<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: #f8fafc;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }
    
    /* Example Toggle Tabs */
    .toggle-row {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 8px;
    }
    .toggle-btn {
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #475569;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }
    .toggle-btn.active {
      background: #1e2945;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #1e2945;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(30,41,69,0.15);
    }

    /* Comparison Grid */
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 12px;
    }
    @media (max-width: 480px) {
      .grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      }
    }

    /* Column Card */
    .col-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 14px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    }
    .col-card.invalid {
      border-top: 4px solid #ef4444;
    }
    .col-card.valid {
      border-top: 4px solid #10b981;
    }

    .col-header {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
    }
    .invalid .col-header { color: #dc2626; }
    .valid .col-header { color: #059669; }

    /* Example Snippet */
    .example-box {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-style: italic;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      min-height: 48px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
    }
    .invalid .example-box {
      background: #fef2f2;
      color: #991b1b;
      border-left: 3px solid #f87171;
    }
    .valid .example-box {
      background: #f0fdf4;
      color: #166534;
      border-left: 3px solid #4ade80;
    }

    /* Checklist */
    .checklist {
      list-style: none;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }
    .checklist-item {
      display: flex;
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 500;
      line-height: 1.3;
    }
    .icon {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 18px;
      height: 18px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 800;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      margin-top: 1px;
    }
    .icon-cross {
      background: #fee2e2;
      color: #dc2626;
    }
    .icon-check {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #16a34a;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="toggle-row">
    <button class="toggle-btn active" onclick="setExample(0)">Example 1</button>
    <button class="toggle-btn" onclick="setExample(1)">Example 2</button>
  </div>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="col-card invalid">
      <div class="col-header">
        <span class="icon icon-cross">✕</span>
        <span>Broad Opinion</span>
      </div>
      <div class="example-box" id="opinion-text">
        "Pollution is bad for the planet."
      </div>
      <ul class="checklist">
        <li class="checklist-item">
          <span class="icon icon-cross">✕</span>
          <span>Based on personal taste</span>
        </li>
        <li class="checklist-item">
          <span class="icon icon-cross">✕</span>
          <span>Uses absolute words (best/worst)</span>
        </li>
        <li class="checklist-item">
          <span class="icon icon-cross">✕</span>
          <span>Cannot be resolved with data</span>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>

    
    <div class="col-card valid">
      <div class="col-header">
        <span class="icon icon-check">✓</span>
        <span>Defensible Claim</span>
      </div>
      <div class="example-box" id="claim-text">
        "Municipal carbon taxes reduce urban emissions by 14%."
      </div>
      <ul class="checklist">
        <li class="checklist-item">
          <span class="icon icon-check">✓</span>
          <span>Debatable by reasonable people</span>
        </li>
        <li class="checklist-item">
          <span class="icon icon-check">✓</span>
          <span>Rooted in evidence &amp; logic</span>
        </li>
        <li class="checklist-item">
          <span class="icon icon-check">✓</span>
          <span>Acknowledges context &amp; limits</span>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const examples = [
      {
        opinion: '"Pollution is bad for the planet."',
        claim: '"Municipal carbon taxes reduce urban emissions by 14%."'
      },
      {
        opinion: '"Standardized testing is the worst policy ever."',
        claim: '"Relying solely on test scores narrows core STEM curricula."'
      }
    ];

    function setExample(index) {
      document.getElementById('opinion-text').textContent = examples[index].opinion;
      document.getElementById('claim-text').textContent = examples[index].claim;
      
      const btns = document.querySelectorAll('.toggle-btn');
      btns.forEach((btn, i) => {
        btn.classList.toggle('active', i === index);
      });
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Formulating Defensible and Nuanced Argumentative Claims

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: flex-start;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    /* Tabs / Switcher */
    .switcher {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
      margin-bottom: 14px;
    }
    .tab-btn {
      flex: 1;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      border-radius: 8px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #64748b;
      cursor: pointer;
      text-align: center;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
      line-height: 1.2;
    }
    .tab-btn.active {
      background: #eff6ff;
      color: #1d4ed8;
      border-color: #93c5fd;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(37,99,235,0.1);
    }

    /* Flow Container */
    .flow-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      position: relative;
    }

    /* Cards & Shapes */
    .step-card {
      width: 100%;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      text-align: center;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #f8fafc;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
      position: relative;
    }
    .tag {
      display: inline-block;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.05em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
      color: #64748b;
    }
    .step-text {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #1e2945;
      line-height: 1.3;
    }

