>
        </g>

        
        <g class="fade-target" id="lbl-nucleus">
          <text x="415" y="148" font-size="12" fill="#7e22ce">Nucleus</text>
        </g>

        
        <g class="fade-target" id="lbl-mito">
          <text x="424" y="250" font-size="12" fill="#c2410c">Mitochondria<tspan x="424" dy="15" font-size="11" fill="#eab308">(ATP)</tspan></text>
        </g>

        
        <g class="fade-target" id="lbl-plasmo">
          <text x="277" y="318" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11.5" fill="#15803d">Plasmodesmata</text>
        </g>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  <script>
    const tabs = document.querySelectorAll('.btn-tab');
    const grpSieveTube = document.getElementById('grp-sieve-tube');
    const grpSievePlates = document.getElementById('grp-sieve-plates');
    const grpPlasmo = document.getElementById('grp-plasmodesmata');
    const grpCompanion = document.getElementById('grp-companion-cell');
    
    const lblSieve = document.getElementById('lbl-sieve');
    const lblTube = document.getElementById('lbl-tube');
    const lblCompanion = document.getElementById('lbl-companion');
    const lblNucleus = document.getElementById('lbl-nucleus');
    const lblMito = document.getElementById('lbl-mito');
    const lblPlasmo = document.getElementById('lbl-plasmo');

    const allElements = [
      grpSieveTube, grpSievePlates, grpPlasmo, grpCompanion,
      lblSieve, lblTube, lblCompanion, lblNucleus, lblMito, lblPlasmo
    ];

    function setFocus(type) {
      allElements.forEach(el => {
        el.classList.remove('dimmed', 'highlight-focus');
      });

      if (type === 'sieve') {
        grpCompanion.classList.add('dimmed');
        grpPlasmo.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblCompanion.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblNucleus.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblMito.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblPlasmo.classList.add('dimmed');
        grpSievePlates.classList.add('highlight-focus');
      } else if (type === 'companion') {
        grpSieveTube.classList.add('dimmed');
        grpSievePlates.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblSieve.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblTube.classList.add('dimmed');
        grpCompanion.classList.add('highlight-focus');
      } else if (type === 'plasmo') {
        grpSievePlates.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblSieve.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblTube.classList.add('dimmed');
        lblNucleus.classList.add('dimmed');
        grpPlasmo.classList.add('highlight-focus');
      }
    }

    tabs.forEach(tab => {
      tab.addEventListener('click', () => {
        tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.remove('active'));
        tab.classList.add('active');
        setFocus(tab.getAttribute('data-focus'));
      });
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Münch Pressure-Flow Model</title>
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif; }
    body {
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: flex-start;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      margin: 0;
      overflow-x: hidden;
    }

    .stepper-nav {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 500px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .btn-step {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 20px;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #334155;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    }

    .btn-step.active {
      background: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #2563eb;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.3);
    }

    .btn-play {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 50%;
      width: 32px;
      height: 32px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #1e2945;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      transition: background 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
    }

    .btn-play:hover {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-color: #94a3b8;
    }

    .diagram-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 500px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .diagram-svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
    }

    /* Step-based opacity transitions - maintaining at least 3:1 contrast for legibility when inactive */
    .step-el {
      transition: opacity 0.35s ease, filter 0.35s ease;
      opacity: 0.52;
    }

    .step-el.highlight {
      opacity: 1;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15));
    }

    /* Flow pulse animations */
    @keyframes pulseArrow {
      0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
      50% { transform: translateY(5px); }
    }

    .bulk-arrow {
      animation: pulseArrow 1.6s infinite ease-in-out;
      transform-origin: center;
    }

    @keyframes waterTranspiration {
      0% { transform: translateY(0); }
      100% { transform: translateY(-16px); }
    }

    .xylem-stream {
      animation: waterTranspiration 1.2s infinite linear;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="stepper-nav">
    <button class="btn-play" id="playBtn" aria-label="Play or pause animation">⏸</button>
    <button class="btn-step active" data-step="0">1. Loading</button>
    <button class="btn-step" data-step="1">2. Osmosis</button>
    <button class="btn-step" data-step="2">3. Bulk Flow</button>
    <button class="btn-step" data-step="3">4. Unloading</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="diagram-container">
    <svg class="diagram-svg" viewBox="0 8 500 346">
      <defs>
        
