<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
    }

    body {
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e293b;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    /* Columns Grid */
    .grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 10px;
    }

    @media (max-width: 480px) {
      .grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      }
    }

    .column {
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    }

    .deriv {
      border-top: 4px solid #6366f1;
    }

    .infl {
      border-top: 4px solid #0d9488;
    }

    .col-header {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .title {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }

    .deriv .title { color: #4338ca; }
    .infl .title { color: #0f766e; }

    /* Trait Pills */
    .traits {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 4px;
    }

    .trait-tag {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 2px 7px;
      border-radius: 999px;
    }

    .deriv .trait-tag {
      background: #e0e7ff;
      color: #3730a3;
    }

    .infl .trait-tag {
      background: #ccfbf1;
      color: #115e59;
    }

    /* Transform Row */
    .transform-list {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 6px;
      margin-top: 4px;
    }

    .word-row {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 6px 10px;
      font-size: 13px;
    }

    .base-part, .result-part {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      font-weight: 600;
    }

    .arrow {
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 13px;
    }

    /* POS Badges */
    .pos {
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 1px 5px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .pos-v { background: #fef3c7; color: #92400e; }
    .pos-n { background: #dbeafe; color: #1e40af; }
    .pos-adj { background: #fce7f3; color: #9d174d; }

    .suffix-deriv {
      color: #4f46e5;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .suffix-infl {
      color: #0d9488;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    /* Structural Layer Diagram */
    .layer-box {
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .layer-title {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #64748b;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .onion-layers {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 4px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .layer-step {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 5px;
      padding: 5px 9px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
    }

    .layer-root {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #334155;
      border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
    }

    .layer-deriv {
      background: #e0e7ff;
      color: #4338ca;
      border: 1px solid #c7d2fe;
    }

    .layer-infl {
      background: #ccfbf1;
      color: #0f766e;
      border: 1px solid #99f6e4;
    }

    .step-arrow {
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 11px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="grid">
    
    <div class="column deriv">
      <div class="col-header">
        <span class="title">✦ Derivational</span>
      </div>
      <div class="traits">
        <span class="trait-tag">Changes Category</span>
        <span class="trait-tag">Inner Layer</span>
      </div>
      <div class="transform-list">
        <div class="word-row">
          <div class="base-part">
            <span>bake</span>
            <span class="pos pos-v">V</span>
          </div>
          <span class="arrow">→</span>
          <div class="result-part">
            <span>bake<span class="suffix-deriv">r</span></span>
            <span class="pos pos-n">N</span>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="word-row">
          <div class="base-part">
            <span>dark</span>
            <span class="pos pos-adj">Adj</span>
          </div>
          <span class="arrow">→</span>
          <div class="result-part">
            <span>dark<span class="suffix-deriv">ness</span></span>
            <span class="pos pos-n">N</span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="column infl">
      <div class="col-header">
        <span class="title">✦ Inflectional</span>
      </div>
      <div class="traits">
        <span class="trait-tag">Preserves Category</span>
        <span class="trait-tag">Outer Layer</span>
      </div>
      <div class="transform-list">
        <div class="word-row">
          <div class="base-part">
            <span>bake</span>
            <span class="pos pos-v">V</span>
          </div>
          <span class="arrow">→</span>
          <div class="result-part">
            <span>bak<span class="suffix-infl">ed</span></span>
            <span class="pos pos-v">V</span>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="word-row">
          <div class="base-part">
            <span>dog</span>
            <span class="pos pos-n">N</span>
          </div>
          <span class="arrow">→</span>
          <div class="result-part">
            <span>dog<span class="suffix-infl">s</span></span>
            <span class="pos pos-n">N</span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  
  <div class="layer-box">
    <div class="layer-title">Layering Order Inside Words</div>
    <div class="onion-layers">
      <div class="layer-step layer-root">
        <span>Root: <b>bake</b></span>
      </div>
      <span class="step-arrow">→</span>
      <div class="layer-step layer-deriv">
        <span>Inner: <b>bake-er</b></span>
      </div>
      <span class="step-arrow">→</span>
      <div class="layer-step layer-infl">
        <span>Outer: <b>baker-s</b></span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