    /* Connectors */
    .arrow-down {
      width: 2px;
      height: 18px;
      background: #cbd5e1;
      margin: 2px 0;
      position: relative;
    }
    .arrow-down::after {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      bottom: 0;
      left: -3px;
      border-left: 4px solid transparent;
      border-right: 4px solid transparent;
      border-top: 5px solid #cbd5e1;
    }

    /* Decision Box */
    .decision-box {
      width: 90%;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      text-align: center;
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px dashed #94a3b8;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
    }
    .decision-title {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #475569;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    }
    .decision-q {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0f172a;
      margin-top: 2px;
    }

    /* Result Card */
    .result-card {
      width: 100%;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 12px;
      border: 1px solid transparent;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    .result-card.fail {
      background: #fef2f2;
      border-color: #fecaca;
      color: #991b1b;
    }
    .result-card.pass {
      background: #f0fdf4;
      border-color: #bbf7d0;
      color: #166534;
    }
    .verdict-badge {
      padding: 4px 10px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      white-space: nowrap;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .verdict-badge.fail {
      background: #fee2e2;
      color: #b91c1c;
    }
    .verdict-badge.pass {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #15803d;
    }

    .sub-reason {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 500;
      opacity: 0.9;
      text-align: left;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="switcher" role="tablist">
    <button class="tab-btn active" id="btn-pass" onclick="selectClaim('pass')">
      Claim A (Debatable)
    </button>
    <button class="tab-btn" id="btn-fail" onclick="selectClaim('fail')">
      Claim B (Fact / Obvious)
    </button>
  </div>

  <div class="flow-container">
    
    <div class="step-card" id="claim-card">
      <div class="tag">Candidate Claim</div>
      <div class="step-text" id="claim-text">"High schools should start at 8:30 AM."</div>
    </div>

    <div class="arrow-down"></div>

    
    <div class="step-card" id="opp-card">
      <div class="tag">Opposing Viewpoint</div>
      <div class="step-text" id="opp-text">"Early start times maximize daylight for athletics & schedules."</div>
    </div>

    <div class="arrow-down"></div>

    
    <div class="decision-box">
      <div class="decision-title">Opposing Viewpoint Test</div>
      <div class="decision-q">Is the opposing view rational & defensible?</div>
    </div>

    <div class="arrow-down"></div>

    
    <div class="result-card pass" id="result-box">
      <div class="sub-reason" id="result-reason">
        Valid counter-evidence exists.
      </div>
      <div class="verdict-badge pass" id="verdict-badge">
        <span>✓</span> Arguable Claim
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const data = {
      pass: {
        claim: '"High schools should start at 8:30 AM."',
        opp: '"Early start times maximize daylight for athletics & parent schedules."',
        reason: 'Plausible counter-thesis with valid rationale.',
        verdictText: 'Arguable Claim',
        icon: '✓',
        type: 'pass'
      },
      fail: {
        claim: '"Clean drinking water is essential for humans."',
        opp: '"Clean drinking water is harmful and unnecessary."',
        reason: 'No rational person or evidence supports this.',
        verdictText: 'Not Arguable',
        icon: '✕',
        type: 'fail'
      }
    };

    function selectClaim(key) {
      const item = data[key];

      document.getElementById('btn-pass').classList.toggle('active', key === 'pass');
      document.getElementById('btn-fail').classList.toggle('active', key === 'fail');

      document.getElementById('claim-text').textContent = item.claim;
      document.getElementById('opp-text').textContent = item.opp;
      document.getElementById('result-reason').textContent = item.reason;

      const resultBox = document.getElementById('result-box');
      const badge = document.getElementById('verdict-badge');

      resultBox.className = `result-card ${item.type}`;
      badge.className = `verdict-badge ${item.type}`;
      badge.innerHTML = `<span>${item.icon}</span> ${item.verdictText}`;
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: transparent;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    /* Formula Header */
    .formula-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      position: relative;
    }

    @media (max-width: 540px) {
      .formula-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
      }
    }

    .card-block {
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 8px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: box-shadow 0.28s ease, opacity 0.28s ease, border-color 0.28s ease;
      position: relative;
      border: 2px solid transparent;
      min-height: 105px;
    }

