<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="1:1">
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
      user-select: none;
    }

    /* Passage Area */
    .passage-box {
      background: #f8fafc;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 14px 16px;
      font-size: 15px;
      line-height: 1.65;
      color: #334155;
    }

    .frag {
      padding: 2px 4px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      transition: background-color 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
      cursor: pointer;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

    /* Fragment active states */
    .frag.c-claim.active { background: #dbeafe; color: #1d4ed8; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #3b82f6; }
    .frag.c-evidence.active { background: #dcfce7; color: #15803d; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #22c55e; }
    .frag.c-backing.active { background: #e0e7ff; color: #4338ca; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #6366f1; }
    .frag.c-concession.active { background: #f3f4f6; color: #374151; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #9ca3af; }
    .frag.c-rebuttal.active { background: #ccfbf1; color: #0f766e; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #14b8a6; }

    /* Implicit note banner */
    .implicit-bridge {
      display: none;
      margin-top: 8px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      background: #fef3c7;
      border-left: 3px solid #d97706;
      border-radius: 4px;
      font-size: 13px;
      color: #92400e;
      font-style: italic;
    }
    .implicit-bridge.active { display: block; }

    /* Cards Grid */
    .cards-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
    }
    @media (min-width: 540px) {
      .cards-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      }
    }

    .arg-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 10px;
      padding: 10px;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 4px;
      text-align: left;
    }
    .arg-card:hover {
      border-color: #cbd5e1;
      background: #fcfcfd;
    }

    .badge-label {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 4px;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      width: fit-content;
    }

    .card-text {
      font-size: 13px;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: #475569;
    }

    /* Tag styles */
    .tag-claim { background: #eff6ff; color: #1d4ed8; }
    .tag-evidence { background: #f0fdf4; color: #15803d; }
    .tag-warrant { background: #fffbeb; color: #b45309; }
    .tag-backing { background: #eef2ff; color: #4338ca; }
    .tag-concession { background: #f3f4f6; color: #4b5563; }
    .tag-rebuttal { background: #f0fdfa; color: #0f766e; }

    /* Active Card States */
    .arg-card.active.card-claim { border-color: #3b82f6; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #bfdbfe; background: #eff6ff; }
    .arg-card.active.card-evidence { border-color: #22c55e; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #bbf7d0; background: #f0fdf4; }
    .arg-card.active.card-warrant { border-color: #f59e0b; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #fde68a; background: #fffbeb; }
    .arg-card.active.card-backing { border-color: #6366f1; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #c7d2fe; background: #eef2ff; }
    .arg-card.active.card-concession { border-color: #6b7280; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #e5e7eb; background: #f9fafb; }
    .arg-card.active.card-rebuttal { border-color: #14b8a6; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #99f6e4; background: #f0fdfa; }

    /* Interactive hint */
    .hint-bar {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #64748b;
      padding: 0 4px;
    }
    .reset-btn {
      background: none;
      border: none;
      color: #2563eb;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }
    .reset-btn:hover {
      background: #eff6ff;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="passage-box">
    <span class="frag c-concession" data-id="concession">Although bus schedule changes cause minor initial transit costs,</span>
    <span class="frag c-claim" data-id="claim">high schools should delay start times to 8:30 AM,</span>
    <span class="frag c-evidence" data-id="evidence">because students gain 45 minutes of additional sleep;</span>
    <span class="frag c-backing" data-id="backing">adolescent neurobiology research</span>
    confirms that
    <span class="frag c-rebuttal" data-id="rebuttal">the cognitive and safety gains outweigh short-term logistical friction.</span>

    
    <div id="warrantBridge" class="implicit-bridge">
      ⚡ <strong>Implicit Warrant (Unstated Bridge):</strong> Increased adolescent sleep directly enhances public safety and educational outcomes.
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="hint-bar">
    <span>Tap any element to isolate its structural role:</span>
    <button class="reset-btn" id="showAllBtn">View All</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="cards-grid">
    
    <div class="arg-card card-claim active" data-id="claim">
      <span class="badge-label tag-claim">● Claim</span>
      <span class="card-text">High schools should delay start times to 8:30 AM</span>
    </div>

    
    <div class="arg-card card-evidence active" data-id="evidence">
      <span class="badge-label tag-evidence">● Evidence</span>
      <span class="card-text">Students gain 45 min additional sleep</span>
    </div>

