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<html lang="en">
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  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
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    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: transparent;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 680px;
    }

    /* Stack panels vertically on smaller mobile viewports */
    @media (max-width: 540px) {
      body {
        padding: 8px 4px;
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      .grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 12px;
        max-width: 340px;
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    }

    .panel {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 12px 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      text-align: center;
      transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
    }

    .panel-title {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e2945;
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    .panel-tag {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }

    .tag-ionic { background: #ede9fe; color: #6d28d9; }
    .tag-covalent { background: #e0f2fe; color: #0369a1; }
    .tag-metallic { background: #e2e8f0; color: #334155; }

    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 160px;
      aspect-ratio: 1;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    .caption {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      margin-top: 8px;
      line-height: 1.3;
    }

    /* Calmed, smooth, non-flickering CSS Animations (> 3s periods) */
    @keyframes float-electron {
      0%, 100% {
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      }
      50% {
        transform: translate(1.5px, -2px);
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    }

    @keyframes pulse-sea {
      0%, 100% {
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      50% {
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    @keyframes bond-pulse {
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      50% {
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    }

    .e-shared {
      animation: float-electron 4.5s ease-in-out infinite;
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      animation: pulse-sea 5s ease-in-out infinite;
    }

    .attr-line {
      animation: bond-pulse 4s ease-in-out infinite;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="panel">
      <div class="panel-title">Ionic</div>
      <span class="panel-tag tag-ionic">Transfer</span>
      <div class="svg-container">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 160 160">
          <defs>
            
            <radialGradient id="naGrad" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#c4b5fd" />
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7c3aed" />
            </radialGradient>
            
            <radialGradient id="clGrad" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#6ee7b7" />
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#059669" />
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          </defs>

          
          <g stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-dasharray="3 3" class="attr-line">
            <line x1="45" y1="45" x2="115" y2="45" />
            <line x1="45" y1="115" x2="115" y2="115" />
            <line x1="45" y1="45" x2="45" y2="115" />
            <line x1="115" y1="45" x2="115" y2="115" />
          </g>

          
          <circle cx="45" cy="45" r="16" fill="url(#naGrad)" />
          <text x="45" y="49" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Na⁺</text>

          
          <circle cx="115" cy="45" r="23" fill="url(#clGrad)" />
          <text x="115" y="49" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Cl⁻</text>

          
          <circle cx="45" cy="115" r="23" fill="url(#clGrad)" />
          <text x="45" y="119" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Cl⁻</text>

          
          <circle cx="115" cy="115" r="16" fill="url(#naGrad)" />
          <text x="115" y="119" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Na⁺</text>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="caption">+ / − Attraction</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="panel">
      <div class="panel-title">Covalent</div>
      <span class="panel-tag tag-covalent">Shared Pair</span>
      <div class="svg-container">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 160 160">
          <defs>
            
            <radialGradient id="cloudGrad" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="50%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#38bdf8" stop-opacity="0.5" />
              <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#0284c7" stop-opacity="0.2" />
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0284c7" stop-opacity="0" />
            </radialGradient>
            
            <radialGradient id="nucGrad" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fda4af" />
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#e11d48" />
            </radialGradient>
          </defs>

          
          <ellipse cx="80" cy="80" rx="66" ry="42" fill="url(#cloudGrad)" />
          <ellipse cx="80" cy="80" rx="66" ry="42" fill="none" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3" stroke-opacity="0.6" />

          
          <circle cx="44" cy="80" r="16" fill="url(#nucGrad)" />
          <text x="44" y="84" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">H</text>

          
          <circle cx="116" cy="80" r="16" fill="url(#nucGrad)" />
          <text x="116" y="84" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">H</text>