Inflectional and Derivational Morphology in Complex Word Formation

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>Morphological Derivation Tree</title>
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e293b;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      min-height: 100%;
      padding: 10px;
      user-select: none;
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    .header-bar {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
    }

    .title-pill {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    }

    .rule-tag {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0284c7;
      border: 1px solid #bae6fd;
    }

    .tree-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
      flex: 1;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      position: relative;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      max-height: 340px;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* SVG Node transitions */
    .tree-branch {
      stroke: #cbd5e1;
      stroke-width: 2;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      transition: stroke 0.3s ease, stroke-width 0.3s ease, opacity 0.3s ease;
    }
    .tree-branch.active-branch {
      stroke: #0284c7;
      stroke-width: 2.5;
    }
    .tree-branch.inactive {
      opacity: 0.15;
    }

    .tree-node {
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
      cursor: default;
    }
    .tree-node.inactive {
      opacity: 0.15;
    }

    .badge-bg {
      transition: fill 0.3s ease, stroke 0.3s ease, filter 0.3s ease;
    }

    .badge-noun { fill: #eff6ff; stroke: #3b82f6; }
    .badge-adj  { fill: #ecfdf5; stroke: #10b981; }
    .badge-verb { fill: #fffbeb; stroke: #f59e0b; }
    .badge-leaf { fill: #f8fafc; stroke: #94a3b8; }

    .badge-head {
      filter: drop-shadow(0 2px 4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25));
    }

    .label-cat {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 800;
      text-anchor: middle;
      dominant-baseline: central;
    }
    .cat-noun { fill: #1d4ed8; }
    .cat-adj  { fill: #047857; }
    .cat-verb { fill: #b45309; }

    .label-morpheme {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
      font-weight: 600;
      fill: #334155;
      text-anchor: middle;
      dominant-baseline: central;
    }

    .controls {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 540px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-top: 4px;
      padding-top: 6px;
      border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    }

    .btn-group {
      display: flex;
      gap: 4px;
    }

    .step-btn {
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #64748b;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 9px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: background 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
    }
    .step-btn:hover {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #0f172a;
    }
    .step-btn.active {
      background: #0284c7;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #0284c7;
    }

    .play-btn {
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #0f172a;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 5px 12px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .play-btn:hover {
      background: #f1f5f9;
    }

    .rhr-indicator {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #475569;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
    }
    .rhr-dot {
      width: 8px;
      height: 8px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: #0284c7;
      display: inline-block;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="header-bar">
    <div class="title-pill">Morphological Hierarchy</div>
    <div class="rule-tag">Right-Hand Head Rule</div>
  </div>

  <div class="tree-container">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 440 340" id="treeSvg">
      
      
      <line id="b-term-nation" class="tree-branch" x1="50" y1="280" x2="50" y2="310" />
      <line id="b-term-al" class="tree-branch" x1="130" y1="280" x2="130" y2="310" />
      <line id="b-m1-l" class="tree-branch" x1="90" y1="220" x2="50" y2="260" />
      <line id="b-m1-r" class="tree-branch" x1="90" y1="220" x2="130" y2="260" />

      
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      <line id="b-m4-l" class="tree-branch" x1="295" y1="35" x2="220" y2="80" />
      <line id="b-m4-r" class="tree-branch" x1="295" y1="35" x2="370" y2="80" />

      
      <g id="node-t-nation" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="20" y="306" width="60" height="26" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-leaf" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="50" y="320" class="label-morpheme">nation</text>
      </g>

      <g id="node-t-al" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="105" y="306" width="50" height="26" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-leaf" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="130" y="320" class="label-morpheme">-al</text>
      </g>

      <g id="node-t-ize" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="185" y="306" width="50" height="26" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-leaf" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="210" y="320" class="label-morpheme">-ize</text>
      </g>

      <g id="node-t-ation" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="260" y="306" width="60" height="26" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-leaf" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="290" y="320" class="label-morpheme">-ation</text>
      </g>

