<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <script src="{{VENDOR_CDN}}/classace-diagram.js"></script>
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #0f172a;
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      padding: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    /* Top Controls */
    .nav-bar {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
      gap: 8px;
    }
    .badge-title {
      background: #d1fae5;
      color: #065f46;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      border-radius: 999px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
    }
    .step-tabs {
      display: flex;
      gap: 6px;
    }
    .step-tab {
      background: #e2e8f0;
      color: #475569;
      border: none;
      border-radius: 6px;
      width: 28px;
      height: 28px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      transition: background 0.3s, color 0.3s;
    }
    .step-tab.active {
      background: #059669;
      color: #ffffff;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(5, 150, 105, 0.35);
    }
    .play-btn {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #334155;
      cursor: pointer;
    }

    /* Main Visual Display Stage */
    .stage-canvas {
      position: relative;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
      height: 180px;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      overflow: hidden;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: flex-end;
    }
    .sky {
      position: absolute;
      top: 0;
      left: 0;
      right: 0;
      height: 120px;
      background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ecfdf5 0%, #ffffff 100%);
      transition: background 0.5s;
    }
    .ground {
      position: relative;
      height: 48px;
      background: #78350f;
      border-top: 6px solid #10b981;
      transition: border-color 0.5s, background 0.5s;
      z-index: 2;
    }
    .ground-cover {
      position: absolute;
      top: -24px;
      width: 100%;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-around;
      font-size: 16px;
      opacity: 0.2;
      transition: opacity 0.5s;
      z-index: 3;
    }

    /* Scene Layers */
    .scene {
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: flex-end;
      justify-content: space-around;
      padding: 0 16px 42px;
      opacity: 0;
      transform: translateY(8px);
      transition: opacity 0.4s ease, transform 0.4s ease;
      pointer-events: none;
      z-index: 4;
    }
    .scene.active {
      opacity: 1;
      transform: translateY(0);
      pointer-events: auto;
    }

    .tree-icon {
      font-size: 42px;
      filter: drop-shadow(0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
    }
    .small-tree { font-size: 26px; }
    .giant-tree { font-size: 56px; }

    /* Animated Animals & Seed drops */
    .seed-drop {
      animation: dropSeed 1.8s infinite ease-in;
    }
    @keyframes dropSeed {
      0% { transform: translateY(-24px); opacity: 0; }
      40% { opacity: 1; }
      90% { transform: translateY(22px); opacity: 1; }
      100% { transform: translateY(24px); opacity: 0; }
    }
    .flyer {
      animation: hoverFly 2.2s infinite ease-in-out alternate;
    }
    @keyframes hoverFly {
      0% { transform: translateY(-4px); }
      100% { transform: translateY(6px); }
    }

    /* Step Cards Flow */
    .cards-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 6px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
    }
    .step-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 6px;
      text-align: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: border-color 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s, background 0.3s;
      position: relative;
    }
    .step-card.active {
      border-color: #059669;
      background: #ecfdf5;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #059669;
    }
    .step-num {
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 800;
      color: #059669;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
    }
    .step-label {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e293b;
      line-height: 1.25;
    }
    .step-arrow {
      position: absolute;
      right: -7px;
      top: 50%;
      transform: translateY(-50%);
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      z-index: 5;
      pointer-events: none;
    }
    .step-card:last-child .step-arrow {
      display: none;
    }

    @media (max-width: 420px) {
      .cards-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 6px;
      }
      .step-arrow { display: none; }
      .stage-canvas { height: 160px; }
      .tree-icon { font-size: 34px; }
      .giant-tree { font-size: 46px; }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="nav-bar">
    <div class="badge-title">🌱 Framework Species</div>
    <div class="step-tabs">
      <button class="step-tab active" data-idx="0">1</button>
      <button class="step-tab" data-idx="1">2</button>
      <button class="step-tab" data-idx="2">3</button>
      <button class="step-tab" data-idx="3">4</button>
    </div>
    <button class="play-btn" id="playBtn">⏸</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="stage-canvas">
    <div class="sky" id="skyBg"></div>
    <div class="ground-cover" id="groundWeeds">🌾 🌿 🌾 🌿 🌾</div>

    
    <div class="scene active" id="scene0">
      <div class="small-tree">🌱</div>
      <div class="small-tree">🪴</div>
      <div class="small-tree">🌱</div>
      <div class="small-tree">🪴</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="scene" id="scene1">
      <div class="tree-icon">🌳</div>
      <div class="tree-icon">🌲</div>
      <div class="tree-icon">🌳</div>
      <div class="tree-icon">🌲</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="scene" id="scene2">
      <div style="text-align:center">
        <div class="flyer">🦜</div>
        <div class="seed-drop">🌰</div>
        <div class="tree-icon">🌳</div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align:center">
        <div class="flyer">🦇</div>
        <div class="seed-drop">🌰</div>
        <div class="tree-icon">🌲</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="scene" id="scene3">
      <div class="giant-tree">🌴</div>
      <div class="tree-icon">🌺</div>
      <div class="giant-tree">🌳</div>
      <div class="tree-icon">🍄</div>
      <div class="giant-tree">🌲</div>
    </div>