    /* Block 1: Concession */
    .b-concession {
      background: #f5f3ff;
      border-color: #ddd6fe;
    }
    .b-concession.active, .b-concession:hover {
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #7c3aed;
    }
    .b-concession .pill-tag {
      background: #7c3aed;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    /* Block 2: Subject */
    .b-subject {
      background: #f0f9ff;
      border-color: #bae6fd;
    }
    .b-subject.active, .b-subject:hover {
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #0284c7;
    }
    .b-subject .pill-tag {
      background: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    /* Block 3: Position */
    .b-position {
      background: #fffbeb;
      border-color: #fde68a;
    }
    .b-position.active, .b-position:hover {
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #d97706;
    }
    .b-position .pill-tag {
      background: #d97706;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    /* Block 4: Reason */
    .b-reason {
      background: #f0fdf4;
      border-color: #bbf7d0;
    }
    .b-reason.active, .b-reason:hover {
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #16a34a;
    }
    .b-reason .pill-tag {
      background: #16a34a;
      color: #ffffff;
    }

    .pill-header {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 4px;
    }

    .pill-tag {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 999px;
      display: inline-block;
    }

    .step-num {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #64748b;
    }

    .block-text {
      font-size: 13.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #0f172a;
    }

    .block-func {
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #64748b;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

    /* Full Assembled Sentence Card */
    .sentence-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 14px 16px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .sentence-label {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #64748b;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.6px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .sentence-text {
      font-size: 15px;
      line-height: 1.6;
      color: #334155;
    }

    .span-chunk {
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
      transition: opacity 0.28s ease, filter 0.28s ease, background-color 0.28s ease;
      display: inline;
    }

    .span-concession {
      background: #ede9fe;
      color: #5b21b6;
    }
    .span-subject {
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
    }
    .span-position {
      background: #fef3c7;
      color: #92400e;
    }
    .span-reason {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #166534;
    }

    /* Controls Bar */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .btn-step {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      color: #334155;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      transition: background 0.28s ease, border-color 0.28s ease, color 0.28s ease, box-shadow 0.28s ease;
    }
    .btn-step:hover {
      background: #f1f5f9;
    }
    .btn-step.active {
      background: #1e2945;
      border-color: #1e2945;
      color: #ffffff;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="formula-grid" id="formulaGrid">
    <div class="card-block b-concession" data-index="0">
      <div class="pill-header">
        <span class="pill-tag">Concession</span>
        <span class="step-num">1</span>
      </div>
      <div class="block-text">"Although light rail has broad appeal,"</div>
      <div class="block-func">Acknowledges counter-argument</div>
    </div>

    <div class="card-block b-subject" data-index="1">
      <div class="pill-header">
        <span class="pill-tag">Subject</span>
        <span class="step-num">2</span>
      </div>
      <div class="block-text">"growing transit systems"</div>
      <div class="block-func">Defines precise scope</div>
    </div>

    <div class="card-block b-position" data-index="2">
      <div class="pill-header">
        <span class="pill-tag">Position</span>
        <span class="step-num">3</span>
      </div>
      <div class="block-text">"should prioritize bus rapid transit"</div>
      <div class="block-func">Takes a debatable stance</div>
    </div>

    <div class="card-block b-reason" data-index="3">
      <div class="pill-header">
        <span class="pill-tag">Reason</span>
        <span class="step-num">4</span>
      </div>
      <div class="block-text">"because it delivers route flexibility at lower cost."</div>
      <div class="block-func">Supplies direct mechanism</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="sentence-card">
    <div class="sentence-label">
      <span>Complete Nuanced Claim</span>
      <span id="activeFocusLabel" style="font-weight:600; color:#1e2945;">Showing All 4 Parts</span>
    </div>
    <div class="sentence-text" id="sentenceDisplay">
      <span class="span-chunk span-concession" id="span0">Although light rail has broad appeal,</span>
      <span class="span-chunk span-subject" id="span1">growing transit systems</span>
      <span class="span-chunk span-position" id="span2">should prioritize bus rapid transit</span>
      <span class="span-chunk span-reason" id="span3">because it delivers route flexibility at lower cost.</span>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="btn-step active" id="btnAll" onclick="showPart(-1)">✦ All Parts</button>
    <button class="btn-step" id="btn0" onclick="showPart(0)">1. Concession</button>
    <button class="btn-step" id="btn1" onclick="showPart(1)">2. Subject</button>
    <button class="btn-step" id="btn2" onclick="showPart(2)">3. Position</button>
    <button class="btn-step" id="btn3" onclick="showPart(3)">4. Reason</button>
  </div>

  <script>
    const labels = [
      "Focused: 1. Concession Clause",
      "Focused: 2. Specific Subject",
      "Focused: 3. Debatable Position",
      "Focused: 4. Reason / Mechanism"
    ];

