<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="1:1">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
    }

    body {
      background-color: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    /* Common Banner */
    .banner {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px solid #2563eb;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      text-align: center;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 15px;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    }

    .banner .highlight {
      color: #2563eb;
    }

    /* Comparison Container */
    .comparison-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      flex-grow: 1;
    }

    @media (max-width: 440px) {
      .comparison-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      }
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    .panel {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .panel-header {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
      color: #1e2945;
    }

    .panel-sub {
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #64748b;
      font-weight: 600;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }

    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      height: 180px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Controls */
    .controls {
      margin-top: 12px;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
    }

    .btn {
      background: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 8px 18px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: background 0.2s ease;
    }

    .btn:active {
      background: #1d4ed8;
    }

    /* Interactive state styles */
    .force-arrow {
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
      opacity: 0;
      transform: translateY(-4px);
    }

    .loaded .force-arrow {
      opacity: 1;
      transform: translateY(0);
    }

    .strut-active {
      transition: stroke 0.3s ease, stroke-width 0.3s ease;
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    .loaded .strut-c {
      stroke: #d97706;
      stroke-width: 3.5;
    }

    .loaded .strut-t {
      stroke: #2563eb;
      stroke-width: 3.5;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="banner">
    <span>✦</span>
    <span>High Strength + Low Weight</span>
    <span>✦</span>
  </div>

  
  <div class="comparison-grid" id="compView">
    
    
    <div class="panel">
      <div class="panel-header">Designed System</div>
      <div class="panel-sub">Bridge Truss</div>
      
      <div class="svg-container">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 200 130">
          <defs>
            <marker id="arrow-down" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" refX="3" refY="3" orient="auto">
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            </marker>
            <marker id="force-side" markerWidth="5" markerHeight="5" refX="2.5" refY="2.5" orient="auto">
              <path d="M0,0 L5,2.5 L0,5 Z" fill="#2563eb" />
            </marker>
          </defs>

          
          <g class="force-arrow">
            <line x1="100" y1="5" x2="100" y2="28" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="3" marker-end="url(#arrow-down)"/>
            <text x="108" y="18" font-size="10" font-weight="bold" fill="#d97706">Load</text>
          </g>

          
          <rect x="15" y="102" width="22" height="12" fill="#cbd5e1" rx="2" />
          <rect x="163" y="102" width="22" height="12" fill="#cbd5e1" rx="2" />

          
          <text x="100" y="80" font-size="10" fill="#94a3b8" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="600">Open Air Space</text>

          
          
          <line x1="25" y1="100" x2="175" y2="100" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="3" class="strut-active strut-t"/>
          
          
          <line x1="60" y1="40" x2="140" y2="40" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="3" class="strut-active strut-c"/>

          
          <line x1="25" y1="100" x2="60" y2="40" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" class="strut-active strut-c"/>
          <line x1="60" y1="40" x2="100" y2="100" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" class="strut-active strut-t"/>
          <line x1="100" y1="100" x2="140" y2="40" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" class="strut-active strut-t"/>
          <line x1="140" y1="40" x2="175" y2="100" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" class="strut-active strut-c"/>
          <line x1="60" y1="40" x2="60" y2="100" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2" class="strut-active strut-c"/>
          <line x1="140" y1="40" x2="140" y2="100" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2" class="strut-active strut-c"/>

          
          <circle cx="25" cy="100" r="3.5" fill="#1e2945" />
          <circle cx="60" cy="40" r="3.5" fill="#1e2945" />
          <circle cx="100" cy="100" r="3.5" fill="#1e2945" />
          <circle cx="140" cy="40" r="3.5" fill="#1e2945" />
          <circle cx="175" cy="100" r="3.5" fill="#1e2945" />
          <circle cx="60" cy="100" r="3" fill="#1e2945" />
          <circle cx="140" cy="100" r="3" fill="#1e2945" />

          
          <text x="100" y="122" font-size="11" fill="#1e2945" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Triangular Truss</text>
        </svg>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="panel">
      <div class="panel-header">Natural System</div>
      <div class="panel-sub">Bird Bone Cross-Section</div>
      