    <div class="ground" id="groundBar"></div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="cards-grid">
    <div class="step-card active" data-idx="0">
      <div class="step-num">Step 1</div>
      <div class="step-label">Plant 20-30<br>Framework Trees</div>
      <div class="step-arrow">→</div>
    </div>

    <div class="step-card" data-idx="1">
      <div class="step-num">Step 2</div>
      <div class="step-label">Rapid Canopy<br>Closure (Yr 2-3)</div>
      <div class="step-arrow">→</div>
    </div>

    <div class="step-card" data-idx="2">
      <div class="step-num">Step 3</div>
      <div class="step-label">Wildlife<br>Recruits Seeds</div>
      <div class="step-arrow">→</div>
    </div>

    <div class="step-card" data-idx="3">
      <div class="step-num">Step 4</div>
      <div class="step-label">Accelerated<br>Succession</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const tabs = $$('.step-tab');
    const cards = $$('.step-card');
    const scenes = [$('#scene0'), $('#scene1'), $('#scene2'), $('#scene3')];
    const groundWeeds = $('#groundWeeds');
    const playBtn = $('#playBtn');

    function updateVisualStage(idx) {
      tabs.forEach((t, i) => t.classList.toggle('active', i === idx));
      cards.forEach((c, i) => c.classList.toggle('active', i === idx));
      scenes.forEach((s, i) => s.classList.toggle('active', i === idx));

      // Visual adjustments per stage
      if (idx === 0) {
        groundWeeds.style.opacity = '0.9'; // weeds dominate
      } else if (idx === 1) {
        groundWeeds.style.opacity = '0.1'; // weeds starved of light
      } else if (idx === 2) {
        groundWeeds.style.opacity = '0.0'; // weeds suppressed
      } else {
        groundWeeds.style.opacity = '0.0'; // rich forest floor
      }
    }

    const player = new StepPlayer(cards, {
      interval: 3200,
      onChange: (idx) => updateVisualStage(idx)
    });

    player.start();

    // Wire tab & card taps
    tabs.forEach((tab, i) => onTap(tab, () => player.goTo(i)));
    cards.forEach((card, i) => onTap(card, () => player.goTo(i)));

    // Play/Pause toggle
    onTap(playBtn, () => {
      player.toggle();
      playBtn.textContent = player.playing ? '⏸' : '▶';
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Tropical Rainforest and Mangrove Wetland Restoration

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: transparent;
      color: #0f172a;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
      width: 100%;
      min-height: 100vh;
      padding: 4px;
    }
    .diagram-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 640px;
      margin: 0 auto;
    }
    .diagram-svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      display: block;
    }
    .flow-arrow {
      stroke-dasharray: 8 6;
      animation: flow 3.6s linear infinite;
    }
    .floating-seed {
      animation: drift 4.2s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
    }
    .pulse-danger {
      animation: pulse 3.8s ease-in-out infinite;
    }
    @keyframes flow {
      from { stroke-dashoffset: 28; }
      to { stroke-dashoffset: 0; }
    }
    @keyframes drift {
      0% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
      100% { transform: translate(8px, 2px); }
    }
    @keyframes pulse {
      0%, 100% { opacity: 0.95; }
      50% { opacity: 1; }
    }
    text {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      user-select: none;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="diagram-container">
    <svg class="diagram-svg" viewBox="0 0 640 440" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
      <defs>
        
        <linearGradient id="stagnantWater" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#94a3b8" stop-opacity="0.6"/>
          <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#64748b" stop-opacity="0.75"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#475569" stop-opacity="0.9"/>
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="freshTide" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0284c7" stop-opacity="0.7"/>
          <stop offset="60%" stop-color="#38bdf8" stop-opacity="0.55"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#bae6fd" stop-opacity="0.35"/>
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="soilMud" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#64748b"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#1e293b"/>
        </linearGradient>

        <linearGradient id="healthySoil" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#854d0e"/>
          <stop offset="40%" stop-color="#542407"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#291103"/>
        </linearGradient>

        
        <marker id="tide-arrow" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 1 2 L 7 5 L 1 8 z" fill="#0284c7"/>
        </marker>
        <marker id="flow-arrow-head" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="6" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse">
          <path d="M 1 2 L 7 5 L 1 8 z" fill="#38bdf8"/>
        </marker>
      </defs>

      
      <g id="top-panel">
        
        <rect x="0" y="0" width="640" height="210" fill="#f8fafc"/>
        <line x1="0" y1="210" x2="640" y2="210" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="1.5"/>

        
        <rect x="12" y="10" width="180" height="24" rx="4" fill="#fee2e2" stroke="#ef4444" stroke-width="1"/>
        <text x="102" y="26" fill="#991b1b" font-size="12" font-weight="800" text-anchor="middle">Failed Direct Planting</text>

        
        <line x1="0" y1="105" x2="640" y2="105" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="5 3"/>
        <rect x="460" y="93" width="168" height="22" rx="4" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#475569" stroke-width="1.2"/>
        <text x="544" y="108" fill="#0f172a" font-size="11" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Mean Sea Level (MSL)</text>

        
        <polygon points="0,110 80,110 105,190 0,190" fill="#475569"/>
        <polygon points="535,110 640,110 640,190 510,190" fill="#475569"/>

        
        <rect x="10" y="135" width="66" height="20" rx="3" fill="#0f172a"/>
        <text x="43" y="149" fill="#ffffff" font-size="10.5" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">High Dike</text>