    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-block');
    const spans = [
      document.getElementById('span0'),
      document.getElementById('span1'),
      document.getElementById('span2'),
      document.getElementById('span3')
    ];
    const buttons = [
      document.getElementById('btn0'),
      document.getElementById('btn1'),
      document.getElementById('btn2'),
      document.getElementById('btn3')
    ];
    const btnAll = document.getElementById('btnAll');
    const activeFocusLabel = document.getElementById('activeFocusLabel');

    function showPart(idx) {
      // Update Buttons
      btnAll.classList.toggle('active', idx === -1);
      buttons.forEach((btn, i) => btn.classList.toggle('active', i === idx));

      // Update Cards & Spans
      cards.forEach((card, i) => {
        if (idx === -1) {
          card.style.opacity = '1';
          card.classList.remove('active');
        } else if (i === idx) {
          card.style.opacity = '1';
          card.classList.add('active');
        } else {
          card.style.opacity = '0.35';
          card.classList.remove('active');
        }
      });

      spans.forEach((span, i) => {
        if (idx === -1) {
          span.style.opacity = '1';
          span.style.filter = 'none';
        } else if (i === idx) {
          span.style.opacity = '1';
          span.style.filter = 'none';
        } else {
          span.style.opacity = '0.25';
          span.style.filter = 'grayscale(60%)';
        }
      });

      if (idx === -1) {
        activeFocusLabel.textContent = "Showing All 4 Parts";
      } else {
        activeFocusLabel.textContent = labels[idx];
      }
    }

    // Direct card click interaction
    cards.forEach((card, i) => {
      card.addEventListener('click', () => {
        const isCurrent = card.classList.contains('active');
        if (isCurrent) {
          showPart(-1);
        } else {
          showPart(i);
        }
      });
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>Anatomy of a Nuanced Claim</title>
  <style>
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    /* Main Sentence Display */
    .claim-box {
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      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 14px 16px;
      font-size: 15px;
      line-height: 1.6;
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      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
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      font-weight: 600;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
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      color: #92400e;
      border-bottom: 2px solid #f59e0b;
    }
    .chunk.c-stance {
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      color: #0369a1;
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    .chunk.c-rationale {
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    .badge-rationale { background: #dcfce7; color: #15803d; }

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      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
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    }
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      line-height: 1.35;
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  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="nav-tabs" role="tablist">
    <button class="tab-btn active" data-target="all" onclick="selectPart('all')">✦ Full Claim</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" data-target="concession" onclick="selectPart('concession')">1. Concession</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" data-target="stance" onclick="selectPart('stance')">2. Stance</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" data-target="rationale" onclick="selectPart('rationale')">3. Rationale</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="claim-box">
    <span class="chunk c-concession" id="chunk-concession">"Although daily practice reinforces core skills,</span>
    <span class="chunk c-stance" id="chunk-stance">secondary schools should cap homework at one hour per night</span>
    <span class="chunk c-rationale" id="chunk-rationale">to prevent chronic sleep deprivation and burnout."</span>
  </div>

  
  <div class="parts-grid">
    <div class="part-card card-concession active" id="card-concession" onclick="selectPart('concession')">
      <span class="badge badge-concession">Part 1</span>
      <div class="part-title">Concession</div>
      <div class="part-desc">Acknowledges opposing merit (shows balance)</div>
    </div>

    <div class="part-card card-stance active" id="card-stance" onclick="selectPart('stance')">
      <span class="badge badge-stance">Part 2</span>
      <div class="part-title">Actionable Stance</div>
      <div class="part-desc">Specific, measurable core proposal</div>
    </div>

    <div class="part-card card-rationale active" id="card-rationale" onclick="selectPart('rationale')">
      <span class="badge badge-rationale">Part 3</span>
      <div class="part-title">Evidence Rationale</div>
      <div class="part-desc">Valid 'why' rooted in real-world impact</div>
    </div>
  </div>

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</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>Argumentative Spectrum</title>
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</head>
<body>

