<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>Water Cycle Model</title>
  <script src="{{VENDOR_CDN}}/gsap.min.js"></script>
  <script src="{{VENDOR_CDN}}/classace-diagram.js"></script>
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 10px;
      user-select: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
    }

    .diagram-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      position: relative;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Interactive controls */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      margin-top: 10px;
      width: 100%;
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    .btn-step {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 20px;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
      transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    }

    .btn-step.active {
      background: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(2,132,199,0.3);
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    .btn-play {
      background: #0f172a;
      color: #fff;
      border: 1px solid #0f172a;
      border-radius: 20px;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
    }

    /* Stage highlight boxes */
    .stage-label {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-anchor: middle;
      transition: opacity 0.3s;
    }

    .label-badge {
      rx: 6px;
      transition: fill 0.3s, stroke 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;
    }

    .active-glow {
      filter: drop-shadow(0 0 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.6));
    }

    /* Animation paths */
    .flow-dash {
      stroke-dasharray: 6 6;
      animation: dashFlow 1.2s linear infinite;
    }

    @keyframes dashFlow {
      to { stroke-dashoffset: -24; }
    }

    .particle {
      fill: #38bdf8;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="diagram-wrap">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 540 360" aria-label="Water cycle model">
      <defs>
        
        <linearGradient id="skyGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="0%" y2="100%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#bae6fd"/>
          <stop offset="65%" stop-color="#e0f2fe"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#f8fafc"/>
        </linearGradient>

        
        <linearGradient id="oceanGrad" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="0%" y2="100%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0284c7"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0369a1"/>
        </linearGradient>

        
        <radialGradient id="sunGlow">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fef08a" stop-opacity="1"/>
          <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#facc15" stop-opacity="0.9"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#eab308" stop-opacity="0"/>
        </radialGradient>

        
        <marker id="arrow" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" fill="#0284c7"/>
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrow-active" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" fill="#2563eb"/>
        </marker>
      </defs>

      
      <rect width="540" height="360" rx="16" fill="url(#skyGrad)"/>

      
      <g id="sunGroup">
        <circle cx="65" cy="55" r="38" fill="url(#sunGlow)" opacity="0.6"/>
        <circle cx="65" cy="55" r="22" fill="#facc15"/>
        
        <g stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" opacity="0.8">
          <line x1="65" y1="24" x2="65" y2="16"/>
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          <line x1="43" y1="77" x2="37" y2="83"/>
          <line x1="87" y1="33" x2="93" y2="27"/>
        </g>
        
        <path d="M 65 85 Q 80 160 90 230" fill="none" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-dasharray="4 4" opacity="0.5"/>
        <path d="M 85 75 Q 115 155 130 230" fill="none" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-dasharray="4 4" opacity="0.5"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="mountainsGroup">
        
        <polygon points="280,260 380,105 480,260" fill="#94a3b8"/>
        <polygon points="380,105 355,145 375,140 385,150 405,145" fill="#f8fafc"/>
        
        
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        <path d="M 230 280 Q 280 200 360 210 Q 440 220 540 240 L 540 360 L 220 360 Z" fill="#22c55e"/>
        <path d="M 220 280 Q 290 240 380 250 L 540 280 L 540 360 L 220 360 Z" fill="#16a34a"/>
      </g>

      
      <path id="riverPath" d="M 430 170 Q 380 215 325 245 Q 260 280 180 295" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="9" stroke-linecap="round"/>
      <path d="M 430 170 Q 380 215 325 245 Q 260 280 180 295" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round"/>

      
      <path d="M 370 290 Q 280 320 180 325" fill="none" stroke="#0ea5e9" stroke-width="3" stroke-dasharray="3 5" opacity="0.7"/>

      
      <g id="oceanGroup">
        <path d="M 0 255 Q 60 250 120 260 Q 170 268 220 285 L 220 360 L 0 360 Z" fill="url(#oceanGrad)"/>
        
        <path d="M 20 270 Q 35 266 50 270 M 80 280 Q 100 275 120 280 M 30 305 Q 60 300 90 305" fill="none" stroke="#7dd3fc" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" opacity="0.8"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="cloudsGroup">
        