        <marker id="arrow-blue" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1 L 8 5 L 0 9 z" fill="#1d4ed8" />
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrow-amber" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1 L 8 5 L 0 9 z" fill="#c2410c" />
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrow-bulk" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1 L 8 5 L 0 9 z" fill="#0369a1" />
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrow-xylem" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1 L 8 5 L 0 9 z" fill="#60a5fa" />
        </marker>
      </defs>

      
      
      <rect x="90" y="32" width="75" height="295" rx="8" fill="#eff6ff" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2.5" />
      <text x="127" y="24" text-anchor="middle" fill="#1e40af" font-weight="800" font-size="14">XYLEM</text>
      
      
      <g class="xylem-stream" fill="none" stroke="#60a5fa" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#arrow-xylem)">
        <path d="M 127 305 L 127 265" />
        <path d="M 127 225 L 127 185" />
        <path d="M 127 145 L 127 105" />
        <path d="M 127 65 L 127 40" />
      </g>
      <text x="127" y="344" text-anchor="middle" fill="#475569" font-size="12" font-weight="700">Water</text>

      
      <rect x="235" y="32" width="75" height="295" rx="8" fill="#fffbeb" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2.5" />
      <text x="272" y="24" text-anchor="middle" fill="#92400e" font-weight="800" font-size="14">PHLOEM</text>

      
      <g stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-dasharray="6,4">
        <line x1="235" y1="115" x2="310" y2="115" />
        <line x1="235" y1="185" x2="310" y2="185" />
        <line x1="235" y1="255" x2="310" y2="255" />
      </g>

      
      <rect x="360" y="42" width="125" height="74" rx="8" fill="#f0fdf4" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="2" />
      <text x="422" y="68" text-anchor="middle" fill="#14532d" font-weight="800" font-size="14">🍃 Source (Leaf)</text>
      <text x="422" y="88" text-anchor="middle" fill="#166534" font-size="12" font-weight="600">High Sugar</text>

      
      <rect x="360" y="238" width="125" height="74" rx="8" fill="#fafaf9" stroke="#78716c" stroke-width="2" />
      <text x="422" y="264" text-anchor="middle" fill="#292524" font-weight="800" font-size="14">🥕 Sink (Root)</text>
      <text x="422" y="284" text-anchor="middle" fill="#57534e" font-size="12" font-weight="600">Low Sugar</text>

      
      <g id="step1-el" class="step-el highlight">
        <path d="M 360 79 L 316 79" fill="none" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="3" marker-end="url(#arrow-amber)" />
        
        <circle cx="345" cy="71" r="5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="330" cy="71" r="5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <rect x="315" y="88" width="48" height="18" rx="4" fill="#fef08a" stroke="#a16207" stroke-width="1.2" />
        <text x="339" y="101" text-anchor="middle" fill="#713f12" font-size="10.5" font-weight="800">⚡ ATP</text>
        
        <circle cx="255" cy="65" r="5.5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="275" cy="75" r="5.5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="290" cy="60" r="5.5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="260" cy="90" r="5.5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="282" cy="98" r="5.5" fill="#ea580c" />
      </g>

      
      <g id="step2-el" class="step-el">
        <path d="M 165 79 L 227 79" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-dasharray="4,3" marker-end="url(#arrow-blue)" />
        <rect x="171" y="53" width="52" height="20" rx="4" fill="#dbeafe" stroke="#1d4ed8" stroke-width="1.2" />
        <text x="197" y="67" text-anchor="middle" fill="#1e3a8a" font-size="10.5" font-weight="800">Osmosis</text>
        
        <rect x="240" y="38" width="65" height="18" rx="4" fill="#fee2e2" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.2" />
        <text x="272.5" y="51" text-anchor="middle" fill="#991b1b" font-size="10" font-weight="800">High Pressure</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="step3-el" class="step-el">
        <g class="bulk-arrow">
          <path d="M 272 130 L 272 225" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="4" marker-end="url(#arrow-bulk)" />
        </g>
        
        <circle cx="258" cy="145" r="5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="286" cy="165" r="5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="256" cy="205" r="5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="288" cy="225" r="5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <rect x="240" y="190" width="65" height="18" rx="4" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.2" />
        <text x="272.5" y="203" text-anchor="middle" fill="#075985" font-size="10" font-weight="800">Bulk Flow ↓</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="step4-el" class="step-el">
        
        <path d="M 310 275 L 354 275" fill="none" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="3" marker-end="url(#arrow-amber)" />
        <circle cx="325" cy="267" r="5" fill="#ea580c" />
        <circle cx="342" cy="267" r="5" fill="#ea580c" />
        
