<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>Anatomy of a Research Question</title>
  <style>
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      flex-direction: column;
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      justify-content: space-between;
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    /* Interactive Stepper Navigation */
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      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
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      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
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      align-items: center;
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      transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s;
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    .btn-nav:hover {
      background: #e2e8f0;
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    /* The sentence display */
    .sentence-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 16px 14px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      line-height: 1.6;
      font-size: 16px;
      font-weight: 600;
      text-align: center;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      position: relative;
    }
    .phrase {
      display: inline;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: background 0.25s ease, opacity 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease;
      opacity: 0.35;
    }
    .phrase.active, .phrase.all-active {
      opacity: 1;
    }

    /* Color assignments */
    .c-stem { color: #0369a1; }
    .c-iv { color: #047857; }
    .c-dv { color: #6d28d9; }
    .c-ctx { color: #b45309; }

    .phrase.c-stem.active, .phrase.c-stem.all-active { background: #e0f2fe; color: #0369a1; }
    .phrase.c-iv.active, .phrase.c-iv.all-active { background: #d1fae5; color: #065f46; }
    .phrase.c-dv.active, .phrase.c-dv.all-active { background: #ede9fe; color: #5b21b6; }
    .phrase.c-ctx.active, .phrase.c-ctx.all-active { background: #fef3c7; color: #92400e; }

    /* Connective connector grid */
    .component-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
      gap: 10px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      flex: 1;
    }
    @media (min-width: 520px) {
      .component-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      }
    }

    .comp-box {
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      text-align: center;
      border: 2px solid transparent;
      background: #f8fafc;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
      cursor: pointer;
      opacity: 0.4;
    }
    .comp-box.active, .comp-box.all-active {
      opacity: 1;
      transform: translateY(-2px);
      box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    }

    /* Box specific accents */
    .box-stem { border-color: #bae6fd; }
    .box-stem.active, .box-stem.all-active { background: #f0f9ff; border-color: #0284c7; }

    .box-iv { border-color: #a7f3d0; }
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      text-transform: uppercase;
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      color: #fff;
    }
    .box-stem .comp-num { background: #0284c7; }
    .box-iv .comp-num { background: #059669; }
    .box-dv .comp-num { background: #7c3aed; }
    .box-ctx .comp-num { background: #d97706; }

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    }
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      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="btn-nav" id="playBtn" aria-label="Auto play">▶</button>
    <div class="tab-pills">
      <button class="tab-pill active" data-idx="0">1. Stem</button>
      <button class="tab-pill" data-idx="1">2. Variable (IV)</button>
      <button class="tab-pill" data-idx="2">3. Outcome (DV)</button>
      <button class="tab-pill" data-idx="3">4. Context</button>
      <button class="tab-pill" data-idx="all">All</button>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="sentence-card">
    “<span class="phrase c-stem active" data-idx="0">To what extent</span> does <span class="phrase c-iv" data-idx="1">algorithmic feed personalization</span> influence <span class="phrase c-dv" data-idx="2">sleep-onset latency</span> <span class="phrase c-ctx" data-idx="3">among urban high school seniors</span>?”
  </div>

  
  <div class="component-grid">
    <div class="comp-box box-stem active" data-idx="0">
      <span class="comp-num">Part 1</span>
      <div class="comp-role">Evaluative Stem</div>
      <div class="comp-sub">Degrees, not Yes/No</div>
    </div>

    <div class="comp-box box-iv" data-idx="1">
      <span class="comp-num">Part 2</span>
      <div class="comp-role">Independent Var.</div>
      <div class="comp-sub">Active Phenomenon</div>
    </div>

    <div class="comp-box box-dv" data-idx="2">
      <span class="comp-num">Part 3</span>
      <div class="comp-role">Dependent Var.</div>
      <div class="comp-sub">Measurable Outcome</div>
    </div>

    <div class="comp-box box-ctx" data-idx="3">
      <span class="comp-num">Part 4</span>
      <div class="comp-role">Bound Context</div>
      <div class="comp-sub">Target Population</div>
    </div>
  </div>