        <g fill="#f8fafc" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="1.5">
          
          <g transform="translate(195, 45)">
            <ellipse cx="60" cy="40" rx="35" ry="22"/>
            <ellipse cx="40" cy="45" rx="25" ry="18"/>
            <ellipse cx="85" cy="45" rx="28" ry="19"/>
            <ellipse cx="50" cy="30" rx="22" ry="20"/>
            <ellipse cx="72" cy="32" rx="24" ry="19"/>
          </g>
          
          <g transform="translate(330, 48)" fill="#e2e8f0">
            <ellipse cx="65" cy="40" rx="38" ry="22"/>
            <ellipse cx="40" cy="46" rx="28" ry="18"/>
            <ellipse cx="95" cy="46" rx="30" ry="19"/>
            <ellipse cx="55" cy="30" rx="26" ry="20"/>
            <ellipse cx="80" cy="30" rx="26" ry="19"/>
          </g>
        </g>
      </g>

      

      
      <g id="evapGroup">
        <path d="M 60 250 Q 50 180 90 125 Q 120 85 190 75" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="3" stroke-linecap="round" class="flow-dash" marker-end="url(#arrow)"/>
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        <circle class="particle p-evap" cx="60" cy="245" r="4"/>
        <circle class="particle p-evap" cx="110" cy="250" r="3.5"/>
        <circle class="particle p-evap" cx="150" cy="260" r="3"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="condGroup">
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        <circle cx="255" cy="75" r="4" fill="#0369a1" opacity="0.7"/>
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        <circle cx="370" cy="85" r="3.5" fill="#0369a1" opacity="0.7"/>
        <circle cx="395" cy="78" r="4.5" fill="#0284c7" opacity="0.8"/>
        <circle cx="420" cy="88" r="3.5" fill="#0369a1" opacity="0.7"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="precipGroup" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round">
        <line x1="360" y1="118" x2="350" y2="138" stroke-dasharray="4 6" class="flow-dash"/>
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        <line x1="425" y1="122" x2="415" y2="146" stroke-dasharray="4 6" class="flow-dash"/>
        <line x1="445" y1="118" x2="435" y2="138" stroke-dasharray="4 6" class="flow-dash"/>
      </g>

      
      <g id="runoffGroup">
        <circle class="particle p-run" cx="420" cy="180" r="3.5"/>
        <circle class="particle p-run" cx="350" cy="230" r="4"/>
        <circle class="particle p-run" cx="260" cy="275" r="4.5"/>
      </g>

      

      
      <g id="badge-0" transform="translate(45, 155)">
        <rect class="label-badge" x="-4" y="-16" width="108" height="24" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text class="stage-label" x="50" y="0" fill="#0369a1">Evaporation ↑</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="badge-1" transform="translate(245, 20)">
        <rect class="label-badge" x="-4" y="-16" width="118" height="24" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text class="stage-label" x="55" y="0" fill="#0369a1">Condensation ☁</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="badge-2" transform="translate(390, 110)">
        <rect class="label-badge" x="-4" y="-16" width="112" height="24" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text class="stage-label" x="52" y="0" fill="#0369a1">Precipitation 🌧</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="badge-3" transform="translate(235, 325)">
        <rect class="label-badge" x="-4" y="-16" width="94" height="24" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#bae6fd" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text class="stage-label" x="43" y="0" fill="#0369a1">Runoff ➔</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="btn-step active" data-step="0">1. Evaporation</button>
    <button class="btn-step" data-step="1">2. Condensation</button>
    <button class="btn-step" data-step="2">3. Precipitation</button>
    <button class="btn-step" data-step="3">4. Runoff</button>
    <button id="playBtn" class="btn-play" aria-label="Toggle loop">⏸ Pause</button>
  </div>

  <script>
    const steps = [
      { id: 0, badge: '#badge-0', group: '#evapGroup' },
      { id: 1, badge: '#badge-1', group: '#condGroup' },
      { id: 2, badge: '#badge-2', group: '#precipGroup' },
      { id: 3, badge: '#badge-3', group: '#runoffGroup' }
    ];

    let currentStep = 0;
    let autoPlay = true;
    let timer = null;

    const stepButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.btn-step');
    const playBtn = document.getElementById('playBtn');

    function highlightStep(idx) {
      currentStep = idx;