        <path d="M 235 275 L 173 275" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-dasharray="4,3" marker-end="url(#arrow-blue)" />
        <rect x="174" y="283" width="52" height="20" rx="4" fill="#dbeafe" stroke="#1d4ed8" stroke-width="1.2" />
        <text x="200" y="297" text-anchor="middle" fill="#1e3a8a" font-size="10.5" font-weight="800">Osmosis</text>
        
        <rect x="240" y="298" width="65" height="18" rx="4" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.2" />
        <text x="272.5" y="311" text-anchor="middle" fill="#075985" font-size="10" font-weight="800">Low Pressure</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  <script>
    let currentStep = 0;
    let isPlaying = true;
    let timer = null;

    const stepButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.btn-step');
    const playBtn = document.getElementById('playBtn');
    const stepElements = [
      document.getElementById('step1-el'),
      document.getElementById('step2-el'),
      document.getElementById('step3-el'),
      document.getElementById('step4-el')
    ];

    function setStep(index) {
      currentStep = index;
      stepButtons.forEach((btn, i) => {
        btn.classList.toggle('active', i === currentStep);
      });
      stepElements.forEach((el, i) => {
        el.classList.toggle('highlight', i === currentStep);
      });
    }

    function nextStep() {
      setStep((currentStep + 1) % 4);
    }

    function startTimer() {
      stopTimer();
      timer = setInterval(nextStep, 3200);
    }

    function stopTimer() {
      if (timer) {
        clearInterval(timer);
        timer = null;
      }
    }

    function togglePlay() {
      isPlaying = !isPlaying;
      playBtn.textContent = isPlaying ? '⏸' : '▶';
      if (isPlaying) {
        startTimer();
      } else {
        stopTimer();
      }
    }

    stepButtons.forEach(btn => {
      btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
        const step = parseInt(btn.getAttribute('data-step'), 10);
        setStep(step);
        if (isPlaying) startTimer(); // reset interval timing on manual click
      });
    });

    playBtn.addEventListener('click', togglePlay);

    // Start auto-play
    startTimer();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Plant Vascular Pathways</title>
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #0f172a;
      background: #f8fafc;
      padding: 16px 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100vh;
      overflow-x: hidden;
    }
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 20px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 500px;
    }
    .pathway-column {
      background: transparent;
      padding: 6px 4px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      text-align: center;
      position: relative;
    }
    .badge {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      padding: 5px 14px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }
    .badge-xylem {
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
    }
    .badge-phloem {
      background: #ffedd5;
      color: #c2410c;
      border: 1px solid #fed7aa;
    }
    .cargo-label {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      min-height: 18px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }
    .vessel-box {
      width: 100%;
      height: 220px;
      position: relative;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
    }
    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .direction-pill {
      margin-top: 12px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 9999px;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      letter-spacing: 0.2px;
    }
    .dir-xylem {
      background: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
    }
    .dir-phloem {
      background: #ea580c;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    /* Smooth Animations */
    @keyframes moveUp {
      0% { transform: translateY(185px); opacity: 0; }
      10% { opacity: 1; }
      90% { opacity: 1; }
      100% { transform: translateY(-10px); opacity: 0; }
    }
    @keyframes moveDown {
      0% { transform: translateY(-10px); opacity: 0; }
      10% { opacity: 1; }
      90% { opacity: 1; }
      100% { transform: translateY(185px); opacity: 0; }
    }

    .flow-up-1 { animation: moveUp 4.2s ease-in-out infinite; }
    .flow-up-2 { animation: moveUp 4.2s ease-in-out infinite 1.4s; }
    .flow-up-3 { animation: moveUp 4.2s ease-in-out infinite 2.8s; }

    .phloem-up-1 { animation: moveUp 4.8s ease-in-out infinite; }
    .phloem-up-2 { animation: moveUp 4.8s ease-in-out infinite 2.4s; }

    .phloem-down-1 { animation: moveDown 4.8s ease-in-out infinite 1.2s; }
    .phloem-down-2 { animation: moveDown 4.8s ease-in-out infinite 3.6s; }

    @media (max-width: 380px) {
      .grid { gap: 12px; }
      .pathway-column { padding: 4px 2px; }
      .badge { font-size: 13px; padding: 4px 10px; }
      .cargo-label { font-size: 12px; }
      .vessel-box { height: 190px; }
      .direction-pill { font-size: 11px; padding: 4px 8px; }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="pathway-column">
      <div class="badge badge-xylem">Xylem</div>
      <div class="cargo-label">Water &amp; Minerals</div>

