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Override for the tutor's lesson content generation calls. Auto uses the system default (Claude Sonnet 5 for lesson text, Opus 5 for diagrams).

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System default

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Tutoring abilities

Imagine reading a book about dinosaurs that only says, "The big animal walked around."

That doesn't tell you very much! But if it says, "The **Tyrannosaurus rex** hunted with sharp **claws**," you can see the scene right away.

What makes those two sentences feel so completely different?

**Topic-specific words** are special words that belong to one exact subject, like sports, outer space, or oceans.

When you use them, your writing gives clear facts and sounds like an expert wrote it.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
    }

    body {
      background-color: #f8f9fa;
      color: #1e2945;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
      padding: 16px;
    }

    .main-layout {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 520px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 14px;
    }

    /* Topic Tabs */
    .tab-bar {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .tab-btn {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      color: #64748b;
      padding: 8px 14px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    }

    .tab-btn.active {
      background: #10b981;
      border-color: #10b981;
      color: #ffffff;
      box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.25);
    }

    /* Column Headers */
    .headers-row {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 28px 1fr;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 0 6px;
    }

    .header-label {
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .header-label.expert {
      color: #10b981;
    }

    /* Rows Container */
    .rows-container {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
      min-height: 170px;
      position: relative;
    }

    .topic-panel {
      position: absolute;
      top: 0;
      left: 0;
      width: 100%;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
      opacity: 0;
      pointer-events: none;
      transform: translateY(6px);
      transition: opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease;
    }

    .topic-panel.active {
      opacity: 1;
      pointer-events: auto;
      transform: translateY(0);
      position: relative;
    }

    /* Pair Row */
    .pair-card {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 28px 1fr;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .tile {
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 14px 10px;
      border-radius: 12px;
      text-align: center;
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 600;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 52px;
    }

    .tile.everyday {
      color: #64748b;
      background: #ffffff;
    }

    .tile.expert {
      color: #065f46;
      background: #ecfdf5;
      border: 1.5px solid #a7f3d0;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.12);
    }

    .arrow {
      text-align: center;
      color: #10b981;
      font-size: 16px;
      font-weight: bold;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="main-layout">
    
    <div class="tab-bar">
      <button class="tab-btn active" onclick="showTopic(0)">🌿 Plants</button>
      <button class="tab-btn" onclick="showTopic(1)">🚀 Space</button>
      <button class="tab-btn" onclick="showTopic(2)">🌊 Ocean</button>
    </div>

    
    <div class="headers-row">
      <div class="header-label">Everyday</div>
      <div></div>
      <div class="header-label expert">Topic Expert ✦</div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="rows-container">
      
      <div class="topic-panel active" id="panel-0">
        <div class="pair-card">
          <div class="tile everyday">plant food</div>
          <div class="arrow">→</div>
          <div class="tile expert">glucose</div>
        </div>
        <div class="pair-card">
          <div class="tile everyday">drinks water</div>
          <div class="arrow">→</div>
          <div class="tile expert">absorbs</div>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="topic-panel" id="panel-1">
        <div class="pair-card">
          <div class="tile everyday">spinning path</div>
          <div class="arrow">→</div>
          <div class="tile expert">orbit</div>
        </div>
        <div class="pair-card">
          <div class="tile everyday">star explosion</div>
          <div class="arrow">→</div>
          <div class="tile expert">supernova</div>
        </div>
      </div>

      
      <div class="topic-panel" id="panel-2">
        <div class="pair-card">
          <div class="tile everyday">water home</div>
          <div class="arrow">→</div>
          <div class="tile expert">habitat</div>
        </div>
        <div class="pair-card">
          <div class="tile everyday">deep bottom</div>
          <div class="arrow">→</div>
          <div class="tile expert">abyss</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    function showTopic(index) {
      const tabs = document.querySelectorAll('.tab-btn');
      const panels = document.querySelectorAll('.topic-panel');

      tabs.forEach((tab, i) => {
        tab.classList.toggle('active', i === index);
      });

      panels.forEach((panel, i) => {
        panel.classList.toggle('active', i === index);
      });
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

How do these special words look inside a real sentence?

Let's watch what happens when we trade simple everyday words for **topic words** about the ocean.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
<title>Using Topic-Specific Words</title>
<style>
  * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  body {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
    color: #1e2945;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-height: 100%;
    padding: 16px;
  }

  .main-wrapper {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 540px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 16px;
    align-items: center;
  }

  /* Mode Switcher */
  .switch-bar {
    display: flex;
    background: #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 24px;
    padding: 4px;
    gap: 4px;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 320px;
  }

  .switch-btn {
    flex: 1;
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #64748b;
    border-radius: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
  }

  .switch-btn.active {
    background: #ffffff;
    color: #2563eb;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
  }