      <g id="node-t-s" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="350" y="306" width="40" height="26" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-leaf" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="370" y="320" class="label-morpheme">-s</text>
      </g>

      
      
      <g id="node-c-nation" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="34" y="258" width="32" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-noun" stroke-width="1.5"/>
        <text x="50" y="271" class="label-cat cat-noun">N</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-c-al" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="110" y="258" width="40" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-adj badge-head" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text x="130" y="271" class="label-cat cat-adj">Adj</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-m1" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="70" y="198" width="40" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-adj" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text x="90" y="211" class="label-cat cat-adj">Adj</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-c-ize" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="194" y="198" width="32" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-verb badge-head" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text x="210" y="211" class="label-cat cat-verb">V</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-m2" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="134" y="138" width="32" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-verb" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text x="150" y="151" class="label-cat cat-verb">V</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-c-ation" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="274" y="138" width="32" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-noun badge-head" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text x="290" y="151" class="label-cat cat-noun">N</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-m3" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="204" y="78" width="32" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-noun" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text x="220" y="91" class="label-cat cat-noun">N</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-c-s" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="354" y="78" width="32" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-noun badge-head" stroke-width="2"/>
        <text x="370" y="91" class="label-cat cat-noun">N</text>
      </g>

      
      <g id="node-m4" class="tree-node">
        <rect x="279" y="13" width="32" height="24" rx="6" class="badge-bg badge-noun" stroke-width="2.5"/>
        <text x="295" y="26" class="label-cat cat-noun">N</text>
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>

  <div class="controls">
    <div class="btn-group">
      <button class="step-btn active" data-step="0">1. Root</button>
      <button class="step-btn" data-step="1">2. +al</button>
      <button class="step-btn" data-step="2">3. +ize</button>
      <button class="step-btn" data-step="3">4. +ation</button>
      <button class="step-btn" data-step="4">5. +s</button>
    </div>

    <div class="rhr-indicator">
      <span class="rhr-dot"></span>
      <span id="stepLabel">Base noun</span>
    </div>

    <button id="playBtn" class="play-btn" aria-label="Toggle auto-play">
      <span id="playIcon">⏸</span>
    </button>
  </div>

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    document.querySelectorAll('.step-btn').forEach(btn => {
      btn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
        const step = parseInt(e.target.dataset.step, 10);
        renderStep(step);
        stopAutoPlay();
      });
    });

    document.getElementById('playBtn').addEventListener('click', () => {
      if (isPlaying) {
        stopAutoPlay();
      } else {
        startAutoPlay();
      }
    });

    // Initialize
    renderStep(0);
    startAutoPlay();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: transparent;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 10px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .controls {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 10px;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .step-btn {
      background: #f1f5f9;
      border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
      color: #475569;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }

    .step-btn.active {
      background: #2563eb;
      border-color: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(37,99,235,0.25);
    }

    .trees-grid {
      display: flex;
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 660px;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .tree-card {
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 0;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 10px 8px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
    }

    .tree-card:hover {
      border-color: #94a3b8;
    }

    .tree-card.active-tree {
      border-color: #2563eb;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(37,99,235,0.15);
      background: #ffffff;
    }

    .meaning-badge {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0f172a;
      text-align: center;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
      line-height: 1.2;
    }

    .bracket-label {
      font-family: ui-monospace, monospace;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      font-weight: 600;
    }

    .svg-wrap {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 280px;
      aspect-ratio: 200 / 155;
    }

    svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      display: block;
      overflow: visible;
    }

    /* Tree SVG Styles */
    .branch {
      stroke: #cbd5e1;
      stroke-width: 2.5;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      transition: stroke 0.3s ease, stroke-width 0.3s ease;
    }

    .node-pill {
      fill: #ffffff;
      stroke: #94a3b8;
      stroke-width: 1.5;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }

    .node-text {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      fill: #1e2945;
      text-anchor: middle;
      dominant-baseline: central;
      font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
    }