    
    <div class="arg-card card-warrant active" data-id="warrant">
      <span class="badge-label tag-warrant">✦ Warrant (Implicit)</span>
      <span class="card-text">Sleep directly enhances safety & learning</span>
    </div>

    
    <div class="arg-card card-backing active" data-id="backing">
      <span class="badge-label tag-backing">● Backing</span>
      <span class="card-text">Adolescent neurobiology research</span>
    </div>

    
    <div class="arg-card card-concession active" data-id="concession">
      <span class="badge-label tag-concession">● Concession</span>
      <span class="card-text">Bus changes cause minor transit costs</span>
    </div>

    
    <div class="arg-card card-rebuttal active" data-id="rebuttal">
      <span class="badge-label tag-rebuttal">● Rebuttal</span>
      <span class="card-text">Gains outweigh logistical friction</span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.arg-card');
    const frags = document.querySelectorAll('.frag');
    const warrantBridge = document.getElementById('warrantBridge');
    const showAllBtn = document.getElementById('showAllBtn');

    let singleSelected = null;

    function highlight(id) {
      singleSelected = id;
      cards.forEach(card => {
        card.classList.toggle('active', card.dataset.id === id);
      });
      frags.forEach(frag => {
        frag.classList.toggle('active', frag.dataset.id === id);
      });
      warrantBridge.classList.toggle('active', id === 'warrant');
    }

    function showAll() {
      singleSelected = null;
      cards.forEach(card => card.classList.add('active'));
      frags.forEach(frag => frag.classList.add('active'));
      warrantBridge.classList.add('active');
    }

    cards.forEach(card => {
      card.addEventListener('click', () => {
        const id = card.dataset.id;
        if (singleSelected === id) {
          showAll();
        } else {
          highlight(id);
        }
      });
    });

    frags.forEach(frag => {
      frag.addEventListener('click', () => {
        const id = frag.dataset.id;
        if (singleSelected === id) {
          showAll();
        } else {
          highlight(id);
        }
      });
    });

    showAllBtn.addEventListener('click', showAll);

    // Initial state: show all active to establish full visual map
    showAll();
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Delineating Argument Chains: Claims, Warrants, and Counterclaims

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      background-color: #f8fafc;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      min-height: 100vh;
      padding: 12px 10px;
    }

    /* Interactive controls */
    .controls {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      z-index: 10;
    }
    .toggle-btn {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1.5px solid #2563eb;
      color: #2563eb;
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      padding: 6px 14px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: background-color 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.1);
    }
    .toggle-btn.active {
      background: #2563eb;
      color: #ffffff;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.35);
    }

    /* Diagram Map Tree */
    .tree-container {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 520px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
      flex: 1;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    /* Cards Base */
    .node-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      text-align: center;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
      position: relative;
      transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease;
    }
    .node-tag {
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      margin-bottom: 2px;
      display: block;
    }
    .node-text {
      font-size: 13px;
      font-weight: 600;
      line-height: 1.2;
    }

    /* Specific Node Themes */
    .claim-card {
      border: 2px solid #2563eb;
      width: 190px;
    }
    .claim-card .node-tag { color: #2563eb; }

    .evidence-card {
      border: 2px solid #3b82f6;
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 130px;
    }
    .evidence-card .node-tag { color: #3b82f6; }

    .warrant-card {
      border: 2px dashed #d97706;
      background: #fffdfa;
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 130px;
      opacity: 0.75;
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease, border-style 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    }
    .warrant-card .node-tag { color: #d97706; }
    .warrant-card .warrant-active-text { display: none; }
    .warrant-card .warrant-hidden-text { display: inline; }

    /* Highlighted Enthymeme State */
    .warrant-card.revealed {
      border-style: solid;
      opacity: 1;
      background: #fffbeb;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.25), 0 4px 12px rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.2);
    }
    .warrant-card.revealed .warrant-active-text { display: inline; }
    .warrant-card.revealed .warrant-hidden-text { display: none; }

    .counter-card {
      border: 2px solid #e11d48;
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 130px;
    }
    .counter-card .node-tag { color: #e11d48; }

    .rebuttal-card {
      border: 2px solid #059669;
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 130px;
    }
    .rebuttal-card .node-tag { color: #059669; }

    /* Branches & Connectors */
    .branch-row {
      display: flex;
      gap: 12px;
      width: 100%;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .connector-svg {
      width: 100%;
      height: 22px;
      display: block;
    }

