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Tutoring abilities

Imagine reading a spooky story that says, "The ghost walked into the nice house." That does not sound scary at all!

When you write, **topic words** are special words that fit your subject perfectly and help your reader paint a vivid picture in their mind.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
<title>Choosing Topic Words</title>
<style>
  * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  body {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
    background: #f0f4f8;
    color: #1e2945;
    padding: 16px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-height: 100%;
    user-select: none;
  }
  .app-container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 480px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 14px;
  }
  .topic-tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .topic-btn {
    flex: 1;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 10px 6px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1e2945;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 6px;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  }
  .topic-btn.active {
    background: #7c3aed;
    color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(124, 58, 237, 0.25);
  }
  .scene-display {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 18px 14px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 14px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
  }
  .illustration {
    font-size: 46px;
    line-height: 1;
    height: 52px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 12px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  }
  .word-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 8px;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .word-pill {
    background: #f0f4f8;
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 10px 4px;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1e2945;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    border: 1.5px solid rgba(124, 58, 237, 0.15);
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
  }
  .word-pill span.icon {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
  .word-pill span.txt {
    font-size: 13px;
  }
  .status-tag {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #7c3aed;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.8px;
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="app-container">
  <div class="topic-tabs" role="tablist">
    <button class="topic-btn active" onclick="setTopic(0)">
      <span>🌊</span> Ocean
    </button>
    <button class="topic-btn" onclick="setTopic(1)">
      <span>🏰</span> Spooky
    </button>
    <button class="topic-btn" onclick="setTopic(2)">
      <span>🚀</span> Space
    </button>
  </div>

  <div class="scene-display" id="sceneDisplay">
    <div class="status-tag" id="topicTag">TOPIC WORDS</div>
    <div class="illustration" id="heroEmoji">🌊 🐋 🪸</div>
    <div class="word-grid" id="wordsContainer">
      
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<script>
  const topics = [
    {
      name: "OCEAN TOPIC",
      emojis: "🌊 🐋 🪸",
      words: [
        { icon: "🪸", text: "coral" },
        { icon: "🌊", text: "current" },
        { icon: "🤿", text: "plunge" }
      ]
    },
    {
      name: "SPOOKY TOPIC",
      emojis: "🏰 🦇 👻",
      words: [
        { icon: "👻", text: "shadow" },
        { icon: "🦇", text: "creak" },
        { icon: "⚡", text: "eerie" }
      ]
    },
    {
      name: "SPACE TOPIC",
      emojis: "🚀 🪐 👩‍🚀",
      words: [
        { icon: "🪐", text: "orbit" },
        { icon: "🚀", text: "crater" },
        { icon: "☄️", text: "gravity" }
      ]
    }
  ];

  let currentTopic = 0;

  function render() {
    const data = topics[currentTopic];
    document.querySelectorAll('.topic-btn').forEach((btn, idx) => {
      btn.classList.toggle('active', idx === currentTopic);
    });

    document.getElementById('topicTag').textContent = data.name;
    document.getElementById('heroEmoji').textContent = data.emojis;

    const container = document.getElementById('wordsContainer');
    container.innerHTML = data.words.map(w => `
      <div class="word-pill">
        <span class="icon">${w.icon}</span>
        <span class="txt">${w.text}</span>
      </div>
    `).join('');
  }

  function setTopic(index) {
    currentTopic = index;
    render();
  }

  render();
</script>

</body>
</html>

How do we find the best words when the topic changes completely, like blasting off into outer space?

Every topic has its own **word bank**, which is a collection of words that belong to that specific theme.

If you write about a space mission, you would choose words like **orbit**, **rocket**, **crater**, and **weightless** instead of everyday words.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <title>Topic Words</title>
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
      background: #f8f9fa;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 12px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
    }

    .topic-bar {
      display: flex;
      gap: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
      margin-bottom: 14px;
    }

    .topic-btn {
      flex: 1;
      border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 8px 4px;
      border-radius: 10px;
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #64748b;
      cursor: pointer;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 6px;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
    }

    .topic-btn.active {
      border-color: #0284c7;
      background: #f0f9ff;
      color: #0284c7;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.15);
    }

    .board {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 8px;
    }

    .word-row {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 28px 1.2fr;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 10px 14px;
      border-radius: 12px;
      border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
      transition: transform 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease;
    }

    .generic-pill {
      font-size: 14px;
      color: #94a3b8;
      text-decoration: line-through;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

    .arrow {
      text-align: center;
      color: #0284c7;
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .topic-pill {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #0369a1;
      background: #e0f2fe;
      padding: 5px 10px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      transition: all 0.25s ease;
    }

    .topic-pill .icon {
      font-size: 16px;
      margin-left: 4px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="topic-bar">
    <button class="topic-btn active" data-topic="0">
      <span>🚀</span> Space
    </button>
    <button class="topic-btn" data-topic="1">
      <span>🌊</span> Ocean
    </button>
    <button class="topic-btn" data-topic="2">
      <span>🌲</span> Forest
    </button>
  </div>