    .leaf-text {
      font-size: 12.5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      fill: #334155;
      text-anchor: middle;
      dominant-baseline: central;
      font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
    }

    .pos-tag {
      font-size: 10px;
      fill: #64748b;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    /* Active Highlight States */
    .hl-s1 .branch-1 {
      stroke: #0284c7;
      stroke-width: 3.5;
    }
    .hl-s1 .node-s1 {
      fill: #e0f2fe;
      stroke: #0284c7;
      stroke-width: 2;
    }
    .hl-s1 .leaf-s1 {
      fill: #0369a1;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .hl-s2 .branch-2 {
      stroke: #16a34a;
      stroke-width: 3.5;
    }
    .hl-s2 .node-s2 {
      fill: #dcfce7;
      stroke: #16a34a;
      stroke-width: 2;
    }
    .hl-s2 .leaf-s2 {
      fill: #15803d;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .step-tag {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 10px;
      margin-top: 6px;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      color: #64748b;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    .hl-s1 .step-tag {
      background: #e0f2fe;
      color: #0369a1;
    }
    .hl-s2 .step-tag {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #15803d;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="controls">
    <button class="step-btn" id="btn1" onclick="setStep(1)">Step 1</button>
    <button class="step-btn" id="btn2" onclick="setStep(2)">Step 2</button>
    <button class="step-btn" id="btnAll" onclick="setStep(3)">Full Word</button>
  </div>

  <div class="trees-grid">
    
    <div class="tree-card active-tree" id="cardA" onclick="focusCard('A')">
      <div class="meaning-badge">"Able to be unlocked"</div>
      <div class="bracket-label">[[un- lock] -able]</div>
      <div class="svg-wrap">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 200 155" id="svgA">
          
          <line class="branch branch-2" x1="100" y1="20" x2="65" y2="70" />
          <line class="branch branch-2" x1="100" y1="20" x2="160" y2="135" />

          
          <line class="branch branch-1" x1="65" y1="70" x2="35" y2="135" />
          <line class="branch branch-1" x1="65" y1="70" x2="95" y2="135" />

          
          <rect class="node-pill node-s2" x="78" y="8" width="44" height="24" rx="12" />
          <text class="node-text" x="100" y="20">Adj</text>

          
          <rect class="node-pill node-s1" x="47" y="58" width="36" height="24" rx="12" />
          <text class="node-text" x="65" y="70">V</text>

          
          <text class="leaf-text leaf-s1" x="35" y="138">un-</text>
          <text class="leaf-text leaf-s1" x="95" y="138">lock <tspan class="pos-tag">(V)</tspan></text>
          <text class="leaf-text leaf-s2" x="160" y="138">-able</text>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="step-tag" id="tagA">1st: un- + lock (V)</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="tree-card" id="cardB" onclick="focusCard('B')">
      <div class="meaning-badge">"Cannot be locked"</div>
      <div class="bracket-label">[un- [lock -able]]</div>
      <div class="svg-wrap">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 200 155" id="svgB">
          
          <line class="branch branch-2" x1="100" y1="20" x2="40" y2="135" />
          <line class="branch branch-2" x1="100" y1="20" x2="135" y2="70" />

          
          <line class="branch branch-1" x1="135" y1="70" x2="105" y2="135" />
          <line class="branch branch-1" x1="135" y1="70" x2="165" y2="135" />

          
          <rect class="node-pill node-s2" x="78" y="8" width="44" height="24" rx="12" />
          <text class="node-text" x="100" y="20">Adj</text>

          
          <rect class="node-pill node-s1" x="115" y="58" width="40" height="24" rx="12" />
          <text class="node-text" x="135" y="70">Adj</text>

          
          <text class="leaf-text leaf-s2" x="40" y="138">un-</text>
          <text class="leaf-text leaf-s1" x="105" y="138">lock <tspan class="pos-tag">(V)</tspan></text>
          <text class="leaf-text leaf-s1" x="165" y="138">-able</text>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="step-tag" id="tagB">1st: lock + -able</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    let currentStep = 1;

    function setStep(step) {
      currentStep = step;

