<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    /* Controls */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 8px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    .toggle-group {
      display: flex;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      padding: 3px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      gap: 2px;
    }
    .btn-toggle {
      border: none;
      background: transparent;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }
    .btn-toggle.active {
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #0f172a;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    }

    /* Comparison Rows */
    .compare-grid {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
    }

    .row-card {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 12px 14px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
      transition: border-color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;
    }

    .card-that {
      border-left: 5px solid #1e3a8a;
    }
    .card-which {
      border-left: 5px solid #0d9488;
    }

    .row-header {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .badge {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      color: #ffffff;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .badge-navy { background: #1e3a8a; }
    .badge-teal { background: #0d9488; }

    .tag {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }
    .tag-essential {
      background: #e0e7ff;
      color: #1e3a8a;
    }
    .tag-extra {
      background: #ccfbf1;
      color: #0f766e;
    }

    /* Sentence Display */
    .sentence-box {
      font-size: 15px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      color: #334155;
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 10px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    }

    .clause {
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
      display: inline;
    }

    .clause-that {
      background: #dbeafe;
      color: #1e3a8a;
      border-bottom: 2px solid #1e3a8a;
    }

    .clause-which {
      background: #ccfbf1;
      color: #0f766e;
      border-bottom: 2px solid #0d9488;
    }

    .comma {
      font-weight: 900;
      color: #0d9488;
      background: #99f6e4;
      padding: 0 4px;
      border-radius: 3px;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }

    /* Removal State */
    .removed .clause {
      opacity: 0.25;
      text-decoration: line-through;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #94a3b8;
      border-bottom-color: transparent;
    }
    .removed .comma {
      opacity: 0.2;
      background: transparent;
    }

    /* Rules Flow */
    .rule-flow {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #475569;
      font-weight: 600;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    .rule-item {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .arrow {
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-weight: 400;
    }
    .rule-result {
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }
    .res-no-commas {
      background: #fee2e2;
      color: #991b1b;
    }
    .res-commas {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #166534;
    }

    /* Status Impact Text */
    .impact-text {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      min-height: 18px;
      transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
    }
    .impact-error { color: #b91c1c; }
    .impact-ok { color: #15803d; }

    /* Footer Note */
    .callout {
      background: #fdf4ff;
      border: 1px dashed #d946ef;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #701a75;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
    }
    .callout-badge {
      background: #d946ef;
      color: #ffffff;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 800;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: #475569;">Punctuation Rule</span>
    <div class="toggle-group">
      <button id="btnFull" class="btn-toggle active" onclick="setMode('full')">Full Sentence</button>
      <button id="btnTest" class="btn-toggle" onclick="setMode('test')">✂️ Removal Test</button>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div id="grid" class="compare-grid">
    
    
    <div class="row-card card-that">
      <div class="row-header">
        <span class="badge badge-navy">THAT</span>
        <span class="tag tag-essential">Essential (Restrictive)</span>
      </div>

      <div class="sentence-box">
        The car <span class="clause clause-that">[that ran the red light]</span> caused the crash.
      </div>

      <div class="rule-flow">
        <span class="rule-item">🎯 Identifies WHICH car</span>
        <span class="arrow">→</span>
        <span class="rule-item">Essential info</span>
        <span class="arrow">→</span>
        <span class="rule-result res-no-commas">🚫 NO commas</span>
      </div>

      <div id="impactThat" class="impact-text" style="display:none;">
        <span class="impact-error">❌ "The car caused the crash." — Meaning unclear (which car?).</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="row-card card-which">
      <div class="row-header">
        <span class="badge badge-teal">WHICH</span>
        <span class="tag tag-extra">Nonessential (Extra)</span>
      </div>

      <div class="sentence-box">
        My grandfather's 1968 Mustang<span class="comma">,</span> <span class="clause clause-which">[which has leather seats]</span><span class="comma">,</span> won first prize.
      </div>

      <div class="rule-flow">
        <span class="rule-item">➕ Extra detail</span>
        <span class="arrow">→</span>
        <span class="rule-item">Not required</span>
        <span class="arrow">→</span>
        <span class="rule-result res-commas">⚠️ COMMAS required</span>
      </div>

      <div id="impactWhich" class="impact-text" style="display:none;">
        <span class="impact-ok">✓ "My grandfather's 1968 Mustang won first prize." — Still clear.</span>
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>

  
  <div class="callout">
    <span class="callout-badge">WHO</span>
    <span>Can be <strong>essential</strong> (no commas) or <strong>extra</strong> (with commas) depending on context!</span>
  </div>