          
          <ellipse cx="80" cy="80" rx="14" ry="24" fill="#0284c7" fill-opacity="0.12" />

          
          <g class="e-shared">
            <circle cx="80" cy="71" r="5" fill="#0284c7" />
            <text x="80" y="74" font-size="8" font-weight="800" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
          </g>
          <g class="e-shared-alt">
            <circle cx="80" cy="89" r="5" fill="#0284c7" />
            <text x="80" y="92" font-size="8" font-weight="800" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="caption">Shared electrons</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="panel">
      <div class="panel-title">Metallic</div>
      <span class="panel-tag tag-metallic">Electron Sea</span>
      <div class="svg-container">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 160 160">
          <defs>
            
            <radialGradient id="feGrad" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
              <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#94a3b8" />
              <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#475569" />
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          </defs>

          
          <rect x="15" y="15" width="130" height="130" rx="16" fill="#38bdf8" class="sea-bg" />

          
          <g fill="#0284c7" font-size="7" font-weight="800">
            
            <circle cx="35" cy="40" r="3.5" />
            <text x="35" y="42.5" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
            
            <circle cx="80" cy="35" r="3.5" />
            <text x="80" y="37.5" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
            
            <circle cx="125" cy="42" r="3.5" />
            <text x="125" y="44.5" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
            
            <circle cx="36" cy="88" r="3.5" />
            <text x="36" y="90.5" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
            
            <circle cx="80" cy="80" r="3.5" />
            <text x="80" y="82.5" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
            
            <circle cx="124" cy="86" r="3.5" />
            <text x="124" y="88.5" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
            
            <circle cx="56" cy="126" r="3.5" />
            <text x="56" y="128.5" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
            
            <circle cx="104" cy="126" r="3.5" />
            <text x="104" y="128.5" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">−</text>
          </g>

          
          
          <circle cx="40" cy="58" r="14" fill="url(#feGrad)" />
          <text x="40" y="62" font-size="9" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Fe²⁺</text>

          <circle cx="80" cy="58" r="14" fill="url(#feGrad)" />
          <text x="80" y="62" font-size="9" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Fe²⁺</text>

          <circle cx="120" cy="58" r="14" fill="url(#feGrad)" />
          <text x="120" y="62" font-size="9" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Fe²⁺</text>

          
          <circle cx="40" cy="108" r="14" fill="url(#feGrad)" />
          <text x="40" y="112" font-size="9" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Fe²⁺</text>

          <circle cx="80" cy="108" r="14" fill="url(#feGrad)" />
          <text x="80" y="112" font-size="9" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Fe²⁺</text>

          <circle cx="120" cy="108" r="14" fill="url(#feGrad)" />
          <text x="120" y="112" font-size="9" font-weight="700" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Fe²⁺</text>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="caption">Delocalized electron sea</div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

Intramolecular Bonds vs. Intermolecular Forces

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
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    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
    }

    .header-bar {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 0 4px;
    }

    .title {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    }

    .strength-meter {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
    }

    .meter-bar {
      width: 50px;
      height: 6px;
      background: #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 3px;
      overflow: hidden;
      position: relative;
    }

    .meter-fill {
      height: 100%;
      width: 100%;
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, #94a3b8, #3b82f6, #8b5cf6);
      border-radius: 3px;
    }

    .cards-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
    }

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        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 8px;
      }
    }

    .imf-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      position: relative;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: box-shadow 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease;
    }

    .imf-card:hover, .imf-card.active {
      border-color: #3b82f6;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12);
    }

    .card-title {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
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      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
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    .badge {
      font-size: 9px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 12px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    }

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    .badge-mid { background: #eff6ff; color: #2563eb; }
    .badge-strong { background: #f5f3ff; color: #7c3aed; }

    .svg-stage {
      width: 100%;
      height: 140px;
    }

    /* Animation effects */
    @keyframes pulseDash {
      0%, 100% { stroke-dashoffset: 0; opacity: 0.6; }
      50% { stroke-dashoffset: 12; opacity: 1; }
    }

    @keyframes cloudShift1 {
      0%, 100% { cx: 48px; }
      50% { cx: 58px; }
    }