      <div class="svg-container">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 200 130">
          
          <g class="force-arrow">
            <line x1="100" y1="5" x2="100" y2="24" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="3" marker-end="url(#arrow-down)"/>
            <text x="108" y="18" font-size="10" font-weight="bold" fill="#d97706">Load</text>
          </g>

          
          <rect x="25" y="32" width="150" height="72" rx="20" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#475569" stroke-width="2"/>
          
          
          <rect x="35" y="42" width="130" height="52" rx="14" fill="#f8fafc" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="1.5"/>

          
          <text x="100" y="80" font-size="10" fill="#94a3b8" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="600">Air Cavity</text>

          
          <g class="struts-group">
            <line x1="45" y1="88" x2="70" y2="44" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" class="strut-active strut-c"/>
            <line x1="70" y1="44" x2="100" y2="92" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" class="strut-active strut-t"/>
            <line x1="100" y1="92" x2="130" y2="44" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" class="strut-active strut-t"/>
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            <line x1="130" y1="44" x2="128" y2="90" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" class="strut-active strut-c"/>
          </g>

          
          <circle cx="70" cy="44" r="3" fill="#475569" />
          <circle cx="100" cy="92" r="3" fill="#475569" />
          <circle cx="130" cy="44" r="3" fill="#475569" />

          
          <text x="100" y="122" font-size="11" fill="#1e2945" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Bone Struts (Trabeculae)</text>
        </svg>
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="btn" id="loadBtn" onclick="toggleForce()">
      <span>Apply Force ⬇</span>
    </button>
  </div>

  <script>
    let isLoaded = false;
    function toggleForce() {
      isLoaded = !isLoaded;
      const grid = document.getElementById('compView');
      const btn = document.getElementById('loadBtn');
      
      if (isLoaded) {
        grid.classList.add('loaded');
        btn.innerHTML = '<span>Reset ↺</span>';
        btn.style.background = '#d97706';
      } else {
        grid.classList.remove('loaded');
        btn.innerHTML = '<span>Apply Force ⬇</span>';
        btn.style.background = '#2563eb';
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Relating Structure to Function in Natural and Designed Systems

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
      height: 100%;
    }
    .panel {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      flex: 1;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }
    .panel-header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e2945;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
    }
    .tag {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #64748b;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    }
    .diagram-svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      max-height: 160px;
      display: block;
    }
    .label {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      fill: #475569;
    }
    .label-bold {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #1e2945;
    }
    .dim-line {
      stroke: #94a3b8;
      stroke-width: 1;
      stroke-dasharray: 2 2;
    }
    .arrow-o2 {
      stroke: #0284c7;
      stroke-width: 1.5;
      marker-end: url(#arrow-blue);
    }
    @keyframes squeeze {
      0%, 100% { transform: translateX(0px); }
      50% { transform: translateX(38px); }
    }
    @keyframes floatVapor {
      0% { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 0.2; }
      50% { opacity: 1; }
      100% { transform: translateY(-34px); opacity: 0; }
    }
    .capillary-rbc {
      animation: squeeze 4s ease-in-out infinite;
    }
    .vapor-p1 { animation: floatVapor 2.4s ease-in infinite; }
    .vapor-p2 { animation: floatVapor 2.4s ease-in infinite 0.8s; }
    .vapor-p3 { animation: floatVapor 2.4s ease-in infinite 1.6s; }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-header">
      <span>Red Blood Cell</span>
      <span class="tag">Natural Structure</span>
    </div>
    <svg class="diagram-svg" viewBox="0 0 460 145">
      <defs>
        <marker id="arrow-blue" viewBox="0 0 6 6" refX="5" refY="3" markerWidth="4" markerHeight="4" orient="auto">
          <path d="M 0 0 L 6 3 L 0 6 z" fill="#0284c7" />
        </marker>
      </defs>

      
      <g transform="translate(15, 8)">
        <text x="75" y="16" text-anchor="middle" class="label-bold">Biconcave Disc (7.5 µm)</text>
        