  <div class="board" id="wordBoard">
    
  </div>

  <script>
    const data = [
      {
        theme: '#0284c7',
        bg: '#e0f2fe',
        pairs: [
          { general: 'circle', specific: 'orbit', icon: '🪐' },
          { general: 'fly up', specific: 'launch', icon: '🚀' },
          { general: 'hole', specific: 'crater', icon: '🌑' },
          { general: 'floating', specific: 'weightless', icon: '🧑‍🚀' }
        ]
      },
      {
        theme: '#0d9488',
        bg: '#ccfbf1',
        pairs: [
          { general: 'sink', specific: 'submerge', icon: '🤿' },
          { general: 'floor', specific: 'seabed', icon: '🌊' },
          { general: 'deep hole', specific: 'trench', icon: '🐙' },
          { general: 'glow', specific: 'bioluminescent', icon: '✨' }
        ]
      },
      {
        theme: '#15803d',
        bg: '#dcfce7',
        pairs: [
          { general: 'treetop', specific: 'canopy', icon: '🌿' },
          { general: 'walk', specific: 'trek', icon: '🥾' },
          { general: 'animals', specific: 'wildlife', icon: '🦊' },
          { general: 'damp', specific: 'humid', icon: '🌧️' }
        ]
      }
    ];

    const board = document.getElementById('wordBoard');
    const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('.topic-btn');

    function render(index) {
      const topic = data[index];
      board.innerHTML = topic.pairs.map(p => `
        <div class="word-row">
          <div class="generic-pill">${p.general}</div>
          <div class="arrow" style="color:${topic.theme}">→</div>
          <div class="topic-pill" style="color:${topic.theme}; background:${topic.bg}">
            <span>${p.specific}</span>
            <span class="icon">${p.icon}</span>
          </div>
        </div>
      `).join('');
    }

    buttons.forEach((btn, idx) => {
      btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
        buttons.forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));
        btn.classList.add('active');
        render(idx);
      });
    });

    render(0);
  </script>
</body>
</html>

What about action words? Can choosing the right verb make your writing even more exciting?

An **action word** (or verb) tells what someone is doing, like running or eating.

Instead of using general words like "went" or "made", pick an action that matches your topic's energy.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta name="aspect-ratio" content="4:3">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    body {
      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #1e2945;
      padding: 16px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 100%;
      user-select: none;
    }

    .display-box {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
      background: #fff7ed;
      border: 2px solid #fed7aa;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 16px;
      text-align: center;
      margin-bottom: 16px;
    }

    .sentence {
      font-size: 20px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #7c2d12;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 8px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .verb-chip {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      padding: 4px 12px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      background: #f97316;
      color: #ffffff;
      font-weight: 700;
      min-width: 90px;
      transition: background 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
    }

    .verb-chip.generic {
      background: #9ca3af;
      text-decoration: line-through;
    }

    .motion-preview {
      height: 48px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      font-size: 28px;
      margin-top: 8px;
    }

    .topic-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 10px;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 480px;
    }

    .topic-btn {
      background: #ffffff;
      border: 2px solid #e5e7eb;
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 12px 6px;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 6px;
      cursor: pointer;
      font-size: 14px;
      font-weight: 600;
      color: #4b5563;
      transition: border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;
    }

    .topic-btn .icon {
      font-size: 24px;
    }

    .topic-btn .verb-label {
      font-size: 15px;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: #1e2945;
    }

    .topic-btn.active {
      border-color: #f97316;
      background: #fffaf5;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #fdba74;
    }

    .topic-btn.active .verb-label {
      color: #ea580c;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="display-box">
    <div class="sentence">
      <span>The cat</span>
      <span class="verb-chip" id="verbTarget">sprinted</span>
      <span>home.</span>
    </div>
    <div class="motion-preview" id="motionIcon">⚡ 🐈💨</div>
  </div>

  <div class="topic-grid">
    <button class="topic-btn active" data-verb="sprinted" data-icon="⚡ 🐈💨" data-title="Speed">
      <span class="icon">⚡</span>
      <span class="verb-label">sprinted</span>
    </button>
    <button class="topic-btn" data-verb="prowled" data-icon="🐾 🐈" data-title="Stealth">
      <span class="icon">🐾</span>
      <span class="verb-label">prowled</span>
    </button>
    <button class="topic-btn" data-verb="strolled" data-icon="☀️ 🐈🐾" data-title="Calm">
      <span class="icon">☀️</span>
      <span class="verb-label">strolled</span>
    </button>
  </div>

  <script src="{{VENDOR_CDN}}/classace-diagram.js"></script>
  <script>
    const buttons = $$('.topic-btn');
    const verbTarget = $('#verbTarget');
    const motionIcon = $('#motionIcon');

    buttons.forEach((btn) => {
      onTap(btn, () => {
        buttons.forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));
        btn.classList.add('active');

        const verb = btn.getAttribute('data-verb');
        const icon = btn.getAttribute('data-icon');

        verbTarget.textContent = verb;
        motionIcon.textContent = icon;
      });
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Be careful not to pick a giant word just because it sounds fancy — the word must make sense for your story!

Next time you write about a jungle, a race track, or a cozy bedroom, ask yourself: **What words only belong in this world?**

Choosing Words That Fit Your Topic. Experiment with and make conscious choices of vocabulary to suit a particular topic.

Year 2 / KS1 English: Choosing Words and Using Topic Vocabulary

Year 2 English: Select Words with Specific Meaning and Topic Connections

Australian Curriculum V9 Resource Bank: AC9E2LA09 - Vocabulary Choices

To master AC9E2LA09 in Year 2, use explicit instruction paired with shared reading and interactive word sorts. Begin by modelling how choosing precise vocabulary transforms bland sentences into vivid descriptions. Use visual semantic maps, anchor charts, and guided oral rehearsal before asking students to independently choose topic-specific vocabulary in their own writing.

Choosing Words That Fit Your Topic

Matching Words to Your Setting

Upgrading Action Words