    @keyframes cloudShift2 {
      0%, 100% { cx: 132px; }
      50% { cx: 142px; }
    }

    .anim-dash {
      stroke-dasharray: 4, 3;
      animation: pulseDash 2.5s infinite linear;
    }

    .shift-cloud-1 {
      animation: cloudShift1 3.5s ease-in-out infinite;
    }
    .shift-cloud-2 {
      animation: cloudShift2 3.5s ease-in-out infinite;
    }

    .charge-plus {
      fill: #2563eb;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-family: inherit;
    }

    .charge-minus {
      fill: #dc2626;
      font-weight: 800;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-family: inherit;
    }

    .atom-label {
      fill: #ffffff;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-family: inherit;
      text-anchor: middle;
      dominant-baseline: central;
    }

    .atom-label-dark {
      fill: #1e2945;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-family: inherit;
      text-anchor: middle;
      dominant-baseline: central;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="header-bar">
    <div class="title">Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)</div>
    <div class="strength-meter">
      <span>Relative Strength</span>
      <div class="meter-bar"><div class="meter-fill"></div></div>
      <span>→</span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="cards-grid">
    
    <div class="imf-card active" id="card1">
      <div class="card-title">London Dispersion</div>
      <div class="card-subtitle">
        <span class="badge badge-weak">Weakest</span>
        <span>Temporary Dipoles</span>
      </div>

      <svg class="svg-stage" viewBox="0 0 190 140">
        <defs>
          
          <radialGradient id="grad-ldf1" cx="60%" cy="50%" r="65%">
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            <stop offset="70%" stop-color="#0284c7" stop-opacity="0.25"/>
            <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0284c7" stop-opacity="0.05"/>
          </radialGradient>
          <radialGradient id="grad-ldf2" cx="60%" cy="50%" r="65%">
            <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#38bdf8" stop-opacity="0.45"/>
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            <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0284c7" stop-opacity="0.05"/>
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        </defs>

        
        <g>
          
          <ellipse class="shift-cloud-1" cx="52" cy="70" rx="36" ry="32" fill="url(#grad-ldf1)" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-dasharray="3,2"/>
          
          <circle cx="48" cy="70" r="10" fill="#64748b"/>
          <text x="48" y="70" class="atom-label">He</text>
          
          <text x="20" y="73" class="charge-plus">δ⁺</text>
          <text x="76" y="73" class="charge-minus">δ⁻</text>
        </g>

        
        <line x1="88" y1="70" x2="108" y2="70" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="2.5" class="anim-dash"/>

        
        <g>
          
          <ellipse class="shift-cloud-2" cx="138" cy="70" rx="36" ry="32" fill="url(#grad-ldf2)" stroke="#0284c7" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-dasharray="3,2"/>
          
          <circle cx="142" cy="70" r="10" fill="#64748b"/>
          <text x="142" y="70" class="atom-label">He</text>
          
          <text x="110" y="73" class="charge-plus">δ⁺</text>
          <text x="166" y="73" class="charge-minus">δ⁻</text>
        </g>
      </svg>
    </div>

    
    <div class="imf-card" id="card2">
      <div class="card-title">Dipole-Dipole</div>
      <div class="card-subtitle">
        <span class="badge badge-mid">Moderate</span>
        <span>Permanent Dipoles</span>
      </div>

      <svg class="svg-stage" viewBox="0 0 190 140">
        
        <g transform="translate(10, 0)">
          
          <line x1="28" y1="70" x2="60" y2="70" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          
          
          <circle cx="24" cy="70" r="12" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="24" y="70" class="atom-label-dark">H</text>
          <text x="20" y="46" class="charge-plus">δ⁺</text>

          
          <circle cx="64" cy="70" r="18" fill="#10b981" stroke="#059669" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="64" y="70" class="atom-label">Cl</text>
          <text x="60" y="44" class="charge-minus">δ⁻</text>
        </g>

        
        <line x1="92" y1="70" x2="114" y2="70" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="2.5" class="anim-dash"/>