        
        <path d="M 25 70 C 25 46, 55 46, 75 58 C 95 46, 125 46, 125 70 C 125 94, 95 94, 75 82 C 55 94, 25 94, 25 70 Z" 
              fill="#ef4444" fill-opacity="0.2" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="2.5" />
        
        
        <line x1="75" y1="36" x2="75" y2="52" class="arrow-o2" />
        <line x1="75" y1="104" x2="75" y2="88" class="arrow-o2" />
        <line x1="12" y1="70" x2="21" y2="70" class="arrow-o2" />
        <line x1="138" y1="70" x2="129" y2="70" class="arrow-o2" />

        <text x="75" y="125" text-anchor="middle" class="label">O₂ Diffusion</text>
      </g>

      
      <line x1="185" y1="15" x2="185" y2="130" stroke="#e2e8f0" stroke-width="1.5" />

      
      <g transform="translate(205, 8)">
        <text x="120" y="16" text-anchor="middle" class="label-bold">Flexibility in Capillary (5 µm)</text>
        
        
        <path d="M 10 44 L 90 44 Q 120 54 150 54 L 230 54" fill="none" stroke="#fda4af" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" />
        <path d="M 10 96 L 90 96 Q 120 86 150 86 L 230 86" fill="none" stroke="#fda4af" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" />

        
        <g class="capillary-rbc">
          <path d="M 115 70 C 115 58, 145 61, 155 70 C 145 79, 115 82, 115 70 Z" 
                fill="#dc2626" stroke="#b91c1c" stroke-width="2" />
        </g>
        <text x="120" y="125" text-anchor="middle" class="label">Bends to Fit</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  
  <div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-header">
      <span>Porous Membrane</span>
      <span class="tag">Designed Structure</span>
    </div>
    <svg class="diagram-svg" viewBox="0 0 460 145">
      
      <g transform="translate(30, 0)">
        
        <path d="M 90 20 C 65 52, 50 68, 50 85 C 50 106, 68 114, 90 114 C 112 114, 130 106, 130 85 C 130 68, 115 52, 90 20 Z" 
              fill="#38bdf8" fill-opacity="0.35" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2" />
        <text x="90" y="80" text-anchor="middle" class="label-bold" fill="#0369a1">Liquid Drop</text>
        <text x="90" y="96" text-anchor="middle" class="label">Too Large ✕</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(200, 68)">
        
        <rect x="0" y="0" width="60" height="12" rx="3" fill="#64748b" />
        <rect x="72" y="0" width="55" height="12" rx="3" fill="#64748b" />
        <rect x="139" y="0" width="55" height="12" rx="3" fill="#64748b" />
        <rect x="206" y="0" width="44" height="12" rx="3" fill="#64748b" />

        <text x="125" y="30" text-anchor="middle" class="label">Micro-pores</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(200, 0)">
        
        <g transform="translate(66, 95)" class="vapor-p1">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5" fill="#38bdf8" />
          <circle cx="-3" cy="3" r="2" fill="#94a3b8" />
          <circle cx="3" cy="3" r="2" fill="#94a3b8" />
        </g>
        
        <g transform="translate(133, 95)" class="vapor-p2">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5" fill="#38bdf8" />
          <circle cx="-3" cy="3" r="2" fill="#94a3b8" />
          <circle cx="3" cy="3" r="2" fill="#94a3b8" />
        </g>
        
        <g transform="translate(200, 95)" class="vapor-p3">
          <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="3.5" fill="#38bdf8" />
          <circle cx="-3" cy="3" r="2" fill="#94a3b8" />
          <circle cx="3" cy="3" r="2" fill="#94a3b8" />
        </g>