      // Update button styles
      stepButtons.forEach((btn, i) => {
        btn.classList.toggle('active', i === idx);
      });

      // Update diagram badges and visual highlights
      steps.forEach((s, i) => {
        const badge = document.querySelector(s.badge);
        const rect = badge.querySelector('rect');
        const text = badge.querySelector('text');

        if (i === idx) {
          rect.setAttribute('fill', '#0284c7');
          rect.setAttribute('stroke', '#0369a1');
          text.setAttribute('fill', '#ffffff');
          badge.classList.add('active-glow');
        } else {
          rect.setAttribute('fill', '#ffffff');
          rect.setAttribute('stroke', '#bae6fd');
          text.setAttribute('fill', '#0369a1');
          badge.classList.remove('active-glow');
        }
      });
    }

    function nextStep() {
      currentStep = (currentStep + 1) % steps.length;
      highlightStep(currentStep);
    }

    function startCycle() {
      if (timer) clearInterval(timer);
      timer = setInterval(nextStep, 3200);
      autoPlay = true;
      playBtn.textContent = '⏸ Pause';
    }

    function pauseCycle() {
      if (timer) clearInterval(timer);
      timer = null;
      autoPlay = false;
      playBtn.textContent = '▶ Play';
    }

    // Step button click handlers
    stepButtons.forEach((btn) => {
      btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
        const stepIndex = parseInt(btn.getAttribute('data-step'), 10);
        highlightStep(stepIndex);
        pauseCycle();
      });
    });

    // Play/Pause button handler
    playBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
      if (autoPlay) {
        pauseCycle();
      } else {
        nextStep();
        startCycle();
      }
    });

    // GSAP particle motion loops for rich continuous physics
    if (typeof gsap !== 'undefined') {
      // 1. Evaporation rising particles
      gsap.to('.p-evap', {
        y: -140,
        x: 80,
        opacity: 0,
        duration: 2.4,
        stagger: 0.7,
        repeat: -1,
        ease: 'power1.out'
      });

      // 2. Condensation pulse
      gsap.to('#cloudsGroup ellipse', {
        scale: 1.04,
        transformOrigin: 'center center',
        duration: 2.2,
        yoyo: true,
        repeat: -1,
        ease: 'sine.inOut',
        stagger: 0.15
      });

      // 3. Runoff flow along river
      gsap.to('.p-run', {
        x: -90,
        y: 65,
        duration: 2,
        stagger: 0.6,
        repeat: -1,
        ease: 'none'
      });
    }

    // Initialize Step 1
    highlightStep(0);
    startCycle();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Using Models to Represent Systems and Processes

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
      min-height: 100%;
      user-select: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
      padding: 8px;
    }

    .hint {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .flow-badge {
      background: #e2e8f0;
      color: #334155;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 12px;
      font-size: 11px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    }

    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 640px;
      aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
      position: relative;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    .node {
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
    }

    .node rect {
      transition: fill 0.2s ease, stroke 0.2s ease, stroke-width 0.2s ease, filter 0.2s ease;
    }

    .node.dimmed {
      opacity: 0.25;
    }

    .node.active rect {
      stroke: #2563eb;
      stroke-width: 2.5px;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 4px 10px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.25));
    }

    .edge {
      fill: none;
      stroke: #cbd5e1;
      stroke-width: 2.5px;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      transition: stroke 0.25s ease, stroke-width 0.25s ease, opacity 0.25s ease;
    }

    .edge.dimmed {
      opacity: 0.15;
    }

    .edge.active {
      stroke: #eab308;
      stroke-width: 3.5px;
      stroke-dasharray: 6 4;
      animation: dash 1s linear infinite;
    }