        <rect x="560" y="135" width="66" height="20" rx="3" fill="#0f172a"/>
        <text x="593" y="149" fill="#ffffff" font-size="10.5" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">High Dike</text>

        
        <polygon points="105,190 510,190 640,210 0,210" fill="url(#soilMud)"/>

        
        <rect x="80" y="125" width="455" height="65" fill="url(#stagnantWater)"/>
        <line x1="80" y1="125" x2="535" y2="125" stroke="#475569" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 2"/>

        
        <rect x="120" y="132" width="130" height="22" rx="4" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#475569" stroke-width="1.2"/>
        <text x="185" y="147" fill="#0f172a" font-size="11" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Stagnant Water</text>

        
        <g transform="translate(290, 138)">
          
          <path d="M 10 52 Q 14 25 10 0" stroke="#78350f" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
          <path d="M 10 0 Q 20 -8 24 -4" stroke="#78350f" stroke-width="2" fill="none"/>
          <ellipse cx="26" cy="-2" rx="5" ry="2" fill="#a16207" transform="rotate(25 26 -2)"/>
          <ellipse cx="6" cy="14" rx="4" ry="2" fill="#78350f" transform="rotate(-30 6 14)"/>
          
          <path d="M 10 52 Q 0 64 -6 70 M 10 52 Q 14 64 18 72 M 10 52 Q 8 66 8 74" stroke="#1c1917" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>
          <circle cx="10" cy="58" r="5" fill="#450a0a" opacity="0.8"/>
        </g>

        
        <g transform="translate(420, 134)">
          
          <path d="M 10 56 Q 6 28 12 4" stroke="#78350f" stroke-width="3" fill="none"/>
          <path d="M 12 4 Q 2 -2 -3 4" stroke="#78350f" stroke-width="2" fill="none"/>
          <ellipse cx="-3" cy="4" rx="5" ry="2" fill="#78350f" transform="rotate(-15 -3 4)"/>
          
          <path d="M 10 56 Q 2 68 -2 74 M 10 56 Q 18 68 22 75" stroke="#1c1917" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>
          <circle cx="10" cy="62" r="5" fill="#450a0a" opacity="0.8"/>
        </g>

        
        <g class="pulse-danger" transform="translate(245, 172)">
          <rect x="0" y="0" width="168" height="24" rx="4" fill="#991b1b" stroke="#7f1d1d" stroke-width="1"/>
          <text x="84" y="16" fill="#ffffff" font-size="11" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Hypoxia &amp; Hypersalinity</text>
        </g>
      </g>

      
      <g id="bottom-panel" transform="translate(0, 220)">
        
        <rect x="0" y="0" width="640" height="220" fill="#f0fdf4"/>

        
        <rect x="12" y="10" width="220" height="24" rx="4" fill="#dcfce7" stroke="#16a34a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
        <text x="122" y="26" fill="#14532d" font-size="12" font-weight="800" text-anchor="middle">Ecological Restoration (EMR)</text>

        
        <polygon points="0,70 48,70 62,160 0,160" fill="#475569"/>
        <rect x="6" y="94" width="52" height="30" rx="3" fill="#0f172a"/>
        <text x="32" y="107" fill="#ffffff" font-size="10" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Breached</text>
        <text x="32" y="119" fill="#ffffff" font-size="10" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Dike</text>

        
        <path d="M 48,160 Q 105,160 155,105 Q 255,95 475,90 L 640,85 L 640,220 L 0,220 L 0,160 Z" fill="url(#healthySoil)"/>

        
        <path d="M 0,82 Q 75,82 135,100 Q 225,92 375,88 L 375,98 Q 225,102 135,115 Q 65,155 0,155 Z" fill="url(#freshTide)"/>

        
        <line x1="0" y1="82" x2="640" y2="82" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="5 3"/>

        
        <g transform="translate(480, 10)">
          <rect x="0" y="0" width="148" height="24" rx="4" fill="#0284c7" stroke="#0369a1" stroke-width="1"/>
          <text x="74" y="16" fill="#ffffff" font-size="11" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">MHWS Zone (Target)</text>
        </g>

        
        <g>
          <path class="flow-arrow" d="M 15,125 Q 65,125 115,108" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="3" marker-end="url(#flow-arrow-head)"/>
          <path class="flow-arrow" d="M 75,105 Q 155,98 235,93" fill="none" stroke="#38bdf8" stroke-width="3" marker-end="url(#flow-arrow-head)"/>
          
          <rect x="85" y="56" width="108" height="20" rx="3" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.2"/>
          <text x="139" y="70" fill="#0369a1" font-size="11" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Tidal Flushing</text>
        </g>

        
        <g class="floating-seed" transform="translate(145, 108)">
          
          <path d="M 0 0 C 8 -3, 20 -2, 28 4 C 18 5, 8 3, 0 0" fill="#15803d"/>
          <circle cx="28" cy="4" r="2.5" fill="#86efac"/>
        </g>

        <g class="floating-seed" transform="translate(90, 116)">
          
          <ellipse cx="0" cy="0" rx="6" ry="4" fill="#16a34a"/>
          <path d="M 4 0 L 8 2" stroke="#86efac" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        </g>