  <div class="spectrum-header">
    <div class="axis-labels">
      <span>← Not Arguable</span>
      <span class="right-label">Defensible & Nuanced →</span>
    </div>
    <div class="spectrum-bar">
      <div id="indicator" class="spectrum-indicator" style="left: 12.5%;"></div>
    </div>
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      <div class="card-icon">🌡️</div>
      <div class="card-type">Fact</div>
      <span class="badge badge-gray">Not Arguable</span>
      <div class="card-quote">"Water boils<br>at 100°C"</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="item-card" data-idx="1" onclick="selectCard(1)">
      <div class="card-icon">❄️</div>
      <div class="card-type">Broad Opinion</div>
      <span class="badge badge-orange">Personal Taste</span>
      <div class="card-quote">"Winter is the<br>worst season"</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="item-card" data-idx="2" onclick="selectCard(2)">
      <div class="card-icon">📱</div>
      <div class="card-type">Weak Claim</div>
      <span class="badge badge-yellow">Too Broad</span>
      <div class="card-quote">"Phones should<br>be banned"</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="item-card" data-idx="3" onclick="selectCard(3)">
      <div class="card-icon">🎯</div>
      <div class="card-type">Nuanced Claim</div>
      <span class="badge badge-blue">Defensible & Nuanced</span>
      <div class="card-quote">"Restrict class access to reduce distraction"</div>
    </div>
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    <button class="nav-btn" onclick="prevStep()">◀ Prev</button>
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      <span class="dot" onclick="selectCard(2)"></span>
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Evaluating and Selecting Credible Evidence for Arguments

Building Logical Reasoning Chains and Warrants

Identifying and Framing Opposing and Alternate Claims

Drafting Effective Concessions and Rebuttals

Synthesizing Counterclaims Into a Unified Argumentative Draft

Crafting Rigorous Arguments: Claims, Evidence, and Counterclaims

Distinguishing Claims From Opinions in Historical Writing

Crafting a Clear Thesis Statement for Historical Arguments

Supporting Claims With Clear Reasons and Relevant Evidence

Introducing Claims and Organizing Reasons in Middle School Essays

Distinguishing Primary and Secondary Evidence in Arguments

Using Accurate Historical Facts and Data to Strengthen Claims

Acknowledging Opposing Viewpoints in Middle School Arguments

Refuting Counterclaims With Discipline-Specific Evidence

social-studies

Formulating Claims, Evidence, and Counterarguments in Social Studies

Analyzing Your Audience Before You Write

What Is the Writing Process? From Idea to Final Draft

Identifying Your Writing Purpose: Inform, Persuade, Narrate

Matching Genre to Your Purpose, Topic, and Audience

Choosing and Narrowing a Topic for Your Draft

Brainstorming Ideas Through Discussion with Peers

Using Background Reading to Inform Your Writing

Drawing on Personal Interests to Find Writing Topics

Creating a Preliminary Outline from Your Ideas

Using Graphic Organizers to Plan Your Draft

Planning Your First Draft: Genre, Purpose, and Audience

Using Words, Phrases, and Clauses to Create Cohesion

Establishing and Maintaining a Formal Style in Social Studies

Writing Compelling Conclusions That Support the Argument

Analyzing Historical Biases in Argumentative Sources

Constructing Civic and Policy Arguments With Evidence

Evaluating the Logical Soundness of Peer Historical Arguments

Constructing Historical Arguments With Evidence

Refining and Synthesizing Disciplinary Arguments in Social Studies

What Makes an Idea Engaging and Thoughtful?