  <script>
    function setMode(mode) {
      const isTest = mode === 'test';
      document.getElementById('btnFull').classList.toggle('active', !isTest);
      document.getElementById('btnTest').classList.toggle('active', isTest);
      document.getElementById('grid').classList.toggle('removed', isTest);
      
      document.getElementById('impactThat').style.display = isTest ? 'block' : 'none';
      document.getElementById('impactWhich').style.display = isTest ? 'block' : 'none';
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Punctuating Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses and Phrases

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e293b;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
      padding: 12px;
      gap: 12px;
    }

    .nav-tabs {
      display: flex;
      background: #e2e8f0;
      padding: 3px;
      border-radius: 10px;
      gap: 4px;
      max-width: 480px;
      width: 100%;
    }

    .tab-btn {
      flex: 1;
      border: none;
      background: transparent;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
      border-radius: 7px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .tab-btn.active {
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #0f172a;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    }

    .cards-container {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
    }

    .rule-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 14px 16px;
      border: 2px solid transparent;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease;
      cursor: pointer;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .rule-card.dimmed {
      opacity: 0.45;
    }

    .card-orange {
      border-color: #fdba74;
      background: #fffdfa;
    }
    .card-orange.selected {
      border-color: #ea580c;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.12);
    }

    .card-cyan {
      border-color: #a5f3fc;
      background: #fcfefe;
    }
    .card-cyan.selected {
      border-color: #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12);
    }

    .card-header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }

    .pattern-label {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #64748b;
    }

    .badge {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 999px;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }

    .badge-orange {
      background: #ffedd5;
      color: #c2410c;
      border: 1px solid #fed7aa;
    }

    .badge-cyan {
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
    }

    .sentence {
      font-size: 15px;
      line-height: 1.4;
      color: #334155;
      margin-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .highlight-name {
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      background: #fef08a;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }

    .highlight-desc {
      font-style: italic;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }

    .comma-pill {
      display: inline-block;
      font-weight: 900;
      color: #0284c7;
      background: #bae6fd;
      padding: 0 4px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      margin: 0 1px;
    }

    .rule-footer {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      padding-top: 8px;
      border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
    }

    .status-tag {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
    }

    .tag-orange { color: #ea580c; }
    .tag-cyan { color: #0284c7; }

    .meaning-note {
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #64748b;
      font-weight: 500;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="nav-tabs">
    <button class="tab-btn active" data-target="all">Both Rules</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" data-target="restrictive">Restrictive</button>
    <button class="tab-btn" data-target="nonrestrictive">Nonrestrictive</button>
  </div>

  <div class="cards-container">
    
    <div class="rule-card card-orange selected" id="card-restrictive">
      <div class="card-header">
        <span class="pattern-label">General Noun + Specific Name</span>
        <span class="badge badge-orange">Restrictive</span>
      </div>
      <div class="sentence">
        The famous scientist <span class="highlight-name">Albert Einstein</span> won the Nobel Prize.
      </div>
      <div class="rule-footer">
        <span class="status-tag tag-orange">✕ No Commas</span>
        <span class="meaning-note">Identifies which scientist</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="rule-card card-cyan selected" id="card-nonrestrictive">
      <div class="card-header">
        <span class="pattern-label">Specific Name + General Description</span>
        <span class="badge badge-cyan">Nonrestrictive</span>
      </div>
      <div class="sentence">
        <span class="highlight-name">Albert Einstein</span><span class="comma-pill">,</span> <span class="highlight-desc">the famous scientist</span><span class="comma-pill">,</span> won the Nobel Prize.
      </div>
      <div class="rule-footer">
        <span class="status-tag tag-cyan">✓ Surrounded by Commas</span>
        <span class="meaning-note">Extra bonus detail</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const tabs = document.querySelectorAll('.tab-btn');
    const cardRestr = document.getElementById('card-restrictive');
    const cardNonrestr = document.getElementById('card-nonrestrictive');

    function setActiveTab(target) {
      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.target === target));

      if (target === 'restrictive') {
        cardRestr.classList.remove('dimmed');
        cardRestr.classList.add('selected');
        cardNonrestr.classList.add('dimmed');
        cardNonrestr.classList.remove('selected');
      } else if (target === 'nonrestrictive') {
        cardNonrestr.classList.remove('dimmed');
        cardNonrestr.classList.add('selected');
        cardRestr.classList.add('dimmed');
        cardRestr.classList.remove('selected');
      } else {
        cardRestr.classList.remove('dimmed');
        cardRestr.classList.add('selected');
        cardNonrestr.classList.remove('dimmed');
        cardNonrestr.classList.add('selected');
      }
    }

    tabs.forEach(tab => {
      tab.addEventListener('click', () => setActiveTab(tab.dataset.target));
    });

    cardRestr.addEventListener('click', () => setActiveTab('restrictive'));
    cardNonrestr.addEventListener('click', () => setActiveTab('nonrestrictive'));
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
    }

    body {
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e293b;
      padding: 16px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    /* Controls header */
    .toolbar {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .title-pill {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #64748b;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .cut-btn {
      background: #0ea5e9;
      color: #ffffff;
      border: none;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 7px 14px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: background 0.2s, opacity 0.2s;
    }