        <text x="133" y="24" text-anchor="middle" class="label-bold" fill="#0284c7">Vapor (Sweat)</text>
        <text x="133" y="132" text-anchor="middle" class="label">Passes Through ✓</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: transparent;
      padding: 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
    }
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 620px;
    }
    @media (max-width: 480px) {
      .grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 10px;
      }
    }
    .panel {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
    }
    .panel-blue {
      border-color: #bfdbfe;
    }
    .panel-emerald {
      border-color: #a7f3d0;
    }
    .header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      width: 100%;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }
    .title {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e2945;
    }
    .badge {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 999px;
    }
    .badge-blue {
      background: #eff6ff;
      color: #2563eb;
    }
    .badge-emerald {
      background: #ecfdf5;
      color: #059669;
    }
    .viewbox-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      height: 140px;
      position: relative;
    }
    canvas {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      display: block;
      border-radius: 8px;
    }
    .footer-stat {
      width: 100%;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      margin-top: 6px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
    }
    .meter-bg {
      flex: 1;
      height: 6px;
      background: #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 3px;
      margin-left: 8px;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .meter-fill {
      height: 100%;
      border-radius: 3px;
      transition: width 0.3s ease;
    }
    .fill-blue {
      background: #2563eb;
      width: 12%;
    }
    .fill-emerald {
      background: #059669;
      width: 95%;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="panel panel-blue">
      <div class="header">
        <span class="title">Smooth Tube</span>
        <span class="badge badge-blue">1× Area</span>
      </div>
      <div class="viewbox-wrap">
        <canvas id="canvasSmooth"></canvas>
      </div>
      <div class="footer-stat">
        <span style="color: #64748b;">Absorption</span>
        <div class="meter-bg">
          <div class="meter-fill fill-blue"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="panel panel-emerald">
      <div class="header">
        <span class="title">Folded Villi</span>
        <span class="badge badge-emerald">30× Area</span>
      </div>
      <div class="viewbox-wrap">
        <canvas id="canvasVilli"></canvas>
      </div>
      <div class="footer-stat">
        <span style="color: #059669;">Rapid Absorption</span>
        <div class="meter-bg">
          <div class="meter-fill fill-emerald"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const cSmooth = document.getElementById('canvasSmooth');
    const cVilli = document.getElementById('canvasVilli');
    const ctxS = cSmooth.getContext('2d');
    const ctxV = cVilli.getContext('2d');

    let width, height;

    function resize() {
      const rect = cSmooth.getBoundingClientRect();
      const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
      width = rect.width;
      height = rect.height;

      cSmooth.width = width * dpr;
      cSmooth.height = height * dpr;
      cVilli.width = width * dpr;
      cVilli.height = height * dpr;

      ctxS.scale(dpr, dpr);
      ctxV.scale(dpr, dpr);
    }

    window.addEventListener('resize', resize);
    resize();

    // Particle system
    const numParticles = 24;
    const particlesSmooth = [];
    const particlesVilli = [];

    function initParticle(p, isVilli) {
      p.x = -10 - Math.random() * 80;
      p.y = 20 + Math.random() * (height - 40);
      p.vx = 0.8 + Math.random() * 0.6;
      p.vy = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.4;
      p.radius = 3.5;
      p.alpha = 1;
      p.absorbed = false;
      p.pulse = 0;
    }

    for (let i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) {
      const ps = {};
      initParticle(ps, false);
      ps.x = Math.random() * (width || 200);
      particlesSmooth.push(ps);

      const pv = {};
      initParticle(pv, true);
      pv.x = Math.random() * (width || 200);
      particlesVilli.push(pv);
    }

    function drawSmoothWall() {
      ctxS.fillStyle = '#eff6ff';
      ctxS.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

      // Top and bottom flat membrane
      ctxS.fillStyle = '#dbeafe';
      ctxS.strokeStyle = '#2563eb';
      ctxS.lineWidth = 2.5;

      // Top wall
      ctxS.fillRect(0, 0, width, 18);
      ctxS.beginPath();
      ctxS.moveTo(0, 18);
      ctxS.lineTo(width, 18);
      ctxS.stroke();