        <g transform="translate(125, 128)">
          <rect x="0" y="0" width="88" height="18" rx="3" fill="#14532d"/>
          <text x="44" y="13" fill="#ffffff" font-size="10" font-weight="700" text-anchor="middle">Propagules</text>
        </g>

        
        <g transform="translate(315, 92)">
          <path d="M 12 15 Q 5 25 -4 30 M 12 15 Q 12 25 10 32 M 12 15 Q 20 25 28 32" stroke="#a16207" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>
          <path d="M 12 15 L 12 -12" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="3"/>
          <circle cx="6" cy="-16" r="7" fill="#22c55e"/>
          <circle cx="18" cy="-16" r="7" fill="#16a34a"/>
          <circle cx="12" cy="-24" r="8" fill="#4ade80"/>
        </g>

        
        <g transform="translate(445, 88)">
          <path d="M 15 15 Q 2 28 -8 34 M 15 15 Q 14 26 12 35 M 15 15 Q 26 26 38 35 M 15 15 Q 20 22 24 35" stroke="#a16207" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>
          <path d="M 15 15 L 15 -18" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="3.5"/>
          <circle cx="7" cy="-20" r="9" fill="#16a34a"/>
          <circle cx="23" cy="-20" r="9" fill="#15803d"/>
          <circle cx="15" cy="-30" r="11" fill="#22c55e"/>
          <circle cx="15" cy="-15" r="8" fill="#4ade80"/>
        </g>

        
        <g transform="translate(565, 84)">
          <path d="M 10 15 Q 2 24 -3 30 M 10 15 Q 18 24 22 30" stroke="#a16207" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>
          <path d="M 10 15 L 10 -8" stroke="#15803d" stroke-width="2.5"/>
          <circle cx="5" cy="-12" r="6" fill="#22c55e"/>
          <circle cx="15" cy="-12" r="6" fill="#16a34a"/>
          <circle cx="10" cy="-18" r="7" fill="#4ade80"/>
        </g>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e293b;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    .flowchart {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 600px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
    }

    /* Decision Root */
    .root-node {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 16px;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 14px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      color: #0f172a;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    }

    /* Split connectors */
    .branch-selector {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
    }

    .path-btn {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 10px 8px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      text-align: center;
      gap: 4px;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .path-btn:hover {
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    }

    .path-btn.active-green {
      border-color: #16a34a;
      background: #f0fdf4;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.2);
    }

    .path-btn.active-blue {
      border-color: #0284c7;
      background: #f0f9ff;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.2);
    }

    .path-title {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .text-green { color: #15803d; }
    .text-blue { color: #0369a1; }

    .path-sub {
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #64748b;
      line-height: 1.2;
    }

    /* Step Sequence Container */
    .steps-container {
      width: 100%;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
      position: relative;
    }

    .step-card {
      border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 10px 12px;
      background: #ffffff;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 12px;
      opacity: 0.5;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
      cursor: pointer;
    }

    .step-card.active {
      opacity: 1;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    }

    .step-card.theme-green.active {
      border-color: #22c55e;
      background: #fafdfa;
    }

    .step-card.theme-blue.active {
      border-color: #38bdf8;
      background: #f8fcff;
    }

    .step-num {
      width: 24px;
      height: 24px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: #e2e8f0;
      color: #475569;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }

    .theme-green .active .step-num,
    .step-card.theme-green.active .step-num {
      background: #16a34a;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    .theme-blue .active .step-num,
    .step-card.theme-blue.active .step-num {
      background: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    .step-icon {
      font-size: 20px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }

    .step-text {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #1e293b;
      line-height: 1.3;
    }

    .step-arrow {
      text-align: center;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 12px;
      margin: -4px 0;
    }

    /* Interactive Stepper Navigation */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      width: 100%;
      margin-top: 4px;
      padding: 0 4px;
    }

    .dots {
      display: flex;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .dot {
      width: 8px;
      height: 8px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: #cbd5e1;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.2s;
    }

    .dot.active-green {
      background: #16a34a;
      transform: scale(1.2);
    }

    .dot.active-blue {
      background: #0284c7;
      transform: scale(1.2);
    }

    .nav-btn {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 4px 10px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #334155;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }

    .nav-btn:hover {
      background: #e2e8f0;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="flowchart">
    
    <div class="root-node">
      <span>🔍</span>
      <span>Assess Degraded Site</span>
    </div>

    
    <div class="branch-selector">
      <button class="path-btn active-green" id="btnGreen" onclick="selectPath('green')">
        <span class="path-title text-green">🌳 Upland Forest</span>
        <span class="path-sub">Weeds & low seed rain</span>
      </button>

      <button class="path-btn" id="btnBlue" onclick="selectPath('blue')">
        <span class="path-title text-blue">🌊 Coastal Wetland</span>
        <span class="path-sub">Altered hydrology / pond</span>
      </button>
    </div>

    
    <div class="steps-container" id="stepsContainer">
      
      <div class="step-card theme-green active" id="card0" onclick="goToStep(0)">
        <div class="step-num" id="num0">1</div>
        <div class="step-icon" id="icon0">🌱</div>
        <div class="step-text" id="text0">Framework Species Method<br><span style="font-weight:400;font-size:11px;color:#64748b;">Plant 20–30 fast-growing & frugivore-attracting trees</span></div>
      </div>