    .edge.active.outgoing {
      stroke: #f97316;
    }

    .edge.active.incoming {
      stroke: #10b981;
    }

    @keyframes dash {
      to { stroke-dashoffset: -20; }
    }

    .marker-default { fill: #94a3b8; }
    .marker-active { fill: #eab308; }
    .marker-incoming { fill: #10b981; }
    .marker-outgoing { fill: #f97316; }

    .node-title {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #1e2945;
      pointer-events: none;
    }

    .node-role {
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      pointer-events: none;
    }

    .emoji-icon {
      font-size: 24px;
      pointer-events: none;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="hint">
    <span>Tap organism to trace energy flow</span>
    <span id="stateBadge" class="flow-badge">All Paths</span>
  </div>

  <div class="svg-container">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 580 400" id="webSvg">
      <defs>
        <marker id="arrow-default" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="7" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" class="marker-default"/>
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrow-active" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="7" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" class="marker-active"/>
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrow-incoming" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="7" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" class="marker-incoming"/>
        </marker>
        <marker id="arrow-outgoing" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="7" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 0 1.5 L 8 5 L 0 8.5 z" class="marker-outgoing"/>
        </marker>
      </defs>

      
      
      <path id="edge-sun-grass" class="edge" d="M 95 105 C 115 150, 130 170, 160 185" marker-end="url(#arrow-default)" />
      
      
      <path id="edge-grass-rabbit" class="edge" d="M 230 180 C 265 160, 280 135, 310 120" marker-end="url(#arrow-default)" />
      
      
      <path id="edge-grass-hopper" class="edge" d="M 230 220 C 265 240, 280 265, 310 280" marker-end="url(#arrow-default)" />
      
      
      <path id="edge-rabbit-fox" class="edge" d="M 390 105 L 460 105" marker-end="url(#arrow-default)" />
      
      
      <path id="edge-rabbit-owl" class="edge" d="M 390 125 C 415 155, 435 230, 460 265" marker-end="url(#arrow-default)" />
      
      
      <path id="edge-hopper-owl" class="edge" d="M 390 285 L 460 285" marker-end="url(#arrow-default)" />

      
      <g style="pointer-events: none;">
        <circle cx="128" cy="148" r="9" fill="#fef9c3" stroke="#facc15" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="128" y="152" font-size="11" text-anchor="middle">⚡</text>

        <circle cx="270" cy="148" r="9" fill="#fef9c3" stroke="#facc15" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="270" y="152" font-size="11" text-anchor="middle">⚡</text>

        <circle cx="270" cy="252" r="9" fill="#fef9c3" stroke="#facc15" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="270" y="256" font-size="11" text-anchor="middle">⚡</text>
      </g>

      

      
      <g id="node-sun" class="node" transform="translate(25, 45)" data-id="sun">
        <rect width="85" height="75" rx="14" fill="#fefce8" stroke="#fde047" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="42" y="32" class="emoji-icon" text-anchor="middle">☀️</text>
        <text x="42" y="50" class="node-title" text-anchor="middle">Sun</text>
        <text x="42" y="64" class="node-role" fill="#ca8a04" text-anchor="middle">Energy</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-grass" class="node" transform="translate(150, 160)" data-id="grass">
        <rect width="90" height="80" rx="14" fill="#f0fdf4" stroke="#86efac" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="45" y="34" class="emoji-icon" text-anchor="middle">🌱</text>
        <text x="45" y="53" class="node-title" text-anchor="middle">Grass</text>
        <text x="45" y="68" class="node-role" fill="#16a34a" text-anchor="middle">Producer</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-rabbit" class="node" transform="translate(305, 65)" data-id="rabbit">
        <rect width="90" height="80" rx="14" fill="#eff6ff" stroke="#93c5fd" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="45" y="34" class="emoji-icon" text-anchor="middle">🐇</text>
        <text x="45" y="53" class="node-title" text-anchor="middle">Rabbit</text>
        <text x="45" y="68" class="node-role" fill="#2563eb" text-anchor="middle">Herbivore</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-hopper" class="node" transform="translate(305, 245)" data-id="hopper">
        <rect width="90" height="80" rx="14" fill="#eff6ff" stroke="#93c5fd" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="45" y="34" class="emoji-icon" text-anchor="middle">🦗</text>
        <text x="45" y="53" class="node-title" text-anchor="middle">Insect</text>
        <text x="45" y="68" class="node-role" fill="#2563eb" text-anchor="middle">Herbivore</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-fox" class="node" transform="translate(455, 65)" data-id="fox">
        <rect width="90" height="80" rx="14" fill="#fff7ed" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="45" y="34" class="emoji-icon" text-anchor="middle">🦊</text>
        <text x="45" y="53" class="node-title" text-anchor="middle">Fox</text>
        <text x="45" y="68" class="node-role" fill="#ea580c" text-anchor="middle">Predator</text>
      </g>