      // Bottom wall
      ctxS.fillRect(0, height - 18, width, 18);
      ctxS.beginPath();
      ctxS.moveTo(0, height - 18);
      ctxS.lineTo(width, height - 18);
      ctxS.stroke();
    }

    function getVilliPath(top, time) {
      const numFingers = 6;
      const step = width / numFingers;
      const path = new Path2D();

      if (top) {
        path.moveTo(0, 0);
        path.lineTo(0, 12);
        for (let i = 0; i < numFingers; i++) {
          const x = i * step;
          const sway = Math.sin(time + i * 0.8) * 2;
          path.lineTo(x + step * 0.2, 12);
          path.bezierCurveTo(
            x + step * 0.25 + sway, 44,
            x + step * 0.4 + sway, 48,
            x + step * 0.5 + sway, 48
          );
          path.bezierCurveTo(
            x + step * 0.6 + sway, 48,
            x + step * 0.75 + sway, 44,
            x + step * 0.8, 12
          );
          path.lineTo(x + step, 12);
        }
        path.lineTo(width, 0);
        path.closePath();
      } else {
        path.moveTo(0, height);
        path.lineTo(0, height - 12);
        for (let i = 0; i < numFingers; i++) {
          const x = i * step;
          const sway = Math.sin(time + i * 0.8 + 1) * 2;
          path.lineTo(x + step * 0.2, height - 12);
          path.bezierCurveTo(
            x + step * 0.25 + sway, height - 44,
            x + step * 0.4 + sway, height - 48,
            x + step * 0.5 + sway, height - 48
          );
          path.bezierCurveTo(
            x + step * 0.6 + sway, height - 48,
            x + step * 0.75 + sway, height - 44,
            x + step * 0.8, height - 12
          );
          path.lineTo(x + step, height - 12);
        }
        path.lineTo(width, height);
        path.closePath();
      }
      return path;
    }

    function drawVilliWall(time) {
      ctxV.fillStyle = '#ecfdf5';
      ctxV.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

      ctxV.fillStyle = '#a7f3d0';
      ctxV.strokeStyle = '#059669';
      ctxV.lineWidth = 2;

      const topPath = getVilliPath(true, time);
      ctxV.fill(topPath);
      ctxV.stroke(topPath);

      const botPath = getVilliPath(false, time);
      ctxV.fill(botPath);
      ctxV.stroke(botPath);
    }

    let animTime = 0;

    function loop() {
      animTime += 0.02;

      // Render Smooth
      drawSmoothWall();
      particlesSmooth.forEach(p => {
        p.x += p.vx;
        p.y += p.vy;

        // Wall interaction
        if (p.y <= 22 || p.y >= height - 22) {
          p.alpha -= 0.03;
          if (p.alpha <= 0.1) initParticle(p, false);
        }

        if (p.x > width + 10) {
          initParticle(p, false);
        }

        ctxS.fillStyle = `rgba(217, 119, 6, ${Math.max(0, p.alpha)})`;
        ctxS.beginPath();
        ctxS.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
        ctxS.fill();
      });

      // Render Villi
      drawVilliWall(animTime);
      particlesVilli.forEach(p => {
        p.x += p.vx;
        p.y += p.vy;

        // Villi rapid contact zones
        const inTopVilli = p.y < 50;
        const inBotVilli = p.y > height - 50;

        if (inTopVilli || inBotVilli) {
          p.alpha -= 0.05; // Rapid absorption
          p.radius = Math.max(1, p.radius - 0.05);
          if (p.alpha <= 0.05) {
            initParticle(p, true);
          }
        }

        if (p.x > width + 10) {
          initParticle(p, true);
        }

        ctxV.fillStyle = `rgba(217, 119, 6, ${Math.max(0, p.alpha)})`;
        ctxV.shadowColor = '#fbbf24';
        ctxV.shadowBlur = 4;
        ctxV.beginPath();
        ctxV.arc(p.x, p.y, p.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
        ctxV.fill();
        ctxV.shadowBlur = 0;
      });

      requestAnimationFrame(loop);
    }

    loop();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #0f172a;
      width: 100%;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
    }
    header {
      text-align: center;
    }
    header h1 {
      font-size: 17px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    }
    header p {
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-top: 2px;
    }
    .tabs {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
      margin: 0 auto;
    }
    .tab-btn {
      flex: 1;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      cursor: pointer;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(37,99,235,0);
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      user-select: none;
    }
    .tab-btn:hover {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0f172a;
    }
    .tab-btn.active {
      background: #2563eb;
      border-color: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(37,99,235,0.25);
    }