  /* Visual Preview Box */
  .visual-card {
    width: 100%;
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 24px 16px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .scene {
    width: 120px;
    height: 120px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #e0f2fe;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    position: relative;
    font-size: 64px;
    transition: background 0.3s ease;
  }

  .scene.topic {
    background: #bae6fd;
  }

  .badge-tag {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
  }

  .badge-everyday {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: #64748b;
  }

  .badge-topic {
    background: #dbeafe;
    color: #1d4ed8;
  }

  /* Interactive Sentence Display */
  .sentence-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 6px 8px;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .word-token {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
    user-select: none;
  }

  .token-everyday {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: #475569;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #cbd5e1;
  }

  .token-topic {
    background: #eff6ff;
    color: #2563eb;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #3b82f6;
  }

  .swap-icon {
    font-size: 11px;
    opacity: 0.6;
  }

  .hint-text {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #64748b;
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="main-wrapper">
  
  <div class="switch-bar">
    <button class="switch-btn active" id="btn-everyday">Everyday</button>
    <button class="switch-btn" id="btn-topic">Topic Words</button>
  </div>

  
  <div class="visual-card">
    <span id="type-badge" class="badge-tag badge-everyday">Everyday Words</span>
    
    <div id="scene-icon" class="scene">
      🐟
    </div>

    
    <div class="sentence-container">
      <span>The</span>
      <span class="word-token token-everyday" id="token-noun" data-slot="noun">
        <span class="word-text">sea animal</span>
        <span class="swap-icon">⇄</span>
      </span>
      <span class="word-token token-everyday" id="token-verb" data-slot="verb">
        <span class="word-text">moved</span>
        <span class="swap-icon">⇄</span>
      </span>
      <span>with</span>
      <span class="word-token token-everyday" id="token-part" data-slot="part">
        <span class="word-text">arms</span>
        <span class="swap-icon">⇄</span>
      </span>
    </div>

    <div class="hint-text">Tap any highlighted word to swap</div>
  </div>
</div>

<script>
  const words = {
    noun: { everyday: 'sea animal', topic: 'octopus' },
    verb: { everyday: 'moved', topic: 'propelled' },
    part: { everyday: 'arms', topic: 'tentacles' }
  };

  const state = {
    noun: false, // false = everyday, true = topic
    verb: false,
    part: false
  };

  const btnEveryday = document.getElementById('btn-everyday');
  const btnTopic = document.getElementById('btn-topic');
  const sceneIcon = document.getElementById('scene-icon');
  const typeBadge = document.getElementById('type-badge');

  function updateDisplay() {
    let topicCount = 0;
    
    Object.keys(words).forEach(slot => {
      const isTopic = state[slot];
      if (isTopic) topicCount++;
      
      const el = document.getElementById(`token-${slot}`);
      const textEl = el.querySelector('.word-text');
      
      textEl.textContent = words[slot][isTopic ? 'topic' : 'everyday'];
      
      if (isTopic) {
        el.className = 'word-token token-topic';
      } else {
        el.className = 'word-token token-everyday';
      }
    });

    const isMostlyTopic = topicCount >= 2;

    if (isMostlyTopic) {
      sceneIcon.textContent = '🐙';
      sceneIcon.className = 'scene topic';
      typeBadge.textContent = 'Topic Words';
      typeBadge.className = 'badge-tag badge-topic';
      btnTopic.classList.add('active');
      btnEveryday.classList.remove('active');
    } else {
      sceneIcon.textContent = '🐟';
      sceneIcon.className = 'scene';
      typeBadge.textContent = 'Everyday Words';
      typeBadge.className = 'badge-tag badge-everyday';
      btnEveryday.classList.add('active');
      btnTopic.classList.remove('active');
    }
  }

  // Word token click handlers
  ['noun', 'verb', 'part'].forEach(slot => {
    const el = document.getElementById(`token-${slot}`);
    el.addEventListener('click', () => {
      state[slot] = !state[slot];
      updateDisplay();
    });
  });

  // Mode button handlers
  btnEveryday.addEventListener('click', () => {
    state.noun = false;
    state.verb = false;
    state.part = false;
    updateDisplay();
  });

  btnTopic.addEventListener('click', () => {
    state.noun = true;
    state.verb = true;
    state.part = true;
    updateDisplay();
  });

  updateDisplay();
</script>

</body>
</html>

The second sentence is much more **informative** because it names the exact animal and its body parts.

How can you collect topic words before you start drafting your own story?