      
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          <div class="cycle-icons">
            <span>☀️</span><span>🌧️</span>
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</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="tab-btn active" id="btnDown" onclick="showMode('down')">
      <span>🌏</span> Scaled Down
    </button>
    <button class="tab-btn" id="btnUp" onclick="showMode('up')">
      <span>🔬</span> Scaled Up
    </button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="viewport panel active" id="panelDown">
    <div class="badge-bar">
      <span class="type-badge down">Scaled Down Model</span>
      <span class="scale-factor">÷ 42,000,000</span>
    </div>

    <div class="stage">
      
      <div class="entity-box">
        <div class="graphic-slot">
          
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        <div class="label-title">Real Earth</div>
        <div class="label-size">12,742 km wide</div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="arrow-box">
        <div class="arrow-icon">→</div>
        <div class="arrow-text">Shrunk to fit</div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="entity-box">
        <div class="graphic-slot">
          
          <svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" aria-label="Desk Globe illustration">
            
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        </div>
        <div class="label-title">Desk Globe</div>
        <div class="label-size">30 cm model</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="footer-bar">
      <span>✋</span> Makes huge systems observable in a classroom
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="viewport panel" id="panelUp">
    <div class="badge-bar">
      <span class="type-badge up">Scaled Up Model</span>
      <span class="scale-factor">× 4,000</span>
    </div>

    <div class="stage">
      
      <div class="entity-box">
        <div class="graphic-slot">
          
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            <text x="50" y="80" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" font-weight="700" fill="#94a3b8">(Invisible to eye)</text>
          </svg>
        </div>
        <div class="label-title">Real Plant Cell</div>
        <div class="label-size">0.05 mm wide</div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="arrow-box">
        <div class="arrow-icon">→</div>
        <div class="arrow-text">Enlarged to see</div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="entity-box">
        <div class="graphic-slot">
          
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            <circle cx="36" cy="42" r="10" fill="#c084fc" stroke="#7e22ce" stroke-width="1.5"/>
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        </div>
        <div class="label-title">Cell Model</div>
        <div class="label-size">20 cm model</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="footer-bar">
      <span>🔍</span> Reveals microscopic structures in detail
    </div>
  </div>

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        btnDown.classList.remove('active');
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Evaluating Credible Science Information Sources

Scientific Questioning, Hypotheses, and Problem Definition

Naturalne i sztuczne źródła światła

Źródła światła a ciała oświetlone

Pojęcie promienia świetlnego i wiązki światła

Prostoliniowe rozchodzenie się światła w ośrodku jednorodnym

Doświadczenie: Badanie prostoliniowości światła za pomocą przesłon z otworkami

Ośrodki przezroczyste, półprzezroczyste i nieprzezroczyste

Prędkość światła w próżni i innych ośrodkach

Porównanie prędkości światła i prędkości dźwięku w zjawiskach przyrodniczych

Rok świetlny jako jednostka odległości w kosmosie

Źródła światła i prędkość jego rozchodzenia się

What Is a Life Cycle?