      <div class="step-arrow">↓</div>

      
      <div class="step-card theme-green" id="card1" onclick="goToStep(1)">
        <div class="step-num" id="num1">2</div>
        <div class="step-icon" id="icon1">🛡️</div>
        <div class="step-text" id="text1">Targeted Weed Suppression<br><span style="font-weight:400;font-size:11px;color:#64748b;">Mulch & clear aggressive competing grasses</span></div>
      </div>

      <div class="step-arrow">↓</div>

      
      <div class="step-card theme-green" id="card2" onclick="goToStep(2)">
        <div class="step-num" id="num2">3</div>
        <div class="step-icon" id="icon2">🐦</div>
        <div class="step-text" id="text2">Natural Biotic Recruitment<br><span style="font-weight:400;font-size:11px;color:#64748b;">Birds & bats disperse diverse canopy seeds</span></div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="controls">
      <button class="nav-btn" onclick="prevStep()">◀ Prev</button>
      <div class="dots">
        <div class="dot active-green" id="dot0" onclick="goToStep(0)"></div>
        <div class="dot" id="dot1" onclick="goToStep(1)"></div>
        <div class="dot" id="dot2" onclick="goToStep(2)"></div>
      </div>
      <button class="nav-btn" onclick="nextStep()">Next ▶</button>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const paths = {
      green: {
        theme: 'theme-green',
        dotClass: 'active-green',
        steps: [
          {
            icon: '🌱',
            title: 'Framework Tree Selection',
            desc: '20–30 pioneer & frugivore-attracting trees'
          },
          {
            icon: '🛡️',
            title: 'Weed Suppression',
            desc: 'Clear competing invasives & mulch base'
          },
          {
            icon: '🐦',
            title: 'Biotic Recruitment',
            desc: 'Wildlife disperses mature forest seeds'
          }
        ]
      },
      blue: {
        theme: 'theme-blue',
        dotClass: 'active-blue',
        steps: [
          {
            icon: '📏',
            title: 'Measure Tidal Hydroperiod',
            desc: 'Verify elevation relative to mean sea level'
          },
          {
            icon: '🚜',
            title: 'Breach Dikes & Regrade',
            desc: 'Restore natural tidal channels & soil levels'
          },
          {
            icon: '🌊',
            title: 'Passive Recolonization',
            desc: 'Tides carry natural mangrove propagules'
          }
        ]
      }
    };

    let currentPath = 'green';
    let currentStep = 0;

    function selectPath(pathKey) {
      currentPath = pathKey;
      currentStep = 0;

      // Update branch buttons
      const btnGreen = document.getElementById('btnGreen');
      const btnBlue = document.getElementById('btnBlue');

      if (pathKey === 'green') {
        btnGreen.className = 'path-btn active-green';
        btnBlue.className = 'path-btn';
      } else {
        btnGreen.className = 'path-btn';
        btnBlue.className = 'path-btn active-blue';
      }

      render();
    }

    function goToStep(index) {
      currentStep = index;
      render();
    }

    function nextStep() {
      currentStep = (currentStep + 1) % 3;
      render();
    }

    function prevStep() {
      currentStep = (currentStep - 1 + 3) % 3;
      render();
    }

    function render() {
      const data = paths[currentPath];

      for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        const card = document.getElementById(`card${i}`);
        const icon = document.getElementById(`icon${i}`);
        const text = document.getElementById(`text${i}`);
        const dot = document.getElementById(`dot${i}`);

        // Update content
        icon.textContent = data.steps[i].icon;
        text.innerHTML = `${data.steps[i].title}<br><span style="font-weight:400;font-size:11px;color:#64748b;">${data.steps[i].desc}</span>`;

        // Update card classes
        card.className = `step-card ${data.theme} ${i === currentStep ? 'active' : ''}`;

        // Update dots
        dot.className = `dot ${i === currentStep ? data.dotClass : ''}`;
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e293b;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
      min-height: 100%;
      user-select: none;
    }

    /* Top Controls / Tabs */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 8px;
    }
    .stage-btn {
      flex: 1;
      max-width: 140px;
      padding: 6px 4px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 6px;
      cursor: pointer;
      color: #64748b;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      text-align: center;
    }
    .stage-btn.active[data-stage="1"] {
      border-color: #ef4444;
      background: #fef2f2;
      color: #b91c1c;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.2);
    }
    .stage-btn.active[data-stage="2"] {
      border-color: #eab308;
      background: #fefce8;
      color: #854d0e;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(234, 179, 8, 0.2);
    }
    .stage-btn.active[data-stage="3"] {
      border-color: #10b981;
      background: #ecfdf5;
      color: #047857;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
    }

    /* Succession Grid */
    .stages-container {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      position: relative;
    }

    .stage-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 10px 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      text-align: center;
      position: relative;
      transition: border-color 0.25s ease, transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
      min-height: 200px;
    }
    .stage-card.dimmed {
      opacity: 0.45;
    }

    .stage-card.s1 { border-color: #fca5a5; }
    .stage-card.s2 { border-color: #fde047; }
    .stage-card.s3 { border-color: #6ee7b7; }

    .stage-card.selected.s1 { border-color: #ef4444; background: #fffdfd; }
    .stage-card.selected.s2 { border-color: #eab308; background: #fffefb; }
    .stage-card.selected.s3 { border-color: #10b981; background: #f9fefb; }