    .stage {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: row;
      align-items: stretch;
      gap: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      min-height: 220px;
    }

    .col-card {
      flex: 1;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      position: relative;
    }

    .col-title {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 800;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.05em;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .col-title span {
      color: #2563eb;
    }

    .diagram-viewport {
      width: 100%;
      height: 140px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .caption-badge {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #1e293b;
      background: #eff6ff;
      border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 4px 8px;
      text-align: center;
      width: 100%;
    }

    .connector {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 4px;
      padding: 0 2px;
    }
    .connector-line {
      width: 28px;
      height: 2px;
      background: #94a3b8;
      position: relative;
    }
    .connector-text {
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 800;
      color: #2563eb;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      background: #eff6ff;
      padding: 2px 4px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      border: 1px solid #dbeafe;
    }

    .banner {
      max-width: 600px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      width: 100%;
      background: #0f172a;
      color: #f8fafc;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      text-align: center;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 500;
    }
    .banner strong {
      color: #60a5fa;
    }

    @media (max-width: 440px) {
      .stage {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 6px;
      }
      .connector {
        flex-direction: row;
        padding: 2px 0;
      }
      .connector-line {
        width: 40px;
        height: 2px;
      }
      .diagram-viewport {
        height: 120px;
      }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <header>
    <h1>Structure Determines Function</h1>
    <p>Physical form dictates what a tool can do</p>
  </header>

  <div class="tabs">
    <button class="tab-btn active" onclick="selectTool(0)">
      <span>🔪</span> Chef's Knife
    </button>
    <button class="tab-btn" onclick="selectTool(1)">
      <span>🌪️</span> Whisk
    </button>
    <button class="tab-btn" onclick="selectTool(2)">
      <span>🥞</span> Spatula
    </button>
  </div>

  <div class="stage">
    
    <div class="col-card">
      <div class="col-title">Structure <span>• Form</span></div>
      <div class="diagram-viewport" id="structSvg"></div>
      <div class="caption-badge" id="structLabel">Wedge Cross-Section</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="connector">
      <div class="connector-text">ENABLES</div>
      <svg width="24" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 16">
        <path d="M2 8h16M14 3l5 5-5 5" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
      </svg>
    </div>

    
    <div class="col-card">
      <div class="col-title">Function <span>• Action</span></div>
      <div class="diagram-viewport" id="funcSvg"></div>
      <div class="caption-badge" id="funcLabel">Concentrated Pressure</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="banner">
    <strong>Core Principle:</strong> Changing physical shape completely changes capability.
  </div>

  <script>
    const data = [
      // 0: Knife
      {
        structLabel: "Sharp Wedge Cross-Section",
        funcLabel: "High Pressure Slicing",
        structSvg: `
          <svg viewBox="0 0 160 120" width="100%" height="100%">
            
            <polygon points="70,15 90,15 81,95 79,95" fill="#94a3b8" stroke="#334155" stroke-width="2"/>
            <line x1="80" y1="15" x2="80" y2="95" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="2 2"/>
            
            <circle cx="80" cy="15" r="3" fill="#2563eb"/>
            <text x="96" y="19" font-size="10" font-weight="700" fill="#2563eb">Broad Spine</text>
            
            <circle cx="80" cy="95" r="3" fill="#2563eb"/>
            <text x="94" y="99" font-size="10" font-weight="700" fill="#2563eb">Micro Edge</text>
            <text x="80" y="114" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b">Area = 0.05 mm²</text>
          </svg>
        `,
        funcSvg: `
          <svg viewBox="0 0 160 120" width="100%" height="100%">
            
            <path d="M80,10 L80,35" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="3" marker-end="url(#arrow)" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <polygon points="76,33 80,42 84,33" fill="#ef4444"/>
            <text x="90" y="24" font-size="10" font-weight="700" fill="#ef4444">Force (F)</text>
            