        
        <g transform="translate(90, 0)">
          
          <line x1="38" y1="70" x2="70" y2="70" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>

          
          <circle cx="34" cy="70" r="12" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="34" y="70" class="atom-label-dark">H</text>
          <text x="30" y="46" class="charge-plus">δ⁺</text>

          
          <circle cx="74" cy="70" r="18" fill="#10b981" stroke="#059669" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="74" y="70" class="atom-label">Cl</text>
          <text x="70" y="44" class="charge-minus">δ⁻</text>
        </g>
      </svg>
    </div>

    
    <div class="imf-card" id="card3">
      <div class="card-title">Hydrogen Bonding</div>
      <div class="card-subtitle">
        <span class="badge badge-strong">Strongest</span>
        <span>H to N, O, or F</span>
      </div>

      <svg class="svg-stage" viewBox="0 0 190 140">
        
        <g transform="translate(8, 0)">
          
          <line x1="42" y1="62" x2="20" y2="40" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="48" y1="74" x2="68" y2="92" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>

          
          <circle cx="18" cy="38" r="10" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="18" y="38" class="atom-label-dark">H</text>
          <text x="6" y="30" class="charge-plus">δ⁺</text>

          
          <circle cx="44" cy="66" r="16" fill="#ef4444" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="44" y="66" class="atom-label">O</text>
          <text x="40" y="98" class="charge-minus">δ⁻</text>

          
          <circle cx="70" cy="94" r="10" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="70" y="94" class="atom-label-dark">H</text>
          <text x="78" y="112" class="charge-plus">δ⁺</text>
        </g>

        
        <line x1="88" y1="94" x2="124" y2="68" stroke="#8b5cf6" stroke-width="3.5" class="anim-dash"/>

        
        <g transform="translate(94, 0)">
          
          <circle cx="34" cy="65" r="2.2" fill="#7c3aed"/>
          <circle cx="31" cy="71" r="2.2" fill="#7c3aed"/>

          
          <line x1="48" y1="56" x2="48" y2="28" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
          <line x1="56" y1="64" x2="78" y2="82" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>

          
          <circle cx="48" cy="60" r="16" fill="#ef4444" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="48" y="60" class="atom-label">O</text>
          <text x="58" y="44" class="charge-minus">δ⁻</text>

          
          <circle cx="48" cy="24" r="10" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="48" y="24" class="atom-label-dark">H</text>

          
          <circle cx="80" cy="84" r="10" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <text x="80" y="84" class="atom-label-dark">H</text>
        </g>
      </svg>
    </div>
  </div>

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  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    .callout {
      background: #eff6ff;
      border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      text-align: center;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1d4ed8;
    }

    .callout span {
      color: #7c3aed;
    }

    .section {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .sec-header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: baseline;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .badge {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }

    .imf-text { color: #d97706; }
    .imf-badge { background: #fef3c7; color: #b45309; }

    .bond-text { color: #4338ca; }
    .bond-badge { background: #e0e7ff; color: #3730a3; }

    .bar-container {
      position: relative;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .bar-row {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      cursor: pointer;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 3px 4px;
      transition: background 0.2s;
    }
    .bar-row:hover { background: #e2e8f0; }
    .bar-row.active { background: #e2e8f0; }

    .label {
      width: 105px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      white-space: nowrap;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }

    .track {
      flex: 1;
      height: 18px;
      background: #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 4px;
      overflow: hidden;
      position: relative;
    }

    .fill {
      height: 100%;
      border-radius: 4px;
      transition: width 0.4s ease;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: flex-end;
      padding-right: 4px;
    }

    .val {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #475569;
      width: 80px;
      text-align: right;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }

    .imf-fill-1 { background: #fbbf24; }
    .imf-fill-2 { background: #f59e0b; }
    .imf-fill-3 { background: #0d9488; }

    .bond-fill-1 { background: #6366f1; }
    .bond-fill-2 { background: #4f46e5; }
    .bond-fill-3 { background: #7c3aed; }
    .bond-fill-4 { background: #312e81; }