    .stage-title {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }
    .s1 .stage-title { color: #dc2626; }
    .s2 .stage-title { color: #ca8a04; }
    .s3 .stage-title { color: #059669; }

    /* Visual Graphic Box */
    .scene-box {
      width: 100%;
      height: 110px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border-radius: 6px;
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: flex-end;
      align-items: center;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }

    /* Sun & Sky indicators */
    .sky-indicator {
      position: absolute;
      top: 6px;
      font-size: 18px;
    }
    .s1 .scene-box { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffedd5 0%, #fed7aa 100%); }
    .s2 .scene-box { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fef9c3 0%, #e2e8f0 100%); }
    .s3 .scene-box { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #dcfce7 0%, #cbd5e1 100%); }

    /* Ground profile */
    .ground {
      width: 100%;
      height: 28px;
      position: relative;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #ffffff;
    }
    .s1 .ground { background: #b45309; } /* dry soil */
    .s2 .ground { background: #78350f; } /* cool soil */
    .s3 .ground { background: #451a03; } /* rich litter */

    .foliage {
      font-size: 26px;
      line-height: 1;
      margin-bottom: -2px;
      z-index: 2;
    }

    .tags {
      font-size: 11px;
      line-height: 1.3;
      color: #475569;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

    /* Arrow Connectors */
    .arrow-next {
      position: absolute;
      right: -10px;
      top: 45%;
      transform: translateY(-50%);
      z-index: 10;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      border-radius: 50%;
      width: 18px;
      height: 18px;
      font-size: 11px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      color: #64748b;
      font-weight: bold;
    }

    /* Ecological Barrier Block */
    .barrier-box {
      border: 2px solid #ef4444;
      background: #fef2f2;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 10px 12px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 12px;
      position: relative;
    }
    .barrier-icon {
      font-size: 24px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .barrier-content {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 2px;
    }
    .barrier-title {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #991b1b;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }
    .barrier-desc {
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #7f1d1d;
      line-height: 1.35;
    }
    .barrier-tag {
      display: inline-block;
      background: #ef4444;
      color: #fff;
      font-size: 10px;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    /* Responsive adjustments */
    @media (max-width: 480px) {
      .stages-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      }
      .arrow-next {
        right: auto;
        bottom: -10px;
        top: auto;
        left: 50%;
        transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(90deg);
      }
      .stage-card {
        min-height: auto;
      }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="stage-btn active" data-stage="all" onclick="setFilter('all')">Show All</button>
    <button class="stage-btn" data-stage="1" onclick="setFilter('1')">1. Pasture</button>
    <button class="stage-btn" data-stage="2" onclick="setFilter('2')">2. Pioneer</button>
    <button class="stage-btn" data-stage="3" onclick="setFilter('3')">3. Climax</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="stages-container">
    
    
    <div class="stage-card s1" id="card-1" onclick="setFilter('1')">
      <div class="stage-title">1. Pasture</div>
      <div class="scene-box">
        <div class="sky-indicator">☀️ 🏜️</div>
        <div class="foliage">🌾🌾</div>
        <div class="ground">Dry Soil</div>
      </div>
      <div class="tags">
        Invasive grasses<br>
        Direct hot sun
      </div>
      <div class="arrow-next">→</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="stage-card s2" id="card-2" onclick="setFilter('2')">
      <div class="stage-title">2. Pioneer</div>
      <div class="scene-box">
        <div class="sky-indicator">⛅ 🌿</div>
        <div class="foliage">🌱 🌳 🌱</div>
        <div class="ground">Cool Microclimate</div>
      </div>
      <div class="tags">
        Fast canopy<br>
        Shades out weeds
      </div>
      <div class="arrow-next">→</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="stage-card s3" id="card-3" onclick="setFilter('3')">
      <div class="stage-title">3. Climax</div>
      <div class="scene-box">
        <div class="sky-indicator">☁️ 🦜</div>
        <div class="foliage">🌴 🌲 🌳 🌿</div>
        <div class="ground">Rich Leaf Litter</div>
      </div>
      <div class="tags">
        Tall diverse canopy<br>
        Shaded understory
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>

  
  <div class="barrier-box">
    <div class="barrier-icon">🚫</div>
    <div class="barrier-content">
      <div class="barrier-title">
        <span>Seed Dispersal Barrier</span>
        <span class="barrier-tag">Succession Blocked</span>
      </div>
      <div class="barrier-desc">
        Frugivorous birds & bats avoid open pasture — halting natural seed arrival at Stage 1.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
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        document.getElementById('card-1'),
        document.getElementById('card-2'),
        document.getElementById('card-3')
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      cards.forEach((card, idx) => {
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          card.classList.remove('dimmed', 'selected');
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          card.classList.add('selected');
        } else {
          card.classList.add('dimmed');
          card.classList.remove('selected');
        }
      });
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Establishing Baseline Ecological Data for Conservation