      <div class="vessel-box">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 120 200">
          <defs>
            <clipPath id="xylem-clip">
              <rect x="25" y="5" width="70" height="190" rx="10" />
            </clipPath>
          </defs>

          
          <rect x="25" y="5" width="70" height="190" rx="10" fill="#f0f9ff" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="2.5" />
          
          
          <ellipse cx="60" cy="40" rx="28" ry="6" fill="none" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="4 3" />
          <ellipse cx="60" cy="100" rx="28" ry="6" fill="none" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="4 3" />
          <ellipse cx="60" cy="160" rx="28" ry="6" fill="none" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="4 3" />

          
          <g clip-path="url(#xylem-clip)">
            <g class="flow-up-1">
              <circle cx="50" cy="10" r="7" fill="#0284c7" />
              <polygon points="50,1 46,9 54,9" fill="#0284c7" />
            </g>
            <g class="flow-up-2">
              <circle cx="70" cy="10" r="7" fill="#0284c7" />
              <polygon points="70,1 66,9 74,9" fill="#0284c7" />
            </g>
            <g class="flow-up-3">
              <circle cx="60" cy="10" r="7" fill="#0284c7" />
              <polygon points="60,1 56,9 64,9" fill="#0284c7" />
            </g>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="direction-pill dir-xylem">▲ One-Way (Up)</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="pathway-column">
      <div class="badge badge-phloem">Phloem</div>
      <div class="cargo-label">Sugars &amp; Nutrients</div>

      <div class="vessel-box">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 120 200">
          <defs>
            <clipPath id="phloem-clip">
              <rect x="25" y="5" width="70" height="190" rx="10" />
            </clipPath>
          </defs>

          
          <rect x="25" y="5" width="70" height="190" rx="10" fill="#fffaf5" stroke="#fb923c" stroke-width="2.5" />

          
          <g stroke="#fed7aa" stroke-width="2.5">
            <line x1="28" y1="68" x2="92" y2="68" stroke-dasharray="7 5" stroke-linecap="round" />
            <line x1="28" y1="132" x2="92" y2="132" stroke-dasharray="7 5" stroke-linecap="round" />
          </g>

          
          <g clip-path="url(#phloem-clip)">
            
            <g class="phloem-up-1">
              <circle cx="46" cy="10" r="6" fill="#ea580c" />
              <polygon points="46,2 43,8 49,8" fill="#ea580c" />
            </g>
            <g class="phloem-up-2">
              <circle cx="46" cy="10" r="6" fill="#ea580c" />
              <polygon points="46,2 43,8 49,8" fill="#ea580c" />
            </g>

            
            <g class="phloem-down-1">
              <circle cx="74" cy="10" r="6" fill="#ea580c" />
              <polygon points="74,18 71,12 77,12" fill="#ea580c" />
            </g>
            <g class="phloem-down-2">
              <circle cx="74" cy="10" r="6" fill="#ea580c" />
              <polygon points="74,18 71,12 77,12" fill="#ea580c" />
            </g>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>

      <div class="direction-pill dir-phloem">▲▼ Two-Way</div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      width: 100%;
      background: #ffffff;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      padding: 10px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .main-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      position: relative;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
    }

    /* Controls bar */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-top: 8px;
    }

    .btn-toggle {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 20px;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
      transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
    }

    .btn-toggle.active {
      background: #0284c7;
      border-color: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    /* Callout labels */
    .label-text {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #1e2945;
    }

    .callout-line {
      stroke: #64748b;
      stroke-width: 1.2;
      stroke-dasharray: 2,2;
    }

    /* Flow particles animation */
    .flow-stream {
      fill: none;
      stroke: #0284c7;
      stroke-width: 3;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      stroke-linejoin: round;
      stroke-dasharray: 8 8;
      animation: waterFlow 1.6s linear infinite;
    }

    .flow-pulse {
      fill: #38bdf8;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 0 3px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.8));
    }

    @keyframes waterFlow {
      from { stroke-dashoffset: 32; }
      to { stroke-dashoffset: 0; }
    }

    .hidden {
      display: none;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="main-wrap">
  <div class="svg-container">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 500 400">
      <defs>
        
        <linearGradient id="ligninGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#b45309" />
          <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d97706" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#92400e" />
        </linearGradient>
        <linearGradient id="lumenGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#e0f2fe" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#bae6fd" />
        </linearGradient>
        <radialGradient id="pitGrad">
          <stop offset="40%" stop-color="#ffffff" />
          <stop offset="85%" stop-color="#cbd5e1" />
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#94a3b8" />
        </radialGradient>
        <filter id="shadow" x="-10%" y="-10%" width="120%" height="120%">
          <feDropShadow dx="1" dy="2" stdDeviation="2" flood-opacity="0.15" />
        </filter>
      </defs>