    .scale-ruler {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      font-size: 10px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      padding: 0 4px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
      margin-top: 2px;
      padding-top: 4px;
    }

    .info-box {
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      font-size: 12px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      min-height: 38px;
    }

    .info-title { font-weight: 700; }
    .info-desc { color: #64748b; }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="callout">
    ⚡ Intramolecular bonds are <span>10 to 100× stronger</span> than IMFs!
  </div>

  
  <div class="section">
    <div class="sec-header">
      <span class="imf-text">Intermolecular Forces (0.05 – 40 kJ/mol)</span>
      <span class="badge imf-badge">Physical changes (boiling/melting)</span>
    </div>

    <div class="bar-container">
      <div class="bar-row" onclick="show('London Dispersion', '0.05 – 10 kJ/mol', 'Weakest force; temporary electron fluctuations')">
        <span class="label">London dispersion</span>
        <div class="track"><div class="fill imf-fill-1" style="width: 10%;"></div></div>
        <span class="val">~0.05–10 kJ</span>
      </div>

      <div class="bar-row" onclick="show('Dipole-Dipole', '5 – 25 kJ/mol', 'Permanent polar attractions between molecules')">
        <span class="label">Dipole–Dipole</span>
        <div class="track"><div class="fill imf-fill-2" style="width: 25%;"></div></div>
        <span class="val">~5–25 kJ</span>
      </div>

      <div class="bar-row active" onclick="show('Hydrogen Bond', '10 – 40 kJ/mol', 'Strongest IMF; holds liquid water together')">
        <span class="label">Hydrogen bond</span>
        <div class="track"><div class="fill imf-fill-3" style="width: 40%;"></div></div>
        <span class="val">~10–40 kJ</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="section">
    <div class="sec-header">
      <span class="bond-text">Intramolecular Bonds (150 – 1000+ kJ/mol)</span>
      <span class="badge bond-badge">Chemical reactions (breaking bonds)</span>
    </div>

    <div class="bar-container">
      <div class="bar-row" onclick="show('C–H Single Bond', '413 kJ/mol', 'Covalent bond inside organic molecules')">
        <span class="label">C–H Covalent</span>
        <div class="track"><div class="fill bond-fill-1" style="width: 41.3%;"></div></div>
        <span class="val">413 kJ/mol</span>
      </div>

      <div class="bar-row" onclick="show('O–H Single Bond', '460 kJ/mol', 'Covalent bond inside H₂O molecules')">
        <span class="label">O–H Covalent</span>
        <div class="track"><div class="fill bond-fill-2" style="width: 46%;"></div></div>
        <span class="val">460 kJ/mol</span>
      </div>

      <div class="bar-row" onclick="show('Ionic NaCl Lattice', '787 kJ/mol', 'Electrostatic ionic lattice energy')">
        <span class="label">NaCl Ionic</span>
        <div class="track"><div class="fill bond-fill-3" style="width: 78.7%;"></div></div>
        <span class="val">787 kJ/mol</span>
      </div>

      <div class="bar-row" onclick="show('N≡N Triple Bond', '945 kJ/mol', 'Extremely strong triple covalent bond')">
        <span class="label">N≡N Triple</span>
        <div class="track"><div class="fill bond-fill-4" style="width: 94.5%;"></div></div>
        <span class="val">945 kJ/mol</span>
      </div>

      <div class="scale-ruler">
        <span>0 kJ</span>
        <span>250 kJ</span>
        <span>500 kJ</span>
        <span>750 kJ</span>
        <span>1000 kJ/mol</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="info-box" id="infoBox">
    <span class="info-title" id="infoTitle">Hydrogen bond (~10–40 kJ/mol)</span>
    <span class="info-desc" id="infoDesc">Strongest IMF; holds liquid water together</span>
  </div>