      // Update button styles
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      document.getElementById('btn2').classList.toggle('active', step === 2);
      document.getElementById('btnAll').classList.toggle('active', step === 3);

      const cardA = document.getElementById('cardA');
      const cardB = document.getElementById('cardB');
      const tagA = document.getElementById('tagA');
      const tagB = document.getElementById('tagB');

      cardA.classList.remove('hl-s1', 'hl-s2');
      cardB.classList.remove('hl-s1', 'hl-s2');

      if (step === 1) {
        cardA.classList.add('hl-s1');
        cardB.classList.add('hl-s1');
        tagA.textContent = '1: un- + lock (V)';
        tagB.textContent = '1: lock + -able';
      } else if (step === 2) {
        cardA.classList.add('hl-s2');
        cardB.classList.add('hl-s2');
        tagA.textContent = '2: unlock (V) + -able';
        tagB.textContent = '2: un- + lockable (Adj)';
      } else {
        cardA.classList.add('hl-s1', 'hl-s2');
        cardB.classList.add('hl-s1', 'hl-s2');
        tagA.textContent = 'Adjective (Reversive)';
        tagB.textContent = 'Adjective (Negative)';
      }
    }

    function focusCard(card) {
      document.getElementById('cardA').classList.toggle('active-tree', card === 'A');
      document.getElementById('cardB').classList.toggle('active-tree', card === 'B');
      setStep((currentStep % 3) + 1);
    }

    // Auto-cycle gently on load
    let autoTimer = setInterval(() => {
      setStep((currentStep % 3) + 1);
    }, 3200);

    // Stop auto-cycling on user click
    document.body.addEventListener('pointerdown', () => {
      clearInterval(autoTimer);
    }, { once: true });

    // Initial state
    setStep(1);
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    .header-word {
      font-size: 26px;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #1e2945;
      text-align: center;
      margin-bottom: 4px;
    }

    .sub-hint {
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-bottom: 14px;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .morphemes-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      margin-bottom: 16px;
    }

    @media (max-width: 440px) {
      .morphemes-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 6px;
      }
      .header-word {
        font-size: 22px;
      }
    }

    .m-block {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px 6px;
      text-align: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      user-select: none;
      transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s, background-color 0.2s;
    }

    .m-block:active {
      opacity: 0.9;
    }

    .m-block.active {
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #1e2945;
    }

    .m-prefix.active { background: #ecfeff; border-color: #06b6d4; }
    .m-root.active { background: #eef2ff; border-color: #6366f1; }
    .m-suf1.active { background: #f0fdf4; border-color: #22c55e; }
    .m-suf2.active { background: #faf5ff; border-color: #a855f7; }

    .m-part {
      font-size: 18px;
      font-weight: 700;
      display: block;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
    }
    .m-prefix .m-part { color: #0891b2; }
    .m-root .m-part { color: #4f46e5; }
    .m-suf1 .m-part { color: #16a34a; }
    .m-suf2 .m-part { color: #9333ea; }

    .m-cat {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.3px;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
    }

    .m-role {
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #475569;
      font-weight: 500;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }

    /* Detail Card (Fixed Height to avoid CLS) */
    .detail-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      height: 100px;
      position: relative;
    }

    .detail-card {
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 12px 16px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: center;
      opacity: 0;
      pointer-events: none;
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
    }

    .detail-card.active {
      opacity: 1;
      pointer-events: auto;
    }

    .card-top {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      margin-bottom: 6px;
    }

    .tag-badge {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
    }
    .tag-prefix { background: #cffafe; color: #0e7490; }
    .tag-root { background: #e0e7ff; color: #3730a3; }
    .tag-suf1 { background: #dcfce7; color: #166534; }
    .tag-suf2 { background: #f3e8ff; color: #6b21a8; }

    .card-effect {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e2945;
    }

    .card-desc {
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #475569;
      line-height: 1.4;
    }

    .derivation-bar {
      margin-top: 14px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      background: #f1f5f9;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #334155;
      font-weight: 600;
    }