    .cut-btn:active {
      opacity: 0.85;
    }

    /* Card container */
    .card-list {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
    }

    .test-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 14px 16px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: box-shadow 0.2s;
    }

    .test-card:hover {
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    }

    /* Header row inside card */
    .card-header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .card-type {
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .badge {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .badge-no {
      background: #fee2e2;
      color: #dc2626;
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
    }

    .badge-yes {
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0284c7;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
    }

    /* Sentence display */
    .sentence-box {
      font-size: 16px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: #334155;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-radius: 8px;
      border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      min-height: 42px;
    }

    .clause {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-weight: 600;
      transition: all 0.35s ease;
      position: relative;
    }

    .clause-restrictive {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0f172a;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    }

    .clause-nonrestrictive {
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
      border: 1px solid #7dd3fc;
    }

    /* Cut state */
    .is-cut .clause {
      opacity: 0.25;
      text-decoration: line-through;
      transform: translateY(-2px);
      border-style: dashed;
    }

    /* Result feedback pill */
    .result-box {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
    }

    .result-neutral {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #64748b;
    }

    .result-alert {
      background: #fef2f2;
      color: #b91c1c;
      border: 1px solid #fecaca;
    }

    .result-ok {
      background: #f0fdf4;
      color: #15803d;
      border: 1px solid #bbf7d0;
    }

    .icon-badge {
      font-size: 15px;
      line-height: 1;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="toolbar">
    <div class="title-pill">✂️ Removal Test</div>
    <button id="toggleAllBtn" class="cut-btn" onclick="toggleAll()">
      <span id="btnIcon">✂️</span> <span id="btnText">Cut Clause</span>
    </button>
  </div>

  <div class="card-list">
    
    <div id="card1" class="test-card" onclick="toggleCard(1)">
      <div class="card-header">
        <div class="card-type">
          <span>Restrictive</span>
          <span style="font-weight: 400; color: #64748b; font-size: 12px;">(Essential)</span>
        </div>
        <div class="badge badge-no">NO COMMAS</div>
      </div>

      <div class="sentence-box">
        <span>Students</span>
        <span class="clause clause-restrictive" id="clause1">who study hard</span>
        <span>pass the exam.</span>
      </div>

      <div id="result1" class="result-box result-neutral">
        <span class="icon-badge">💬</span>
        <span>Tap to test clause removal</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div id="card2" class="test-card" onclick="toggleCard(2)">
      <div class="card-header">
        <div class="card-type">
          <span>Nonrestrictive</span>
          <span style="font-weight: 400; color: #64748b; font-size: 12px;">(Bonus info)</span>
        </div>
        <div class="badge badge-yes">USE COMMAS</div>
      </div>

      <div class="sentence-box">
        <span>Maya</span><span class="clause clause-nonrestrictive" id="clause2">, who studies hard,</span><span>passed the exam.</span>
      </div>

      <div id="result2" class="result-box result-neutral">
        <span class="icon-badge">💬</span>
        <span>Tap to test clause removal</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    let cut1 = false;
    let cut2 = false;

    function updateCard(num, isCut) {
      const card = document.getElementById('card' + num);
      const res = document.getElementById('result' + num);

      if (isCut) {
        card.classList.add('is-cut');
        if (num === 1) {
          res.className = 'result-box result-alert';
          res.innerHTML = '<span class="icon-badge">⚠️</span><span>Meaning broken! (Means ALL students pass)</span>';
        } else {
          res.className = 'result-box result-ok';
          res.innerHTML = '<span class="icon-badge">✓</span><span>Core identity preserved! (Bonus detail removed)</span>';
        }
      } else {
        card.classList.remove('is-cut');
        res.className = 'result-box result-neutral';
        res.innerHTML = '<span class="icon-badge">💬</span><span>Tap to test clause removal</span>';
      }
    }

    function toggleCard(num) {
      if (num === 1) {
        cut1 = !cut1;
        updateCard(1, cut1);
      } else {
        cut2 = !cut2;
        updateCard(2, cut2);
      }
      syncMainButton();
    }

    function toggleAll() {
      const target = !(cut1 && cut2);
      cut1 = target;
      cut2 = target;
      updateCard(1, cut1);
      updateCard(2, cut2);
      syncMainButton();
    }

    function syncMainButton() {
      const allCut = cut1 && cut2;
      document.getElementById('btnIcon').textContent = allCut ? '🔄' : '✂️';
      document.getElementById('btnText').textContent = allCut ? 'Restore All' : 'Cut Clauses';
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

OGE.9.L.6

Aligned learning resources

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