Designing a Habitat Conservation Plan

Setting SMART Conservation Targets and Ecological Thresholds

Selecting Bioindicators and Keystone Indicators for Monitoring

Population Viability Analysis in Species Recovery Programmes

The Adaptive Management Cycle in Conservation Planning

science

Conservation Target Setting and Adaptive Management

Forest Biological Resources: Hardwoods, Softwoods, and Timber Properties

Sustainable Silviculture: Clear-Felling, Selective Logging, and Strip Cutting

Coppicing and Pollarding: Traditional Rotational Woodland Management

Non-Timber Forest Products: Resins, Gums, Tannins, and Cork

Plant Fibres in Industry: Cotton, Flax, Hemp, Jute, and Coir

Natural Fibres vs Synthetic Alternatives: Environmental Life-Cycle Footprints

Plant Oils for Food and Manufacturing: Palm, Rapeseed, Sunflower, and Linseed

Sustainable Palm Oil Certification and Habitat Conservation Trade-Offs

Forestry, Natural Fibres, and Agricultural Plant Resources

CITES Appendices and International Wildlife Trade Regulation

The Ramsar Convention and Wetland Conservation Designations

The Bonn and Bern Conventions for Migratory and European Wildlife

The UK Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Statutory Provisions

UK Protected Area Designations: SSSIs, SACs, and SPAs

Marine Conservation Zones and Statutory Marine Protection in the UK

International Conventions and UK Wildlife Legislation

Ecological Niches: Fundamental versus Realised Niches

Abiotic Tolerance Ranges and Shelford's Law of Tolerance

Morphological Adaptations to Extreme Thermal Regimes

Physiological Adaptations to Water Stress and Salinity

Behavioural Adaptations and Temporal Niche Partitioning

Specialist versus Generalist Species in Vulnerable Ecosystems

Endemic Species and Geographic Range Constraints

Microclimate and Microhabitat Heterogeneity

Species Adaptations, Ecological Niches, and Habitat Requirements

Biomass Fuels: Firewood, Charcoal, and Energy Crops

First-, Second-, and Third-Generation Biofuels: Bioethanol, Biodiesel, and Algae

Wild Crop Relatives and Novel Crop Species: Quinoa, Amaranth, and Teff

Underutilised Food Crops: Domestication Potential and Drought Resilience

Novel Animal Protein Sources: Edible Insects and Microalgae

Bioenergy, Resilient Crops, and Novel Food Sources

Keystone and Umbrella Species in Conservation Prioritisation

Flagship and Indicator Species in Public Policy and Monitoring

Evaluating Habitat Suitability Indices and Bioclimatic Envelopes

Minimum Viable Population and Minimum Dynamic Area

The SLOSS Debate and Island Biogeography Theory in Reserve Design

Edge Effects and Buffer Zone Management in Nature Reserves

Wildlife Corridors, Stepping Stones, and Permeable Landscapes

Ex-Situ Conservation Facilities and Reintroduction Protocols

Conservation Prioritisation, Reserve Design, and Landscape Connectivity

Monitoring Threat Mitigation and Invasive Species Eradication

Evaluating Protected Area Management Effectiveness

Long-Term Ecological Research Networks and Decadal Trends

Monitoring Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital Accounts

Community-Based and Indigenous Ecological Monitoring

Monitoring Ecological Trajectories in Rewilding and Restoration

Conservation Evidence and Cost-Effectiveness Appraisal

Evaluating Conservation Interventions and Ecosystem Recovery

Sustainable Timber Trade Regulations: FSC and ITTO Frameworks

Maximum Sustainable Yield and Fisheries Exploitation Quotas

IUCN Red List Criteria and Species Extinction Risk Assessment

Enforcement Challenges in Wildlife Protection Laws

Forensic Techniques and DNA Tracing in Wildlife Trade Control

Indigenous Rights and Customary Resource Use in Conservation Law

Evaluating the Effectiveness of International Conservation Protocols

Resource Exploitation, Wildlife Trade Controls, and Conservation Enforcement

Species Selection Criteria for Captive Breeding Programmes

Breeding Programmes for Endangered Species: Captive Breeding and Studbooks

Artificial Insemination and In Vitro Fertilisation in CBR

Cryopreservation and Gamete Biobanking in Species Conservation

Embryo Transfer and Surrogacy in Endangered Wildlife Propagation

Captive Breeding and Reproductive Technologies in Conservation

Mechanisms of Primary and Secondary Succession

Hydrosere, Lithosere, and Psammosere Successional Pathways

Soil Evolution and Organic Matter Accumulation along Seres

Changes in Productivity, Biomass, and Diversity during Succession

Climatic Climax Communities and Dynamic Biome Equilibria

Defining Plagioclimax Habitats and Anthropogenic Deflection

Ecological Succession and Seral Dynamics

Survey Design: Random, Systematic, and Stratified Sampling

Quadrat Sampling and Species Accumulation Curves

Belt and Line Transects Along Environmental Gradients

Point Counts and Territory Mapping for Avian Censuses

Distance Sampling and Line Transect Detection Functions

Mark-Release-Recapture and the Lincoln Index

Jolly-Seber Models for Open Population Demography

Ecological Survey Design and Population Estimation

Marine Biological Resources: Deep-Sea and Pelagic Fisheries

Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) Modelling and Quota Setting

Overfishing Dynamics: Biomass Collapses and Trophic Downgrading

Sustainable Aquaculture and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

Securing Future Biological Resource Supplies Through Habitat Stewardship

Marine Fisheries, Sustainable Yields, and Aquatic Stewardship

Saprobiontic Nutrition and Extracellular Digestion

The Nitrogen Cycle: Ammonification and Nitrification

The Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen Fixation and Denitrification