    .step-item {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
    }
    .arrow {
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 11px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="header-word">unfriendliness</div>
  <div class="sub-hint">Tap any morpheme to inspect its role</div>

  <div class="morphemes-grid">
    <div class="m-block m-prefix" data-idx="0">
      <span class="m-part">un-</span>
      <span class="m-cat">Prefix</span>
      <span class="m-role">Negative / Not</span>
    </div>

    <div class="m-block m-root active" data-idx="1">
      <span class="m-part">friend</span>
      <span class="m-cat">Root</span>
      <span class="m-role">Base Noun</span>
    </div>

    <div class="m-block m-suf1" data-idx="2">
      <span class="m-part">-li- <span style="font-weight:400;font-size:12px;">(-ly)</span></span>
      <span class="m-cat">Suffix</span>
      <span class="m-role">Noun → Adj</span>
    </div>

    <div class="m-block m-suf2" data-idx="3">
      <span class="m-part">-ness</span>
      <span class="m-cat">Suffix</span>
      <span class="m-role">Adj → Noun</span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="detail-container">
    
    <div class="detail-card" id="card-0">
      <div class="card-top">
        <span class="tag-badge tag-prefix">Derivational Prefix</span>
        <span class="card-effect">friendly (Adj) → unfriendly (Adj)</span>
      </div>
      <div class="card-desc">Reverses polarity ("not friendly"). Modifies meaning without changing the word class.</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="detail-card active" id="card-1">
      <div class="card-top">
        <span class="tag-badge tag-root">Free Base Morpheme</span>
        <span class="card-effect">Core Root (Noun)</span>
      </div>
      <div class="card-desc">The standalone base meaning "a companion". All affixes attach to this foundation.</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="detail-card" id="card-2">
      <div class="card-top">
        <span class="tag-badge tag-suf1">Derivational Suffix</span>
        <span class="card-effect">friend (Noun) → friendly (Adj)</span>
      </div>
      <div class="card-desc">Spelled <i>-li-</i> before another suffix. Changes word class from Noun to Adjective.</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="detail-card" id="card-3">
      <div class="card-top">
        <span class="tag-badge tag-suf2">Derivational Suffix</span>
        <span class="card-effect">unfriendly (Adj) → unfriendliness (Noun)</span>
      </div>
      <div class="card-desc">Creates an abstract noun expressing the state or quality of being unfriendly.</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="derivation-bar">
    <div class="step-item"><span>friend</span> <span style="font-weight:400;color:#64748b;">(N)</span></div>
    <span class="arrow">→</span>
    <div class="step-item"><span>friendly</span> <span style="font-weight:400;color:#64748b;">(Adj)</span></div>
    <span class="arrow">→</span>
    <div class="step-item"><span>unfriendly</span> <span style="font-weight:400;color:#64748b;">(Adj)</span></div>
    <span class="arrow">→</span>
    <div class="step-item"><span style="color:#0f172a;">unfriendliness</span> <span style="font-weight:400;color:#64748b;">(N)</span></div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const blocks = document.querySelectorAll('.m-block');
    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.detail-card');

    blocks.forEach(block => {
      block.addEventListener('click', () => {
        const idx = block.getAttribute('data-idx');
        
        blocks.forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));
        cards.forEach(c => c.classList.remove('active'));

        block.classList.add('active');
        const activeCard = document.getElementById('card-' + idx);
        if (activeCard) activeCard.classList.add('active');
      });
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Introduction to the Integrated Linguistic and Literary Toolkit