            <polygon points="72,40 88,40 80,65" fill="#94a3b8" stroke="#334155" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            
            <rect x="25" y="65" width="53" height="35" rx="3" fill="#fed7aa" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <rect x="82" y="65" width="53" height="35" rx="3" fill="#fed7aa" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            
            <text x="80" y="114" font-size="10" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0f172a">High Pressure = F ÷ Tiny Area</text>
          </svg>
        `
      },
      // 1: Whisk
      {
        structLabel: "Flexible Wire Mesh Cage",
        funcLabel: "Fluid Aeration & Vortices",
        structSvg: `
          <svg viewBox="0 0 160 120" width="100%" height="100%">
            
            <rect x="73" y="8" width="14" height="28" rx="3" fill="#334155"/>
            
            <ellipse cx="80" cy="72" rx="38" ry="34" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2"/>
            <ellipse cx="80" cy="72" rx="26" ry="34" fill="none" stroke="#60a5fa" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <ellipse cx="80" cy="72" rx="12" ry="34" fill="none" stroke="#93c5fd" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            
            <circle cx="80" cy="72" r="3" fill="#2563eb"/>
            <text x="80" y="114" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b">Open Cage Channels</text>
          </svg>
        `,
        funcSvg: `
          <svg viewBox="0 0 160 120" width="100%" height="100%">
            
            <path d="M25,30 L25,95 Q80,105 135,95 L135,30" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            
            <path d="M50,55 Q60,40 70,55 Q65,65 58,60" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <path d="M110,55 Q100,40 90,55 Q95,65 102,60" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            
            <circle cx="80" cy="50" r="5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <circle cx="68" cy="75" r="4" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <circle cx="92" cy="72" r="6" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <circle cx="80" cy="88" r="3.5" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            <text x="80" y="114" font-size="10" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0369a1">Traps Air via Turbulence</text>
          </svg>
        `
      },
      // 2: Spatula
      {
        structLabel: "Broad Flat Thin Plane",
        funcLabel: "Load Support & Easy Sliding",
        structSvg: `
          <svg viewBox="0 0 160 120" width="100%" height="100%">
            
            <path d="M30,30 L65,55" stroke="#334155" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            
            <path d="M65,55 L80,75" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            
            <polygon points="75,72 145,68 140,82 70,86" fill="#cbd5e1" stroke="#475569" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            
            <line x1="145" y1="60" x2="145" y2="90" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="2 2"/>
            <text x="145" y="102" font-size="9" text-anchor="end" font-weight="700" fill="#2563eb">Thin Leading Edge</text>
            <text x="80" y="114" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b">Large Surface Area</text>
          </svg>
        `,
        funcSvg: `
          <svg viewBox="0 0 160 120" width="100%" height="100%">
            
            <line x1="15" y1="90" x2="145" y2="90" stroke="#475569" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            
            <path d="M55,68 Q95,60 135,68 L135,76 Q95,78 55,76 Z" fill="#fde047" stroke="#ca8a04" stroke-width="1.5"/>
            
            <polygon points="35,78 128,75 125,82 35,84" fill="#94a3b8" stroke="#1e293b" stroke-width="1.2"/>
            
            <path d="M70,88 L70,80" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <path d="M95,88 L95,80" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <path d="M120,88 L120,80" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
            <text x="80" y="114" font-size="10" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle" fill="#15803d">Even Weight Distribution</text>
          </svg>
        `
      }
    ];

    function selectTool(index) {
      const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('.tab-btn');
      buttons.forEach((btn, i) => {
        btn.classList.toggle('active', i === index);
      });

      const tool = data[index];
      document.getElementById('structSvg').innerHTML = tool.structSvg;
      document.getElementById('funcSvg').innerHTML = tool.funcSvg;
      document.getElementById('structLabel').textContent = tool.structLabel;
      document.getElementById('funcLabel').textContent = tool.funcLabel;
    }

    // Initialize first state
    selectTool(0);
  </script>
</body>
</html>

OGS.8.SEP.7

Aligned learning resources

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