      
      <polygon points="180,380 155,320 155,140 180,80 205,140 205,320" 
               fill="url(#ligninGrad)" filter="url(#shadow)" />
      
      <polygon points="180,365 163,315 163,145 180,95 197,145 197,315" 
               fill="url(#lumenGrad)" />

      
      <polygon points="225,320 200,260 200,80 225,20 250,80 250,260" 
               fill="url(#ligninGrad)" filter="url(#shadow)" />
      
      <polygon points="225,305 208,255 208,85 225,35 242,85 242,255" 
               fill="url(#lumenGrad)" />

      
      <g id="bordered-pits">
        
        <circle cx="202.5" cy="160" r="11" fill="url(#pitGrad)" stroke="#78350f" stroke-width="1.8" />
        <circle cx="202.5" cy="160" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7" opacity="0.8" />

        
        <circle cx="202.5" cy="200" r="11" fill="url(#pitGrad)" stroke="#78350f" stroke-width="1.8" />
        <circle cx="202.5" cy="200" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7" opacity="0.8" />

        
        <circle cx="202.5" cy="240" r="11" fill="url(#pitGrad)" stroke="#78350f" stroke-width="1.8" />
        <circle cx="202.5" cy="240" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7" opacity="0.8" />
      </g>

      
      <g id="water-flow-group">
        
        <path d="M 180,360 L 180,240 Q 180,200 202.5,200 Q 225,200 225,160 L 225,40" class="flow-stream" />
        <path d="M 174,330 L 174,245 Q 174,240 202.5,240 Q 220,240 220,170 L 220,70" class="flow-stream" opacity="0.6" />
        <path d="M 186,300 L 186,180 Q 186,160 202.5,160 Q 230,160 230,110 L 230,50" class="flow-stream" opacity="0.6" />

        
        <polygon points="180,310 176,318 184,318" fill="#0284c7" />
        <polygon points="214,196 214,204 222,200" fill="#0284c7" />
        <polygon points="225,90 221,98 229,98" fill="#0284c7" />
      </g>

      
      <g id="callouts">
        
        <polyline points="225,22 280,22 310,22" class="callout-line" />
        <circle cx="225" cy="22" r="3" fill="#64748b" />
        <text x="316" y="26" class="label-text">Tapered End</text>

        
        <polyline points="250,150 310,150 330,150" class="callout-line" />
        <circle cx="250" cy="150" r="3" fill="#64748b" />
        <text x="336" y="154" class="label-text">Lignified Wall</text>

        
        <polyline points="175,340 110,340 90,340" class="callout-line" />
        <circle cx="175" cy="340" r="3" fill="#64748b" />
        <text x="40" y="344" class="label-text">Lumen</text>

        
        <polyline points="213,240 280,270 310,270" class="callout-line" />
        <circle cx="213" cy="240" r="3" fill="#64748b" />
        <text x="316" y="274" class="label-text">Bordered Pit</text>

        
        <polyline points="195,200 120,200 100,200" class="callout-line" />
        <circle cx="195" cy="200" r="3" fill="#64748b" />
        <text x="12" y="204" class="label-text">Lateral Flow</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  <div class="controls">
    <button class="btn-toggle active" id="btnAll" onclick="setMode('all')">✦ All</button>
    <button class="btn-toggle" id="btnFlow" onclick="setMode('flow')">💧 Water Flow</button>
    <button class="btn-toggle" id="btnPits" onclick="setMode('pits')">⭕ Bordered Pits</button>
  </div>
</div>

<script>
  function setMode(mode) {
    document.querySelectorAll('.btn-toggle').forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));
    const flowGroup = document.getElementById('water-flow-group');
    const pitsGroup = document.getElementById('bordered-pits');

    if (mode === 'all') {
      document.getElementById('btnAll').classList.add('active');
      flowGroup.style.opacity = '1';
      pitsGroup.style.opacity = '1';
    } else if (mode === 'flow') {
      document.getElementById('btnFlow').classList.add('active');
      flowGroup.style.opacity = '1';
      pitsGroup.style.opacity = '0.35';
    } else if (mode === 'pits') {
      document.getElementById('btnPits').classList.add('active');
      flowGroup.style.opacity = '0.15';
      pitsGroup.style.opacity = '1';
    }
  }
</script>

</body>
</html>

112.43(b)(12)(B)

Aligned learning resources

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