Phonetics and Phonology: Analysing Speech Sounds

Prosodic Features in Spoken and Written Texts

Sound Iconicity and Phonological Patterning

Lexical Classification: Open and Closed Word Classes

Morphology and Etymology: Word Formation Processes

Denotation, Connotation, and Lexical Fields

Lexical Semantics: Synonymy, Antonymy, and Hyponymy

Figurative Language: Metaphor, Metonymy, and Synecdoche

Language Levels: Phonology, Lexis, and Semantics

La oración compuesta: coordinación y yuxtaposición

Oraciones subordinadas sustantivas y sus funciones

Oraciones subordinadas adjetivas: explicativas y especificativas

Pronombres relativos complejos: el cual, cuyo y quien

Oraciones subordinadas adverbiales de tiempo, lugar y modo

Subordinadas causales, finales e ilativas

Subordinadas condicionales y concesivas en la argumentación

Uso del subjuntivo en estructuras de duda, deseo y posibilidad

Correlación temporal y concordancia de tiempos verbales

Oraciones compuestas y subordinadas: estructura y relaciones

Formas no personales del verbo: infinitivo, gerundio y participio

Voz pasiva perifrástica y pasiva refleja

Estructuras paralelas y paralelismo sintáctico

Modificadores desplazados y anfibologías sintácticas

Queísmo y dequeísmo: norma y corrección

Estilística y corrección sintáctica avanzada

Phrase-Level Grammar: Noun, Verb, and Prepositional Phrases

Clause Elements and Transitivity Systems

Sentence Types and Syntactic Structures

Voice and Agency: Active, Passive, and Middle Voice

Tense, Aspect, and Modality in Textual Construction

Cohesion and Coherence: Grammatical and Lexical Ties

Register and Formality: Analysing Tenor and Mode

Synthesising Language Levels in Micro-Analysis

Understanding How Purposeful Language Shapes Meaning

Language Levels: Grammar, Syntax, and Discourse

Word Classes: Open and Closed Lexical Categories

Denotation, Connotation, and Semantic Fields

Sense Relations: Synonymy, Antonymy, Hyponymy, and Meronymy

Collocation, Idiom, and Lexical Priming

Word-Formation Processes: Derivation, Compounding, and Blending

Metaphor, Metonymy, and Conceptual Metaphor Theory

Etymology and Lexical Borrowing: Latinate versus Anglo-Saxon Lexis

Lexical Density, Formality, and Register Variation

Linguistic Frameworks: Lexis and Semantics

Morphemes: Inflectional and Derivational Morphology

Noun Phrases and Pre- and Post-Modification

Verb Phrases: Tense, Aspect, Voice, and Modality

Prepositional, Adverbial, and Adjectival Phrases

Clause Elements: Subject, Verb, Object, Complement, and Adverbial

Clause Types: Main, Subordinate, Relative, and Non-Finite Clauses

Sentence Structures: Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex

Sentence Moods: Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamative

Information Packaging: Fronting, Cleft Sentences, and Passivisation

Linguistic Frameworks: Grammar and Morphology

El punto y coma en oraciones complejas y yuxtapuestas

Los dos puntos en citas, explicaciones y conclusiones

La raya, los paréntesis y los corchetes como incisos

Comillas latinas, inglesas y simples: jerarquía tipográfica

Signos de puntuación delimitadores en textos complejos

Phrase Structure Rules, Constituency Tests, and Tree Diagrams

Clause Architecture: Subordination, Coordination, and Information Flow

Analyzing Syntax in Complex Texts for Deeper Understanding

Syntactic Stylistics: Fronting, Inversion, and Cleft Constructions

Structural Ambiguity and Transformational Syntactic Analysis

Theoretical Syntax, Clause Architecture, and Morphological Systems

Pre-Verbal Communication and Early Phonology: Cooing, Babbling, and Phonemic Expansion