    .connector-divider {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      width: 100%;
      margin: 2px 0;
      color: #94a3b8;
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      gap: 8px;
    }
    .connector-divider::before,
    .connector-divider::after {
      content: "";
      height: 1px;
      background: #cbd5e1;
      flex: 1;
    }

    /* Tooltip Callout */
    .tooltip-badge {
      position: absolute;
      top: -24px;
      left: 50%;
      transform: translateX(-50%);
      background: #d97706;
      color: #ffffff;
      font-size: 10px;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 6px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      opacity: 0;
      pointer-events: none;
      transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    }
    .warrant-card.revealed .tooltip-badge {
      opacity: 1;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  
  <div class="controls">
    <button class="toggle-btn" id="enthymemeToggle" onclick="toggleEnthymeme()">
      <span>✦</span> Reveal Hidden Enthymeme
    </button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="tree-container">
    
    
    <div class="node-card claim-card">
      <span class="node-tag">Main Claim</span>
      <div class="node-text">Wear Heavy Coat</div>
    </div>

    
    <svg class="connector-svg" viewBox="0 0 300 24" preserveAspectRatio="none">
      <path d="M 75 24 L 75 12 L 225 12 L 225 24 M 150 12 L 150 0" fill="none" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
    </svg>

    
    <div class="branch-row">
      <div class="node-card evidence-card">
        <span class="node-tag">Evidence</span>
        <div class="node-text">It is 30° Outside</div>
      </div>

      <div class="node-card warrant-card" id="warrantCard">
        <div class="tooltip-badge">Unstated Co-Premise</div>
        <span class="node-tag">Warrant</span>
        <div class="node-text">
          <span class="warrant-hidden-text">? [Hidden Premise]</span>
          <span class="warrant-active-text">30°F Requires Warmth</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="connector-divider">CHALLENGE & DEFENSE</div>

    
    <div class="branch-row">
      <div class="node-card counter-card">
        <span class="node-tag">Counter-Argument</span>
        <div class="node-text">30°C is Hot</div>
      </div>

      <div class="node-card rebuttal-card">
        <span class="node-tag">Rebuttal</span>
        <div class="node-text">Scale is Fahrenheit</div>
      </div>
    </div>

  </div>

  <script>
    function toggleEnthymeme() {
      const warrant = document.getElementById('warrantCard');
      const btn = document.getElementById('enthymemeToggle');
      const isRevealed = warrant.classList.toggle('revealed');
      btn.classList.toggle('active', isRevealed);
      btn.innerHTML = isRevealed 
        ? '<span>✓</span> Enthymeme Revealed' 
        : '<span>✦</span> Reveal Hidden Enthymeme';
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
    }

    body {
      background-color: #f8fafc;
      color: #1e2945;
      width: 100%;
      min-height: 100%;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      padding: 12px;
    }

    .toulmin-grid {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 580px;
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 40px 1fr;
      grid-gap: 12px 8px;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .node {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 10px 8px;
      text-align: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .node:hover, .node.active {
      border-color: #2563eb;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.15);
      background: #eff6ff;
    }

    .title {
      font-weight: 700;
      font-size: 14px;
      line-height: 1.2;
      color: #1e2945;
    }

    .sub {
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #64748b;
      margin-top: 3px;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

    /* Main Row */
    .evidence {
      grid-column: 1;
      grid-row: 1;
    }

    .arrow-main {
      grid-column: 2;
      grid-row: 1;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
      color: #2563eb;
      font-size: 20px;
      font-weight: bold;
    }

    .claim {
      grid-column: 3;
      grid-row: 1;
      border-color: #93c5fd;
    }

    /* Warrant Bridge (Center Span) */
    .warrant-wrap {
      grid-column: 1 / span 3;
      grid-row: 2;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      position: relative;
    }

    .connector-down {
      width: 2px;
      height: 10px;
      background-color: #cbd5e1;
      margin-bottom: -2px;
    }

    .warrant {
      width: 80%;
      border-style: dashed;
      border-color: #3b82f6;
      background: #f0f7ff;
    }

    /* Backing Box */
    .backing-wrap {
      grid-column: 1 / span 3;
      grid-row: 3;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .backing {
      width: 60%;
      padding: 6px 8px;
      font-size: 13px;
      border-color: #cbd5e1;
    }