The Phosphorus Cycle and Sedimentary Reservoirs

Mycorrhizae and Mutualistic Nutrient Uptake

Fertiliser Leaching and the Mechanism of Eutrophication

Nutrient Cycles and Microbial Recycling

Terrestrial and Benthic Invertebrate Sampling Methods

Biological Monitoring Working Party and ASPT River Scoring

Lichen Zonation and Epiphytic Bioindicators of Air Quality

Calculating Simpson's and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices

Soil Quality Monitoring: Organic Carbon, pH, and Microbial Biomass

Sources of Error, Observer Bias, and Quality Assurance in Fieldwork

Bioindicators, Diversity Assessment, and Environmental Quality Monitoring

The Option Value of Undiscovered Biodiversity

Principles of Biomimetics: Learning Structural Design from Nature

Biomimetic Aerodynamics and Hydrodynamics: Shark Skin and Kingfisher Beaks

Biomimetic Materials: Spider Silk Tensile Strength and Gecko Adhesion

Biomimetic Architecture: Termite Mound Ventilation and Passive Cooling

Biomimetics: Nature-Inspired Engineering and Design

Primary Succession and Pioneer Species Colonisation

Soil Development and Environmental Modification in Succession

Secondary Succession Following Environmental Disturbance

Deflected Succession and Plagioclimax Habitats

Investigating Succession Along Sand Dunes and Salt Marshes

Ecological Succession and Dynamic Ecosystems

Lowland Calcareous Grassland Conservation and Grazing Regimes

Lowland Heathland Ecology and Rotational Swailing Management

Coppicing and Pollarding Cycles in Ancient Woodland Conservation

Hay Meadow Management and Aftermath Grazing Systems

Controlling Scrub Encroachment in Wetland and Fen Systems

Nutrient Stripping and Soil Scraping in Seral Restoration

Impacts of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Plagioclimax Habitats

Balancing Plagioclimax Preservation with Rewilding Philosophies

Monitoring Vegetation Structure and Phase Shifts in Reserves

Designing a Plagioclimax Habitat Management Plan

Plagioclimax Habitat Management and Conservation

Environmental Enrichment and Prevention of Abnormal Behaviours

Preventing Human Imprinting and Conditioning for the Wild

Predator Avoidance Training and Foraging Skills Acquisition

Soft Release Methodologies and Acclimatisation Protocols

Hard Release Methodologies: Suitability and Ecological Risks

Post-Release Monitoring and Demographic Success Metrics

Case Studies in CBR: Successes and Reintroduction Failures

Species Reintroduction: Conditioning, Release Strategies, and Monitoring

Plant-Derived Pharmacopeia: Morphine, Quinine, Aspirin, and Taxol

Marine Natural Products: Ziconotide, Trabectedin, and Bryostatins

Bioprospecting in Extreme Environments: Extremophiles and Thermostable Enzymes

Physiological Research Models: Squid Giant Axons and Horseshoe Crab LAL

Animal Models in Disease Research: Armadillos, Hibernating Bears, and Naked Mole Rats

Bioprospecting and Physiological Research Models

Principles of Habitat Creation, Restoration, and Rewilding

Protecting and Regenerating Rare and Threatened Habitats

Temperate Broadleaf Woodland: Abiotic Factors and Strata

Ecological Significance and Biodiversity of Ancient Woodlands

Threats to Temperate Broadleaf Woodlands in the UK

Coppicing and Pollarding: Traditional Woodland Management

Ride Management, Glade Creation, and Deadwood Retention

Habitat Restoration and Temperate Woodland Conservation

Exponential versus Logistic Population Growth Models

Density-Dependent versus Density-Independent Limiting Factors

r-Selected and K-Selected Life-History Strategies

Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey and Competition Dynamics

Metapopulation Dynamics and Source-Sink Systems

Wildlife Population Dynamics and Ecological Modelling

Principles of Very High Frequency (VHF) Radio Telemetry

GPS Wildlife Collars and Store-on-Board Data Loggers

Satellite Telemetry: Argos Platform Transmitters and Iridium Links

Light-Level Geolocators in Avian Migration Research

Acoustic Telemetry Arrays in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Pop-up Satellite Archival Tags (PSATs) for Ocean Megafauna

Multi-Sensor Bio-Logging: Tri-Axial Accelerometry and Energetics

Wildlife Telemetry and Bio-Logging Hardware

Crop Wild Relatives as Genetic Reservoirs: Disease and Climate Tolerance

Why Genetic Diversity Matters for Survival

Crop Breeding and Gene Editing: Introgression of Ancestral Alleles

Natural Predators and Parasitoids in Agroecosystems

Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control

Sterile Insect Technique and Pheromone Trapping

The Precautionary Principle in Habitat Preservation for Uninvestigated Species

Biopiracy, Access and Benefit-Sharing under the Nagoya Protocol

Biodiversity in Agriculture, Pest Management, and Resource Ethics

How Human Activities Affect Ecosystems

Climate Change, Ocean Acidification, and Alien Species

Factors Affecting Human Sustainability: Agriculture, Conservation, and Urban Planning

OGS.13.ESS.9

Aligned learning resources

Related diagrams