  <script>
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      document.getElementById('infoTitle').textContent = name + ' (' + energy + ')';
      document.getElementById('infoDesc').textContent = desc;
      const rows = document.querySelectorAll('.bar-row');
      rows.forEach(r => r.classList.remove('active'));
      event.currentTarget.classList.add('active');
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: #ffffff;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      min-height: 100%;
      padding: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }
    .toolbar {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
      z-index: 10;
    }
    .btn {
      padding: 6px 14px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      border-radius: 20px;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #475569;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
    }
    .btn.active {
      background: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #2563eb;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(37,99,235,0.25);
    }
    .btn:hover:not(.active) {
      background: #f1f5f9;
    }
    .svg-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      flex: 1;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }
    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      overflow: visible;
    }
    .mol-group {
      transition: transform 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
    }
    .h-bond-line {
      transition: opacity 0.4s ease, stroke-dashoffset 0.4s ease;
    }
    .energy-pill {
      font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
    }
    .status-banner {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      text-align: center;
      margin-top: 4px;
      min-height: 20px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="toolbar">
    <button class="btn active" id="btnLiquid" onclick="setState('liquid')">💧 Liquid Water (20°C)</button>
    <button class="btn" id="btnBoil" onclick="setState('steam')">🔥 Boil Water (100°C)</button>
  </div>

  <div class="svg-container">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 560 330">
      <defs>
        
        <radialGradient id="grad-o" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f87171"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#dc2626"/>
        </radialGradient>
        <radialGradient id="grad-h" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
          <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f1f5f9"/>
          <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#94a3b8"/>
        </radialGradient>
        
        <filter id="shadow" x="-8%" y="-8%" width="116%" height="116%">
          <feDropShadow dx="0" dy="2" stdDeviation="3" flood-opacity="0.08"/>
        </filter>
      </defs>

      
      
      <g transform="translate(15, 20)">
        <rect width="210" height="74" rx="10" fill="#eff6ff" stroke="#bfdbfe" stroke-width="1.5" filter="url(#shadow)"/>
        <text x="14" y="24" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#1d4ed8">INTRAMOLECULAR BOND</text>
        <text x="14" y="42" font-size="11" font-weight="600" fill="#2563eb">Covalent Bond (~460 kJ/mol)</text>
        <text x="14" y="60" font-size="10.5" font-weight="500" fill="#475569">Inside molecule: keeps atoms intact</text>
      </g>

      
      <g transform="translate(315, 20)">
        <rect width="230" height="74" rx="10" fill="#fef2f2" stroke="#fecaca" stroke-width="1.5" filter="url(#shadow)"/>
        <text x="14" y="24" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#b91c1c">INTERMOLECULAR FORCE</text>
        <text x="14" y="42" font-size="11" font-weight="600" fill="#dc2626">Hydrogen Bond (~20 kJ/mol)</text>
        <text x="14" y="60" font-size="10.5" font-weight="500" fill="#475569">Between molecules: holds liquid together</text>
      </g>

      
      <path d="M 120,94 L 142,165" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 3"/>
      <circle cx="142" cy="165" r="3" fill="#2563eb"/>

      <path id="pointer-inter" d="M 370,94 L 285,188" fill="none" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 3"/>
      <circle id="pointer-inter-dot" cx="285" cy="188" r="3" fill="#dc2626"/>

      
      <g id="hBondGroup">
        <line class="h-bond-line" id="hBondLine" x1="220" y1="188" x2="350" y2="188" 
              stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="3.5" stroke-dasharray="6 6" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        
        <rect id="badgeInter" x="250" y="200" width="70" height="20" rx="10" fill="#dc2626" />
        <text id="textInter" class="energy-pill" x="285" y="214" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">~20 kJ</text>
      </g>

      
      <g class="mol-group" id="mol1">
        
        <line x1="125" y1="210" x2="68" y2="152" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        <line x1="125" y1="210" x2="198" y2="188" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round"/>