Before you write, make a **word bank** with 3 or 4 special words that fit your topic.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>Topic Word Bank</title>
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    }

    body {
      background: #f8f9fa;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 16px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    .main-layout {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 12px;
    }

    /* Topic Tabs */
    .topics-row {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .topic-btn {
      flex: 1;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      border-radius: 10px;
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    }

    .topic-btn.active {
      background: #16a34a;
      color: #ffffff;
      border-color: #16a34a;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.2);
    }

    /* Word Bank Card */
    .bank-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 14px 16px;
      border: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 10px;
    }

    .bank-header {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      font-size: 12px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #16a34a;
    }

    .bank-badge {
      background: #dcfce7;
      color: #15803d;
      padding: 3px 8px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-size: 11px;
    }

    .words-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .word-chip {
      background: #f0fdf4;
      border: 1px solid #bbf7d0;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 8px 10px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #166534;
      transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
    }

    .word-chip span.arrow {
      font-size: 11px;
      color: #16a34a;
      opacity: 0.7;
    }

    /* Sentence Card */
    .sentence-card {
      background: #ffffff;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 14px 16px;
      border: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .sentence-label {
      font-size: 11px;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      color: #64748b;
    }

    .sentence-text {
      font-size: 15px;
      line-height: 1.5;
      color: #1e2945;
      min-height: 44px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 3px;
    }

    .hl-word {
      background: #16a34a;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 1px 6px;
      border-radius: 5px;
      font-weight: 600;
      display: inline-block;
    }

    .animating {
      opacity: 0.3;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="main-layout">
    
    <div class="topics-row">
      <button class="topic-btn active" data-idx="0">🪐 Space</button>
      <button class="topic-btn" data-idx="1">🌊 Ocean</button>
      <button class="topic-btn" data-idx="2">🌋 Volcano</button>
    </div>

    
    <div class="bank-card">
      <div class="bank-header">
        <span>Word Bank</span>
        <span class="bank-badge" id="bankBadge">Topic Words</span>
      </div>
      <div class="words-grid" id="wordsGrid">
        <div class="word-chip"><span>orbit</span><span class="arrow">✦</span></div>
        <div class="word-chip"><span>gravity</span><span class="arrow">✦</span></div>
        <div class="word-chip"><span>astronaut</span><span class="arrow">✦</span></div>
        <div class="word-chip"><span>crater</span><span class="arrow">✦</span></div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
    <div class="sentence-card">
      <div class="sentence-label">Topic-Specific Writing</div>
      <div class="sentence-text" id="sentenceBox">
        The <span class="hl-word">astronaut</span> enters <span class="hl-word">orbit</span> in zero <span class="hl-word">gravity</span>.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script src="{{VENDOR_CDN}}/classace-diagram.js"></script>
  <script>
    const data = [
      {
        words: ['orbit', 'gravity', 'astronaut', 'crater'],
        sentence: 'The <span class="hl-word">astronaut</span> enters <span class="hl-word">orbit</span> in zero <span class="hl-word">gravity</span>.'
      },
      {
        words: ['coral', 'current', 'marine', 'trench'],
        sentence: 'Colorful <span class="hl-word">coral</span> thrives in the deep <span class="hl-word">marine</span> <span class="hl-word">current</span>.'
      },
      {
        words: ['magma', 'eruption', 'crater', 'lava'],
        sentence: 'Molten <span class="hl-word">magma</span> triggers a violent <span class="hl-word">eruption</span>.'
      }
    ];

    const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('.topic-btn');
    const wordsGrid = document.getElementById('wordsGrid');
    const sentenceBox = document.getElementById('sentenceBox');

    function setTopic(index) {
      buttons.forEach((b, i) => b.classList.toggle('active', i === index));

      wordsGrid.classList.add('animating');
      sentenceBox.classList.add('animating');

      setTimeout(() => {
        const item = data[index];
        wordsGrid.innerHTML = item.words.map(w =>
          `<div class="word-chip"><span>${w}</span><span class="arrow">✦</span></div>`
        ).join('');
        sentenceBox.innerHTML = item.sentence;

        wordsGrid.classList.remove('animating');
        sentenceBox.classList.remove('animating');
      }, 150);
    }

    buttons.forEach((btn, i) => {
      btn.addEventListener('click', () => setTopic(i));
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Watch out for a common mistake: do not drop in fancy words unless you know what they mean.

Every **topic word** should fit your sentence smoothly so your reader learns something new.

Pick a topic you love today, like soccer, cooking, or planets, and try adding two **topic words** to your next draft!

Using Topic-Specific Words in Your Writing. Include some topic-specific vocabulary in your writing to make it more informative.

Using Topic Words in Non-Fiction and Informative Writing

Determine the Meaning of Domain-Specific Words with Pictures (Years 1-2)

Scientific Vocabulary and Word Mats for Key Stage 1 / Early Primary

To achieve global mastery of AC9E1LY06 in Years 1-2, instruction should follow an 'I do, We do, You do' gradual release model. Begin with shared reading of high-interest informative mentor texts to co-create thematic word walls and labelled diagrams. Guide students through oral sentence rehearsal ('Say it like an expert') before writing, followed by structured peer re-reading routines where students hunt for and circle generic words to 'upgrade' into topic-specific vocabulary.

Using Topic-Specific Words in Your Writing

What Are Topic Words?

Upgrading a Sentence