    /* Counterclaim & Rebuttal Row */
    .counter-rebuttal-wrap {
      grid-column: 1 / span 3;
      grid-row: 4;
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 30px 1fr;
      align-items: center;
      margin-top: 4px;
      padding-top: 8px;
      border-top: 1px dashed #e2e8f0;
    }

    .counterclaim {
      grid-column: 1;
      border-color: #fca5a5;
      background: #fff5f5;
    }

    .counterclaim:hover, .counterclaim.active {
      border-color: #ef4444;
      background: #fee2e2;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.15);
    }

    .arrow-rebut {
      grid-column: 2;
      text-align: center;
      color: #64748b;
      font-size: 16px;
    }

    .rebuttal {
      grid-column: 3;
      border-color: #86efac;
      background: #f0fdf4;
    }

    .rebuttal:hover, .rebuttal.active {
      border-color: #16a34a;
      background: #dcfce7;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.15);
    }

    .shield-icon {
      font-size: 12px;
      margin-right: 2px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="toulmin-grid">
    
    <div class="node evidence" tabindex="0">
      <div class="title">Evidence</div>
      <div class="sub">Data & Facts</div>
    </div>

    <div class="arrow-main">➔</div>

    <div class="node claim" tabindex="0">
      <div class="title">Claim</div>
      <div class="sub">Conclusion</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="warrant-wrap">
      <div class="connector-down"></div>
      <div class="node warrant" tabindex="0">
        <div class="title">Warrant</div>
        <div class="sub">Logical Rule & Bridge</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="backing-wrap">
      <div class="connector-down"></div>
      <div class="node backing" tabindex="0">
        <div class="title" style="font-size: 13px;">Backing</div>
        <div class="sub">Support for Warrant</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="counter-rebuttal-wrap">
      <div class="node counterclaim" tabindex="0">
        <div class="title">Counterclaim</div>
        <div class="sub">Opposing View</div>
      </div>

      <div class="arrow-rebut">➔</div>

      <div class="node rebuttal" tabindex="0">
        <div class="title"><span class="shield-icon">🛡️</span>Rebuttal</div>
        <div class="sub">Defends Claim</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    const nodes = document.querySelectorAll('.node');
    nodes.forEach(node => {
      node.addEventListener('click', () => {
        nodes.forEach(n => n.classList.remove('active'));
        node.classList.add('active');
      });
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Citing Thorough Textual Evidence in Complex Informational Texts

Differentiating Explicit Assertions From Implicit Subtext

Evaluating Primary Versus Secondary Evidence in Historical Analysis

Analyzing Evidential Methodologies in Scientific and Technical Reports

Drawing Multistep Inferences From Dense Historical Documents

Evaluating the Sufficiency and Relevance of Disciplinary Citations

Critiquing Epistemic Gaps and Unsupported Assumptions

Textual Evidence, Subtextual Inference, and Source Analysis

Identifying Structural Divisions in Texts

Analysing Sentence Length and Type for Effect

Analysing Sentence Variety and Effect in Texts

Analysing Paragraph Openings and Endings

Analysing Shifts and Turns in Narrative Structure

Analysing Structural Devices: Foreshadowing and Flashback

Analysing Narrative Perspective and Viewpoint

Linking Structural Choices to Writer's Purpose and Effect

Analysing Text Structure and Form

Identifying Perspective in Informational Texts

Language Features That Signal Bias

Evaluating Representation of Issues in Media Texts

Using Personal Experience to Evaluate Text Arguments

Perspective, Bias and Evaluating Media Texts

Identifying Writers' Ideas and Perspectives in Texts

Comparing Writers' Viewpoints on the Same Topic

Comparing Vocabulary Across Texts on the Same Topic

Comparing How Writers Convey Ideas Through Language

Comparing How Writers Convey Ideas Through Structure

Writing Comparative Responses: Using Comparative Connectives

Comparing Texts from Different Time Periods

AQA-Style Paper 2: Structuring a Comparative Response

Comparing Texts: Writers' Ideas and Perspectives

What Does It Mean to Evaluate a Text Critically?