        
        <rect x="125" y="145" width="76" height="20" rx="10" fill="#2563eb"/>
        <text class="energy-pill" x="163" y="159" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">~460 kJ</text>

        
        <circle cx="125" cy="210" r="34" fill="url(#grad-o)" stroke="#b91c1c" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="125" y="217" font-size="20" font-weight="800" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">O</text>
        <text x="125" y="235" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#fee2e2" text-anchor="middle">δ⁻</text>

        
        <circle cx="60" cy="145" r="21" fill="url(#grad-h)" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="60" y="151" font-size="16" font-weight="800" fill="#1e2945" text-anchor="middle">H</text>
        <text x="60" y="132" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#2563eb" text-anchor="middle">δ⁺</text>

        
        <circle cx="205" cy="188" r="21" fill="url(#grad-h)" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="205" y="194" font-size="16" font-weight="800" fill="#1e2945" text-anchor="middle">H</text>
        <text x="205" y="172" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#2563eb" text-anchor="middle">δ⁺</text>
      </g>

      
      <g class="mol-group" id="mol2">
        
        <line x1="380" y1="188" x2="445" y2="135" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round"/>
        <line x1="380" y1="188" x2="435" y2="255" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round"/>

        
        <circle cx="380" cy="188" r="34" fill="url(#grad-o)" stroke="#b91c1c" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="380" y="195" font-size="20" font-weight="800" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">O</text>
        <text x="380" y="213" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#fee2e2" text-anchor="middle">δ⁻</text>

        
        <circle cx="452" cy="128" r="21" fill="url(#grad-h)" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="452" y="134" font-size="16" font-weight="800" fill="#1e2945" text-anchor="middle">H</text>
        <text x="452" y="115" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#2563eb" text-anchor="middle">δ⁺</text>

        
        <circle cx="442" cy="262" r="21" fill="url(#grad-h)" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="442" y="268" font-size="16" font-weight="800" fill="#1e2945" text-anchor="middle">H</text>
        <text x="442" y="247" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#2563eb" text-anchor="middle">δ⁺</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="breakSymbol" opacity="0" style="transition: opacity 0.3s ease;">
        <circle cx="285" cy="188" r="16" fill="#fee2e2" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <path d="M 278,181 L 292,195 M 292,181 L 278,195" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  <div class="status-banner" id="statusText">
    Intramolecular bonds are ~23× stronger than intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
  </div>

  <script>
    function setState(mode) {
      const btnLiquid = document.getElementById('btnLiquid');
      const btnBoil = document.getElementById('btnBoil');
      const mol2 = document.getElementById('mol2');
      const hBondGroup = document.getElementById('hBondGroup');
      const breakSymbol = document.getElementById('breakSymbol');
      const pointerInter = document.getElementById('pointer-inter');
      const pointerDot = document.getElementById('pointer-inter-dot');
      const statusText = document.getElementById('statusText');

      if (mode === 'steam') {
        btnBoil.classList.add('active');
        btnLiquid.classList.remove('active');
        
        mol2.style.transform = 'translate(60px, -15px)';
        hBondGroup.style.opacity = '0.15';
        breakSymbol.style.opacity = '1';
        pointerInter.style.opacity = '0.3';
        pointerDot.style.opacity = '0.3';

        statusText.innerHTML = '🔥 <b>Boiling breaks intermolecular forces</b> (steam), leaving covalent H₂O intact!';
        statusText.style.color = '#dc2626';
      } else {
        btnLiquid.classList.add('active');
        btnBoil.classList.remove('active');

        mol2.style.transform = 'translate(0px, 0px)';
        hBondGroup.style.opacity = '1';
        breakSymbol.style.opacity = '0';
        pointerInter.style.opacity = '1';
        pointerDot.style.opacity = '1';

        statusText.innerHTML = 'Intramolecular bonds are ~23× stronger than intermolecular hydrogen bonds.';
        statusText.style.color = '#475569';
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

OGS.11.PS.BD.3

Aligned learning resources

Related diagrams