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        applyState(parseInt(box.getAttribute('data-idx'), 10));
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  </script>
</body>
</html>

Formulating Complex Research Questions and Methodologies

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
    }

    body {
      width: 100%;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    /* Filter Controls */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      gap: 6px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .filter-btn {
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #475569;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 9999px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
    }

    .filter-btn.active {
      background: #1e2945;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #1e2945;
    }

    /* Diagram Tree */
    .tree-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      position: relative;
    }

    /* Top Node */
    .root-node {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px solid #64748b;
      padding: 8px 16px;
      border-radius: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 14px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      z-index: 2;
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    }

    /* Fork Lines SVG */
    .branch-svg {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 440px;
      height: 28px;
      display: block;
      margin: -2px 0;
    }

    /* Pathways Columns */
    .pathways-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
      position: relative;
    }

    .path-col {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
    }

    .path-col.dimmed {
      opacity: 0.2;
      filter: grayscale(80%);
    }

    /* Pathway Header */
    .path-header {
      padding: 6px 10px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-align: center;
      border: 1.5px solid transparent;
    }

    /* Stage Nodes */
    .node-box {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      font-size: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 2px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
    }

    .node-label {
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    }

    .node-content {
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.3;
    }

    /* Quantitative Theme (Blue) */
    .col-quant .path-header {
      background: #eff6ff;
      color: #1d4ed8;
      border-color: #93c5fd;
    }
    .col-quant .node-box {
      border-left: 3.5px solid #2563eb;
    }
    .col-quant .node-label {
      color: #2563eb;
    }

    /* Qualitative Theme (Purple) */
    .col-qual .path-header {
      background: #f5f3ff;
      color: #6d28d9;
      border-color: #c4b5fd;
    }
    .col-qual .node-box {
      border-left: 3.5px solid #7c3aed;
    }
    .col-qual .node-label {
      color: #7c3aed;
    }

    /* Mixed Methods Bridge */
    .mixed-bridge {
      width: 100%;
      margin-top: 10px;
      background: #f0fdfa;
      border: 1.5px dashed #0d9488;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease, border-style 0.3s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
    }

    .mixed-bridge.dimmed {
      opacity: 0.2;
      filter: grayscale(80%);
    }

    .mixed-bridge.highlight {
      background: #ccfbf1;
      border-style: solid;
      border-width: 2px;
    }

    .mixed-title {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f766e;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
    }

    .mixed-desc {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #115e59;
    }

    @media (max-width: 420px) {
      .root-node { font-size: 13px; padding: 6px 12px; }
      .path-header { font-size: 12px; }
      .node-content { font-size: 11px; }
      .mixed-bridge { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 2px; }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="filter-btn active" onclick="setMode('all')">Show All</button>
    <button class="filter-btn" onclick="setMode('quant')">Quantitative</button>
    <button class="filter-btn" onclick="setMode('qual')">Qualitative</button>
    <button class="filter-btn" onclick="setMode('mixed')">Mixed</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="tree-container">
    
    
    <div class="root-node">
      <span>🎯</span> Research Question
    </div>

    
    <svg class="branch-svg" viewBox="0 0 400 30" preserveAspectRatio="none">
      <path d="M 200 0 L 200 12 L 100 12 L 100 30" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
      <path d="M 200 0 L 200 12 L 300 12 L 300 30" fill="none" stroke="#7c3aed" stroke-width="2" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
    </svg>

    
    <div class="pathways-grid">
      
      
      <div class="path-col col-quant" id="col-quant">
        <div class="path-header">📊 Quantitative</div>
        
        <div class="node-box">
          <span class="node-label">Aim</span>
          <span class="node-content">Trends & Statistics</span>
        </div>

        <div class="node-box">
          <span class="node-label">Tools</span>
          <span class="node-content">Surveys & RCTs</span>
        </div>

        <div class="node-box">
          <span class="node-label">Output</span>
          <span class="node-content">Numbers & <em>p</em>-values</span>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="path-col col-qual" id="col-qual">
        <div class="path-header">💬 Qualitative</div>