Judging the Effectiveness of a Writer's Choices

Evaluating Text Structures Against Stated Purposes

Evaluating Reliability and Bias in Non-Fiction Texts

Substantiating Evaluations with Textual Evidence

Evaluating the Impact of a Text on Its Intended Reader

Edexcel-Style Evaluation: Writing a Critical Response

Critical Evaluation of Texts

Assessing Logical Validity: Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Identifying Relevance Fallacies: Ad Hominem, Red Herring, and Straw Man

Identifying Structural Fallacies: False Dilemma and Faulty Premise

Detecting Statistical Manipulation and Causal Fallacies

Identifying Cognitive Biases and Ideological Blind Spots

Evaluating the Relevance, Sufficiency, and Integrity of Evidence

Evaluating Arguments, Logical Fallacies, and Cognitive Biases

Reading Charts and Graphs in Historical Sources

Reading Quantitative Data in Historical Analysis

Integrating Quantitative Data With Qualitative Historical Analysis

Combining Statistical Evidence With Narrative Accounts

Determining Whether Evidence Is Sufficient to Support a Claim

Assessing the Strength of Reasoning in Historical Arguments

Identifying Unsupported Claims in Historical Writing

Assessing Whether Evidence Is Sufficient in Informational Text

Detecting Bias and Perspective in Historical Arguments

Assessing Author Credibility in Historical Sources

Integrating Data and Evaluating Arguments in History

Comparing Perspectives Across Texts on the Same Topic

Corroborating Historical Claims Across Divergent Eyewitness Accounts

Synthesizing Scientific Findings Across Peer-Reviewed Studies

Analyzing Discrepancies and Contradictions Between Competing Sources

Comparing Treatment of Seminal Ideas in Historical and Contemporary Texts

Synthesizing Verbal and Quantitative Sources Into a Unified Thesis

Critiquing Multimodal News Coverage Across Global Media Outlets

Cross-Textual Synthesis, Historical Corroboration, and Competing Accounts

Executing Complex Multistep Scientific and Technical Instructions

Translating Quantitative Data Into Explanatory Prose

Translating Complex Verbal Arguments Into Visual and Multimodal Models

Evaluating Data Visualizations, Infographics, and Scale Distortions

Analyzing Interactive Digital Reports and Hypertext Architectures

Critiquing Multimedia Journalism, Video Essays, and Audio Documentaries

Reading and Critiquing Upper-Secondary Literary Nonfiction Independently

Technical Procedures, Data Translation, and Multimodal Critique

Why Argument Evaluation Doesn't Apply to Literature

Delineating an Argument in Informational Text

Evaluating Whether Reasoning Is Valid

Assessing Whether Evidence Is Relevant and Sufficient

Identifying False Statements in Arguments

Identifying Fallacious Reasoning in Arguments

Evaluating Arguments in Informational Text

Introduction to Rhetorical Devices in Written Text

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos in Written Arguments

Rhetorical Questions in Written Text and Their Effects

Repetition and Parallelism as Persuasive Tools

Antithesis and Contrast as Rhetorical Strategies

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rhetorical Devices

Rhetorical Devices and Persuasive Strategies

How Authors Draw On and Transform Source Material

How Shakespeare Transforms Themes From Classical Sources

How Modern Authors Draw On Shakespeare

Analyzing Seminal U.S. Documents: Themes and Concepts

How Foundational Documents Address Related Themes

Applying Argument Evaluation to a Complete Text

Drawing On and Transforming Source Material in Literature and Foundational Documents