The Life Cycle of a Frog

The Life Cycle of a Butterfly

The Life Cycle of a Bird

The Life Cycle of a Mammal

Comparing How Different Animals Grow and Change

The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant

How Seeds Grow Into Plants

Comparing Plant and Animal Life Cycles

Drawing Diagrams to Show Life Cycles

Life Cycles of Plants and Animals

Zastosowania laserów w medycynie i chirurgii

Lasery w przemyśle i telekomunikacji — cięcie oraz światłowody

Czytniki kodów, skanery i dalmierze laserowe

Zasady bezpieczeństwa podczas pracy ze źródłami lasera

Analiza doświadczenia: porównanie pryzmatu ze światłem żarówki i lasera

Podsumowanie właściwości i zastosowań światła laserowego

Zastosowania laserów, bezpieczeństwo i analiza zjawisk optycznych

What Is a Fossil?

Living Things Trapped in Sediment

How Soft Tissues Decay and Hard Parts Remain

Mineral Replacement and Petrification

Mould and Cast Fossils

Amber and Trace Fossils: Preserving Prehistoric Life

Mary Anning and the Discovery of Fossils

What Fossils Tell Us About Ancient Environments

How Fossils Form in Sedimentary Rock

Factores bióticos y abióticos del ecosistema

Tipos de ecosistemas: Terrestres y acuáticos

Productores, consumidores y descomponedores

Cadenas y redes alimentarias

Pirámides de energía y flujo energético

Relaciones entre especies: Simbiosis, competencia y depredación

Equilibrio ecológico y cambios en las poblaciones

Impacto humano en los ecosistemas

Estrategias de conservación y protección de la biodiversidad

Ecosistemas, cadenas tróficas y flujo de energía

Types of Engineering Models: Physical, Digital, and Mathematical

Using Models to Explain Space Phenomena

Advantages and Limitations of Scientific Models

Designing a Prototype to Solve a Problem

Building Physical Models to Represent Phenomena

Scientific Models and Their Limitations

Odczyt i interpretacja diagramów widma fal elektromagnetycznych

Obliczenia długości fali dla stacji radiowych i sieci komórkowych

Przenikanie fal elektromagnetycznych przez różne materiały

Okna przezroczystości atmosfery dla fal elektromagnetycznych

Analiza złożonych tabel parametrów fal elektromagnetycznych

Zagadnienia rachunkowe ze skali częstotliwości i jednostek prefiksowych (kHz, MHz, GHz, THz)