Developing Depth of Thought: Moving Beyond Surface Ideas

Elaborating with Concrete Examples and Specific Details

Using Specific Facts to Support Your Ideas

Adding Meaningful Details to Develop Your Topic

Using Examples to Illustrate Your Points

Developing Deep Ideas with Concrete Details and Facts

Delimitación de la temática de un texto narrativo o argumentativo

Identificación del lector, audiencia y adecuación del registro

Formulación de preguntas guía y objetivos de investigación

Criterios de confiabilidad en fuentes impresas y digitales

Organización y almacenamiento digital de fuentes

Técnicas de fichaje: resumen, paráfrasis y comentario

Prevención del plagio académico y propiedad intelectual

Normas de citación directa corta y en bloque

Citación indirecta y paráfrasis con atribución

Elaboración de la lista de referencias bibliográficas

Investigación y gestión de fuentes académicas

Elaboración del plan textual: jerarquización de ideas

Esquemas de secuencias descriptivas y explicativas

Revisión y ajuste del plan textual antes de redactar

Integración de recursos gráficos y tablas en el plan textual

Planificación y estructuración del texto explicativo

Selecting Strong Evidence for Your Draft

Developing Your Topic With Definitions

Combining Facts and Details for Maximum Impact

Avoiding Vague Language in Your Draft

Deepening Your Ideas Beyond Surface Level

Checking That Every Detail Serves Your Main Idea

Selecting, Synthesizing, and Refining Evidence in Your Draft

Características y estructura del texto explicativo académico

Redacción de introducciones atractivas y planteamiento del problema

Oraciones temáticas y desarrollo del párrafo explicativo

Estrategias de definición y clasificación en la escritura

Estrategias de reformulación, ejemplificación y analogía

Patrones explicativos: causa y efecto

Patrones explicativos: comparación y contraste

Patrones explicativos: problema y solución

Redacción de conclusiones: síntesis y proyecciones

Componentes y estrategias del texto explicativo

Incorporación de terminología técnica y lemas especializados

Elaboración del primer borrador del artículo explicativo

Autoevaluación con rúbricas de producción textual

Evaluación entre pares y retroalimentación formativa

Estrategias de reescritura: eliminación, adición y reordenamiento

Edición final y preparación para la publicación escolar

Redacción, revisión y publicación del artículo explicativo

Planning Text Structure for Different Purposes and Audiences

Selecting Language Features for Imaginative Writing

Selecting Language Features for Persuasive Writing

Selecting Language Features for Analytical Writing

Organising and Expanding Ideas in Drafts

Planning and Drafting Across Genres

Using Literary Devices in Creative Writing

Experimenting with Sentence Patterns for Effect

Creating Imagery and Atmosphere in Literary Texts

Editing for Cohesion and Paragraph Structure

Revising Word Choice for Precision and Tone

Publishing Multimodal Texts with Visual Features

Writing Reflective Texts About Personal Experiences

Crafting, Refining, and Publishing Texts

Writing Quick Source Reflections in a Single Sitting

Drafting Short Timed Civic Opinion Editorials

Writing Daily Historical Bellringers and Exit Tickets

Managing Time Across Multi-Week Social Studies Research Papers

Writing Extended Comparative Historical Essays

Responding to Document-Based Questions Under Time Constraints

Drafting Mock Historical Speeches and Debates

Writing in Shorter Time Frames for Discipline Tasks

Maintaining a Historical Inquiry Journal Over a Semester

Writing for a Range of Discipline-Specific Tasks, Purposes, and Audiences

Routine and Extended Disciplinary Writing Fluency (Grades 6-8)

What Makes a Strong Discipline-Specific Argument?

Drawing Evidence From Informational Texts to Explain

Drawing Evidence From Informational Texts to Support Research

Introducing Claims About Historical Topics

Introducing Claims About Scientific Topics

Acknowledging Opposing Claims in Discipline Writing

Understanding Claims and Evidence in Discipline-Specific Arguments

Crafting a Precise and Debatable Claim

Acknowledging and Distinguishing Opposing Claims

Organizing Reasons and Evidence Logically

Supporting Claims With Logical Reasoning

Using Credible Sources to Support Claims

Selecting Relevant Evidence for Argument Writing

Developing Claims and Evidence in Argument Writing

Supporting Claims With Data and Evidence

Using Credible Sources in Discipline Writing

Demonstrating Understanding of Topic Through Evidence

Organizing and Supporting Discipline-Specific Arguments

Using Transition Words in Discipline Arguments

Creating Cohesion Between Claims and Counterclaims

Clarifying Relationships Among Reasons and Evidence

Maintaining Formal Style in History and Science Writing

Completing a Discipline-Specific Argument Essay

Creating Cohesion and Finalizing Discipline-Specific Arguments

Using Clauses to Clarify Relationships Among Claims

Using Transition Words for Argument Cohesion

Establishing and Maintaining a Formal Style

Drafting a Complete Grade 8 Argument Essay

Revising Argument Essays for Stronger Evidence

Refining Cohesion, Style, and Drafting in Argument Writing

Drawing Evidence for Analysis in Discipline Writing

Drawing Evidence for Reflection in Discipline Writing

Drawing Evidence for Research in Discipline Writing

Writing Routinely Over Extended Time Frames in Disciplines

Completing a Full Informative Piece in a Discipline

Drawing Evidence and Writing Routinely in Disciplines

The Writing Process: From Idea to First Draft

Choosing Your Writing Purpose and Audience

Selecting a Genre for Your Topic, Purpose, and Audience

Generating Ideas Through Discussion and Background Reading

Developing Your Ideas With Specific Facts and Details

Using Concrete Examples to Illustrate Your Ideas

Deepening Your Thinking Beyond Surface Level

Maintaining Focus on Your Main Idea Throughout

Using Varied Sentence Types in Your Draft

Drafting in Timed and Open-Ended Situations

Developing and Refining Your Draft's Ideas

OGE.9.W.1

OGE.9.W.1

Aligned learning resources

Related diagrams