Introduction to Critiquing Argumentative Texts

Identifying an Arguable Thesis in Argumentative Texts

Evaluating Whether a Thesis Is Arguable and Clear

Analyzing Ethos Appeals in Argumentative Texts

Analyzing Pathos Appeals in Argumentative Texts

Analyzing Logos Appeals in Argumentative Texts

Evaluating Thesis and Appeals in Argumentative Texts

Translating Quantitative Information From Words Into Visual Form

Translating Visual Data Into Words in Science Texts

Translating Mathematical Equations Into Verbal Explanations

Assessing Whether Evidence Supports Scientific Claims

Evaluating Reasoning in Scientific Arguments

Assessing Recommendations for Solving Scientific Problems

Comparing Findings Across Multiple Scientific Sources

Comparing Text Findings With Your Own Experimental Results

Identifying When Findings Support or Contradict Previous Accounts

Reading Complex Science and Technical Texts Independently

Integrating and Comparing Scientific Information

What Are Logical Fallacies and Why They Matter

Ad Hominem and Straw Man Fallacies

Slippery Slope and False Dichotomy Fallacies

Appeal to Authority and Bandwagon Fallacies

How Logical Fallacies Manipulate Reader Perception

Recognizing Subtle Fallacies in Everyday Arguments

Distinguishing Sound Reasoning From Fallacious Arguments

Evaluating the Interaction of Rhetoric and Fallacy

Application: Analyzing Devices, Rhetoric, and Fallacies in a Full Text

Logical Fallacies and Argument Analysis

Evaluating the Structure of an Argument

Evaluating Convincing Conclusions in Argumentative Texts

Analyzing Calls to Action in Persuasive Texts

Types of Evidence in Argumentative Texts: Overview

Evaluating Statistical Evidence in Arguments

Evaluating Anecdotal and Testimonial Evidence

Evaluating Expert Testimony and Authority in Arguments

Evaluating Structure and Evidence in Argumentative Texts

Identifying and Analyzing Counterarguments

Analyzing Concessions in Argumentative Texts

Analyzing Rebuttals in Argumentative Texts

Identifying the Target Audience in Argumentative Texts

Writing a Full Critique of an Argumentative Text

Evaluating Counterarguments, Audience, and Writing a Full Critique

Assessing the Extent to Which Evidence Supports Author Claims

Identifying Faulty Logic and Unwarranted Assumptions in Texts

Evaluating the Relevance and Reliability of Cited Sources

Detecting Cherry-Picked Evidence in Polemical Historical Writings

Assessing Cause-and-Effect Arguments in Economic Proposals

Evaluating Analogies and Historical Parallels in Civic Debates

Evaluating Appellate Legal Arguments and Constitutional Precedents

Critiquing Methodology and Sample Size in Social Science Studies

Reading Contentious Policy Treatises with Critical Discernment

social-studies

Evaluating Arguments, Evidence, and Reasoning (Grades 9–10)

How Rhetorical Devices Achieve Specific Purposes

How Ethos Establishes Authority and Credibility

How Pathos Evokes Emotional Response

How Logos Builds Logical Arguments

Rhetorical Appeals: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

Introduction to Argumentative Text Characteristics

Identifying a Clear Arguable Claim

Distinguishing Arguable Claims From Statements of Fact

Analyzing Ethos in Argumentative Texts

Analyzing Pathos in Argumentative Texts

Analyzing Logos in Argumentative Texts

Evaluating the Convincing Conclusion in Argumentative Texts

Argumentative Claims and Rhetorical Appeals

How Antithesis Creates Contrast and Persuasion

How Parallelism Creates Rhythm and Emphasis

Analyzing Rhetorical Shifts and Their Effects

How Repetition Drives Persuasive Momentum

Analyzing the Effect of Rhetorical Devices on the Audience

Rhetorical Devices and Their Persuasive Effects

Statistical Evidence in Arguments

Anecdotal Evidence in Arguments

Expert Testimony as Evidence in Arguments

Identifying Counterarguments in Argumentative Texts

Understanding Concessions: Acknowledging Opposing Views

Understanding Rebuttals: Refuting Counterarguments

How Concessions Build Credibility in Arguments

How Rebuttals Strengthen Arguments

Evidence and Counterargument Structures in Argumentative Texts

Identifying Ad Hominem Attacks in Written Arguments

Identifying Straw Man Arguments in Persuasive Texts

Recognizing Appeals to Authority in Persuasive Texts

Identifying Bandwagon Appeals in Written Arguments

Recognizing Slippery Slope Reasoning in Arguments

Identifying False Dichotomies in Persuasive Texts

Recognizing Circular Reasoning in Written Arguments

Logical Fallacies and Manipulative Reasoning

How Audience Shapes Argumentative Choices

Evaluating Argument Effectiveness for Specific Audiences

Analyzing How Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Work Together

Tracing a Claim Through a Full Argument

Writing About Argumentative Text Structure

Analyzing a Complete Argumentative Text

Audience Awareness and Full-Text Argument Analysis

Evaluating Arguable Thesis Statements in Argumentative Texts

Evaluating Rhetorical Appeals in Argumentative Texts

Evaluating Argument Structure and Organization

Evaluating Convincing Conclusions and Calls to Action

Evaluating Types of Evidence in Argumentative Texts

Evaluating Counterarguments, Concessions, and Rebuttals

Application: Critiquing a Complete Argumentative Text

Evaluating Argumentative Texts

OGE.10.RI.5

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