Phonological Simplification Processes in Early Speech

Lexical and Semantic Development: Holophrastic Stage and Vocabulary Spurt

Semantic Errors: Overextension, Underextension, and Categorical Relations

Syntactic Milestones: Two-Word, Telegraphic, and Post-Telegraphic Stages

Morphological Acquisition: Brown's Stages and Berko's Wug Test

Pragmatic Development: Halliday's Functions and Conversational Skills

Theoretical Approaches to CLA: Nativist, Behaviourist, and Interactionist Models

Child-Directed Speech: Features and Debates on Caregiver Input

Child Language Acquisition: Spoken Development

Eliminación de la redundancia y pleonasmos en la prosa académica

Adecuación del registro formal y eliminación de coloquialismos

El principio de coherencia global: unidad temática del texto

Protocolo de autocorrección y revisión entre pares

Edición de estilo y autocorrección de textos académicos

Emergent Literacy and Reading Development: Phonics versus Whole Word

Graphological Development: Letter Formation and Directionality

Orthographic Development and Spelling Stages: Gentry's Model

Phonetic and Visual Spelling Errors: Overgeneralisation and Omission

Stages of Writing Development: Kroll's Model and Syntactic Growth

Genres and Functions of Children's Writing: Britton and Rothery

Analysing Children's Written Data: Systematic Framework Application

Child Language Acquisition: Literacy and Written Development

Raíces griegas en el léxico científico y filosófico

Raíces latinas en el léxico humanístico y jurídico

Prefijos y sufijos cultos y su valor transformador

Etimología grecolatina y formación de palabras cultas

Accent versus Dialect and Received Pronunciation (RP)

Phonological Variation Across the UK: Isoglosses and Vowel Splits

Dialectal Grammar and Morphosyntactic Variation in the British Isles

Trudgill's Norwich Study and Social Class Stratification

Dialect Levelling and Estuary English: Kerswill and Rosewarne

Multicultural London English (MLE) and Urban Youth Dialects

Language Attitudes Towards Accents: Matched-Guise Technique and Giles

Prescriptivism versus Descriptivism in Regional Language Debates

Language Diversity: Accents, Dialects, and Regional Variation

Estrategias de clave de contexto para términos desconocidos

Denotación, connotación y carga ideológica del léxico

Sinonimia conceptual: matices semánticos y precisión

Antonimia gradual, complementaria y recíproca

Polisemia, homonimia y ambigüedad léxica

Campos semánticos y redes conceptuales en el texto

Relaciones semánticas y precisión léxica en textos académicos

Multimodal Text Analysis: Visual Grammar and Typography

Advertising and Promotional Texts: Semiotics and Persuasion

Digital and Online Discourse: Blogs, Forums, and Reviews

Historical Non-Fiction: Evaluating Texts Across Time

Satire, Parody, and Irony in Non-Fiction

Science and Nature Writing: Blending Rigour with Lyricism

Political Manifestos and Pamphlets: Discursive Strategies

Multimodal and Persuasive Discourse Analysis

Conectores discursivos: estructuradores y contraargumentativos

Latinismos y locuciones latinas de uso académico

Neologismos, extranjerismos y préstamos lingüísticos

El lenguaje metafórico en la construcción del pensamiento teórico

Recursos discursivos del lenguaje académico

Instrumental versus Influential Power: Fairclough and Wareing

Critical Discourse Analysis: Synthetic Personalisation and Ideology

Occupational Jargon and Registers: Swales and Discourse Communities

Workplace Interaction: Koester, Drew, and Heritage on Institutional Talk

Legal and Bureaucratic Language: Legalese and Plain English Campaigns

Political Rhetoric and Spin: Persuasive Mechanisms and Framing

Doctor-Patient Interaction and Asymmetrical Power Relationships

Language, Power, and Occupational Discourses

Periods of English: From Synthetic Old English to Analytic Modern English

The Great Vowel Shift and Historical Spelling Inconsistencies

Processes of Semantic Change: Broadening, Narrowing, Pejoration, and Amelioration

External Drivers of Change: Invasions, Trade, Technology, and Social Change

Internal Drivers and Linguistic Models: S-Curve, Wave Model, and Least Effort

Standardisation Processes: Haugen's Four-Stage Model and Johnson's Dictionary

Metaphors for Language Change: Jean Aitchison's Parody Models

Analysing Historical Texts: Side-by-Side Comparative Methodology

Language Change Over Time

Kachru's Three Circles Model: Inner, Outer, and Expanding Circles

Schneider's Dynamic Model of Postcolonial Englishes

English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and Seidlhofer's VOICE Project

Pidgins and Creoles: Creolisation, Decreolisation, and the Creole Continuum

American versus British English: Lexical, Orthographic, and Grammatical Contrasts

OGE.13.LAN.3

Aligned learning resources

Related diagrams