        <div class="node-box">
          <span class="node-label">Aim</span>
          <span class="node-content">Meaning & Perspective</span>
        </div>

        <div class="node-box">
          <span class="node-label">Tools</span>
          <span class="node-content">Interviews & Coding</span>
        </div>

        <div class="node-box">
          <span class="node-label">Output</span>
          <span class="node-content">Themes & Quotes</span>
        </div>
      </div>

    </div>

    
    <div class="mixed-bridge" id="mixed-bridge">
      <div class="mixed-title">
        <span>🔄</span> Mixed Methods
      </div>
      <div class="mixed-desc">
        Bridges Scale + Depth
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>

  <script>
    function setMode(mode) {
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      const qual = document.getElementById('col-qual');
      const mixed = document.getElementById('mixed-bridge');
      const btns = document.querySelectorAll('.filter-btn');

      btns.forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));

      if (mode === 'all') {
        btns[0].classList.add('active');
        quant.classList.remove('dimmed');
        qual.classList.remove('dimmed');
        mixed.classList.remove('dimmed', 'highlight');
      } else if (mode === 'quant') {
        btns[1].classList.add('active');
        quant.classList.remove('dimmed');
        qual.classList.add('dimmed');
        mixed.classList.add('dimmed');
        mixed.classList.remove('highlight');
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        btns[2].classList.add('active');
        quant.classList.add('dimmed');
        qual.classList.remove('dimmed');
        mixed.classList.add('dimmed');
        mixed.classList.remove('highlight');
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        btns[3].classList.add('active');
        quant.classList.remove('dimmed');
        qual.classList.remove('dimmed');
        mixed.classList.remove('dimmed');
        mixed.classList.add('highlight');
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
    }
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 10px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 620px;
      margin: 0 auto;
    }
    .gap-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 12px 14px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: space-between;
      transition: border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease, background-color 0.25s ease;
      position: relative;
      user-select: none;
    }
    .gap-card:hover, .gap-card.active {
      border-color: #22b7ff;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #22b7ff, 0 4px 14px rgba(34, 183, 255, 0.16);
      background: #fdfefe;
    }
    .card-top {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }
    .icon-badge {
      width: 32px;
      height: 32px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      font-size: 16px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      background: #f1f5f9;
    }
    .gap-card:hover .icon-badge, .gap-card.active .icon-badge {
      background: #e0f2fe;
    }
    .card-title {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      line-height: 1.25;
      color: #0f172a;
    }
    .formula-tag {
      display: inline-block;
      align-self: flex-start;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #0284c7;
      background: #f0f9ff;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
      border-radius: 5px;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }
    .example-text {
      font-size: 12px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #475569;
    }
    .example-text strong {
      color: #1e2945;
    }
    @media (max-width: 420px) {
      body {
        padding: 8px;
      }
      .grid {
        gap: 8px;
      }
      .gap-card {
        padding: 10px 10px;
      }
      .card-title {
        font-size: 12px;
      }
      .formula-tag {
        font-size: 10px;
        padding: 1px 5px;
      }
      .example-text {
        font-size: 11px;
        line-height: 1.3;
      }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="gap-card" tabindex="0">
      <div>
        <div class="card-top">
          <div class="icon-badge">👥</div>
          <div class="card-title">Population / Context Gap</div>
        </div>
        <div class="formula-tag">Known Theory + New Setting</div>
      </div>
      <div class="example-text">
        Testing sleep deprivation models on <strong>night-shift nurses</strong> instead of college students.
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="gap-card" tabindex="0">
      <div>
        <div class="card-top">
          <div class="icon-badge">🔬</div>
          <div class="card-title">Methodological Gap</div>
        </div>
        <div class="formula-tag">Old Question + Modern Tool</div>
      </div>
      <div class="example-text">
        Re-evaluating 1970s linguistic surveys using <strong>large-scale AI text analysis</strong>.
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          <div class="icon-badge">⚡</div>
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        <div class="formula-tag">Study A (↑) vs Study B (↓)</div>
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        Reconciling why remote work <strong>boosts</strong> output in tech but <strong>lowers</strong> it in finance.
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          <div class="card-title">Emerging Phenomenon</div>
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        <div class="formula-tag">Novel Event + Zero Baseline</div>
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        Examining copyright ethics surrounding <strong>generative AI training datasets</strong>.
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Scoping, Broadening, and Narrowing Research Investigations