Podsumowanie struktury i właściwości widma elektromagnetycznego

Właściwości, przenikanie i analiza widma elektromagnetycznego

Using Digital Models and Simulations to Test Ideas

Evaluating Model Size, Scale, Properties, and Materials

Building and Evaluating Scientific Models

Fale radiowe — wytwarzanie oraz transmisja radiowa i telewizyjna

Fale długie, średnie i krótkie oraz rola jonosfery

Mikrofale w łączności bezprzewodowej — Wi-Fi, Bluetooth i telefonia komórkowa

Zasada działania kuchenki mikrofalowej — rezonans cząsteczek wody

Radary i nawigacja satelitarna GPS — wykorzystanie mikrofal

Fale radiowe i mikrofale w technologii i łączności

¿Qué es la materia?: Masa y volumen

Propiedades físicas de la materia: Textura, dureza y elasticidad

Densidad y flotabilidad

Los estados de la materia: Sólido, líquido y gas

Cambios de estado por efecto de la temperatura

Cambios físicos versus cambios químicos

Evidencias de reacciones químicas

La conservación de la materia

Mezclas homogéneas y heterogéneas

Métodos de separación de mezclas

La materia: Propiedades, estados y transformaciones

Zjawisko odbicia światła na granicy ośrodków

Pojęcia promienia padającego, odbitego i normalnej powierzchni

Kąt padania i kąt odbicia — definicje i pomiar

Sformułowanie prawa odbicia światła

Doświadczenie: Weryfikacja prawa odbicia za pomocą tarczy optycznej

Odbicie zwierciadlane (kierunkowe) od powierzchni gładkich

Odbicie rozproszone (dyfuzyjne) od powierzchni chropowatych

Obowiązywanie prawa odbicia w mikrostrukturze powierzchni chropowatej

Znaczenie rozproszenia światła dla widzenia przedmiotów nieświecących

Porównanie odbicia zwierciadlanego i rozproszonego — przykłady z życia

Prawo odbicia światła: odbicie zwierciadlane i rozproszone

Evaluating Scale, Materials, and Limitations of Models

Exploring Phenomena with Digital Simulations

Building and Testing Physical Prototypes

Improving and Refining a Design Based on Test Results

Scientific Modeling, Prototypes, and Engineering Design

Identifying Sources of Error in Investigations

Spotting Important Features and Patterns in Science Data

Using Math to Compare and Find Relationships in Science Data

Collecting Data From Design Tests

Identifying the Best Features From Multiple Solutions

Analyzing Data and Evaluating Designs

¿Qué es una fuerza?: Empujar y jalar

Fuerzas de contacto y fuerzas a distancia

La fuerza de gravedad y el peso

La fricción y el rozamiento

Posición, dirección y rapidez del movimiento

Fuerzas equilibradas y no equilibradas

Máquinas simples: La palanca y el plano inclinado

Máquinas simples: Poleas, ruedas y ejes

Máquinas compuestas en la vida diaria

Fuerzas, movimiento y máquinas simples

Describing Properties of Matter

Measuring Mass and Volume of Objects

Physical Changes in Everyday Materials

What Is a Force and How It Affects Motion

Pushes, Pulls, and Changing Speed

How Gravity Pulls Objects Down

Forms of Energy Around Us

Matter, Forces, and Energy

Promieniowanie podczerwone jako promieniowanie cieplne

Termowizja i kamery IR w budownictwie oraz medycynie

Piloty zdalnego sterowania i czujniki ruchu na podczerwień

Doświadczenie: wykrywanie podczerwieni za pomocą aparatu smartfona

Astronomia w podczerwieni — obserwacje kosmosu przez pył międzygwiezdny

Obliczenia czasu dotarcia sygnału radiowego od satelity do Ziemi

Porównanie właściwości fal radiowych, mikrofal i podczerwieni — tabela syntetyczna

Podsumowanie zastosowań fal radiowych, mikrofal i podczerwieni

Promieniowanie podczerwone i przegląd pasm fal

What Solids Look and Feel Like

What Liquids Look and Feel Like

Sorting Solids and Liquids

What Happens When We Heat a Solid?

What Happens When We Cool a Liquid?

Recording State Changes in a Data Table

Using Particle Models to Explain State Changes

Investigating State Changes with Particle Models

Does More Heat Make Things Melt Faster?

Predicting What Happens When We Add or Remove Heat

Heating and Cooling in Everyday Life

Solids, Liquids and State Changes

Obliczanie kątów odbicia i kąta odchylenia promienia

Odbicie światła od układu dwóch zwierciadeł prostopadłych

Zasada działania świateł odblaskowych i retroreflektorów

Peryskop — budowa i bieg promieni w układzie zwierciadeł płaskich

Podsumowanie i trening zadań z prawa odbicia światła

Układy zwierciadeł płaskich i zastosowania prawa odbicia

Formas de energía: Cinética, potencial y térmica

Transformación y conservación de la energía

Calor, temperatura y transferencia térmica

La luz: Fuentes naturales y artificiales

Reflexión y refracción de la luz

El sonido: Vibraciones y propagación en ondas

Tono, volumen y eco del sonido

Magnetismo: Polos y campos magnéticos

Electricidad estática y corriente eléctrica

Circuitos eléctricos simples: Componentes y conductores

Energía, luz, sonido y electricidad

Bieg promieni wychodzących z punktu świetlnego do zwierciadła płaskiego

Przedłużenia promieni odbitych i pojęcie obrazu pozornego

Konstrukcja obrazu punktu świetlnego w zwierciadle płaskim

Symetria zwierciadlana: położenie przedmiotu i obrazu

Konstrukcja obrazu przedmiotu rozciągłego w zwierciadle płaskim

Cechy obrazu wytworzonego przez zwierciadło płaskie

Pozorne odwracanie stron (prawo-lewo) w zwierciadle płaskim

Napis na karetkach pogotowia jako zastosowanie symetrii zwierciadlanej

Doświadczenie: Wyznaczanie położenia obrazu za pomocą półprzepuszczalnej szyby

OGS.4.SEP.5

Aligned learning resources

Related diagrams