Synthesizing Information Across Multiple Authoritative Sources

Reconciling Contradictory Findings and Methodological Tensions

Writing a Systematic Literature Review

Integrating Primary Archival Data with Secondary Scholarship

Sustained Inquiry, Methodological Frameworks, and Source Synthesis

Drawing Evidence From Texts to Support Analysis and Reflection

Matching Research Questions With Appropriate Source Types

Following Chicago and APA Citation Standards in Social Sciences

Evaluating Conflicting Source Accounts of Major Historical Events

Conducting a Historical Investigation Into Iowa's Social Movements

Synthesizing Quantitative Economic Data With Qualitative History

Auditing Research Drafts for Academic Integrity and Attribution

social-studies

Advanced Historical Investigation and Disciplinary Citation (Grades 9-10)

Conducting Short Research Projects Across Disciplines

Conducting Sustained Research Projects

Generating Self-Directed Research Questions

Narrowing or Broadening Your Inquiry When Appropriate

Synthesizing Multiple Sources on a Research Subject

Demonstrating Understanding Through Research Writing

Planning and Conducting Research Projects

Formulating Complex Multi-Variable Historical Theses

Developing Claims and Counterclaims Thoroughly in Scholarly Prose

Pointing Out the Strengths and Limitations of Diverse Historical Models

Anticipating Scholarly Audience Biases and Counter-Perspectives

Establishing Logical Sequences and Hierarchies Among Claims

Using Subtle Transitions to Link Major Disciplinary Arguments

Drawing Evidence From Informational Texts to Support Analysis

Maintaining an Academic Tone in Controversial Civic Debates

Writing Conclusions That Articulate Philosophical and Civic Legacies

Advanced Scholarly Essay Structure and Rhetorical Craft (Grades 11-12)

Integrating Information Selectively to Maintain Flow of Ideas

Avoiding Plagiarism and Overreliance on Any One Source

Following a Standard Format for Citation

Drawing Evidence From Informational Texts to Support Research

Quoting From Informational Texts to Support Analysis

Integrating Evidence and Citing Sources in Research Writing

Conducting Sustained Scholarly Research Projects to Solve Complex Problems

Narrowing or Broadening Scholarly Inquiry Questions Dynamically

Gathering Relevant Information From Authoritative Print Sources

Gathering Relevant Information From Print and Digital Sources

Assessing Strengths and Limitations of Primary and Secondary Sources

Identifying Subtle Biases and Ideological Framing in Historical Sources

Scholarly Research Inquiry and Critical Source Evaluation (Grades 11-12)

Integrating Information Selectively to Maintain the Flow of Ideas

Avoiding Overreliance on Any One Source in Historical Synthesis

Using Multiple Sources to Address a Question or Solve a Problem

Mastering Chicago-Style Notes and Bibliography Citation Systems

Conducting Advanced Archival Research in Iowa's State Historical Collections

Synthesizing Conflicting Economic Theories and Empirical Studies

Writing Over Extended Time Frames With Reflection

Information Synthesis, Academic Citation, and Extended Research Writing (Grades 11-12)

Synthesizing Documentary Evidence to Analyze Constitutional Precedents

Extracting Quantitative Data From Economic Reports to Support Policy Analysis

Using Primary Source Evidence for Historiographical Reflection and Critique

Drawing Evidence From Historical Treaties and Legislative Acts in Iowa History

Corroborating Discrepant Informational Texts to Resolve Historical Paradoxes

Integrating Geographic and Spatial Data to Substantiate Human Migration Claims

Analyzing Ideological Biases in Archival Informational Records

Drafting Evidence-Based Scholarly Reflections on Historical Change and Continuity

Drawing Disciplinary Evidence for Analysis, Reflection, and Research (Grades 11-12)

OGE.13.W.5

OGE.13.W.5

Aligned learning resources

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